Muscles of the Shoulder and Axilla Flashcards by Aamna Qandil

The following does NOT form the framework of the shoulder.
A. Clavicle
B. Scapula
C. Proximal end of the humerus
D. Lateral end of 1st rib

Lateral end of 1st rib

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The shoulder is the region of the upper limb attached to the trunk. True or false?

True

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_____ and _____ are the superficial muscles of shoulder.

Trapezius and Deltoid

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________ can NOT be palpated between the attachments of Trapezius and Deltoid
A. Scapula
B. Acromion
C. Heart
D. Clavicle

Heart

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Which of the following statements is true regarding the trapezius muscle?
a) It is located in the upper leg.
b) It is responsible for flexing the elbow joint.
c) It is a broad, flat muscle that covers the upper back and neck.
d) It is a part of the quadriceps muscle group.

It is a broad, flat muscle that covers the upper back and neck.

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Which of the following is NOT a function of the trapezius muscle?
a) Shoulder elevation
b) Scapular adduction
c) Elbow extension
d) Neck extension

Elbow extension

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Trapezius is a flat and triangular muscle. True or false?

True

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Which nerve innervates the trapezius muscle?

Accessory nerve

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Which of the following regions of the trapezius muscle is responsible for the upward rotation of the scapula?
a) Upper fibers
b) Middle fibers
c) Lower fibers
d) All of the above

Upper fibers

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Which of the following stretches can be done to target the trapezius muscle?
a) Hamstring stretch
b) Quadriceps stretch
c) Chest stretch
d) Shoulder shrug stretch

Shoulder shrug stretch

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Which of the following conditions is associated with the trapezius muscle?
a) Tennis elbow
b) Carpal tunnel syndrome
c) Rotator cuff tear
d) None of the above

None of the above

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What is the function of lower fibers of trapezius?

Depress scapula

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The abduction of humerus above horizontal (>90 degrees) is called?

Hyperabduction

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Which muscle assists in rotating the scapula during hyperabduction?

Trapezius

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The scapula and humerus move in 1:4 ratio. True or false?

False. 1:2 ratio

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When the arm is abducted 180 degrees:
A. 60 degrees occurs by rotation of the scapula. 120 degrees by the humerus
B. 120 degrees occurs by rotation of the scapula. 60 degrees by the humerus
C. 90 degrees occurs by rotation of the scapula. 90 degrees by the humerus
D. 100 degrees occurs by rotation of the scapula. 80 degrees by the humerus

A. 60 degrees occurs by rotation of the scapula. 120 degrees by the humerus

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What is the function of the trapezius muscle?
a) Flexes the elbow joint
b) Extends the knee joint
c) Elevates and retracts the scapula
d) Adducts the shoulder joint

Elevates and retracts the scapula

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How can poor posture affect the trapezius muscle?
a) It can cause pain and stiffness in the upper back and neck.
b) It can lead to knee injuries.
c) It can cause hip flexor strains.
d) It has no effect on the trapezius muscle.

It can cause pain and stiffness in the upper back and neck

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Which exercise would best strengthen the trapezius muscle?
a) Bicep curls
b) Squats
c) Pull-ups
d) Push-ups

Pull-ups

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Which of the following is true regarding the deltoid muscle?
a) It is located in the lower back.
b) It is responsible for flexing the knee joint.
c) It is a triangular muscle that covers the shoulder joint.
d) It is a part of the quadriceps muscle group.

It is a triangular muscle that covers the shoulder joint

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This is NOT the origin point for Deltoid:
A. Spine of the scapula
B. Acromion
C. 4th and 5th rib
D. Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

4th and 5th rib

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Which part of the deltoid muscle is responsible for shoulder abduction?

All parts

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Which of the following is NOT a function of the deltoid muscle?
a) Shoulder abduction
b) Shoulder flexion
c) Shoulder adduction
d) Shoulder extension

Shoulder adduction

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Deltoid is innervated by ______ nerve

Axillary nerve

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Deltoid is inserted at?

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Deltoid abducts arm beyond initial 15o (abduction between 15o-90o). True or false?

True

Function of anterior fibers of deltoid?

flexing the arm

Function of posterior fibers of deltoid?

extending the arm

Where is the levator scapulae muscle located in the body? a) Upper leg b) Upper arm c) Neck and shoulder d) Lower back

Neck and shoulder

What is the function of the levator scapulae muscle?

To elevate the shoulder girdle

What movements are associated with the levator scapulae muscle? a) Shoulder abduction b) Shoulder adduction c) Shoulder elevation d) Shoulder extension

Shoulder elevation

By tilting the head to the opposite side, you stretch the levator scapulae muscle? True or false?

True

levator scapulae muscle is innervated by __________ and __________

Anterior rami of C3, C4 spinal nerves and Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

What is the function of the rhomboid minor muscle?

To retract the scapula

By extending the arm behind the body, you stretch the rhomboid minor muscle. True or false?

True

What movements are associated with the rhomboid minor muscle? a) Shoulder abduction b) Shoulder adduction c) Scapular retraction d) Scapular protraction

Scapular retraction

Rhomboid minor muscle is innervated by?

Dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid minor muscle is inserted at ________

Medial border of scapula

Rhomboid muscle is a: A. Small rhomboid shaped muscle B. Flat and triangular C. Large and bulky D. Small and triangular

Small rhomboid shaped muscle

Rhomboid major originates from _________

Spinous processes of T-II to T-V

Rhomboid major is inserted at?

Medial border of scapula between spine and inferior angle

What is the function of the rhomboid major muscle? a) To retract the scapula b) To elevate the shoulder girdle c) To depress the shoulder girdle d) To rotate the arm inward

To retract the scapula

Rhomboid major also depresses scapula. True or false?

False. Elevate scapula

The Supraspinatus muscle is located in the _______________ of the scapula

supraspinous fossa

Main function of supraspinatus is to abduct the arm and assist with medial rotation. True or false?

False. Lateral rotation

Is supraspinatus one of the rotator cuff muscle?

Yes.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the supraspinatus muscle? a) Abduction of the arm b) Adduction of the arm c) Stabilization of the humeral head d) Assisting with lateral rotation of the arm

Adduction of the arm

Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus muscle?

Suprascapular nerve

Which muscle works in opposition to the supraspinatus muscle during adduction of the arm? a) Infraspinatus muscle b) Teres minor muscle c) Subscapularis muscle d) Pectoralis major muscle

Pectoralis major muscle

The infraspinatus muscle is located in which fossa of the scapula?

Infraspinous fossa

The infraspinatus muscle is one of the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff. Which of the following is NOT one of the other three muscles? a) Supraspinatus muscle b) Teres minor muscle c) Subscapularis muscle d) Pectoralis major muscle

Pectoralis major muscle

What is the main function of the infraspinatus muscle? a) Abduction of the arm b) Adduction of the arm c) Stabilization of the humeral head d) External rotation of the arm

External rotation of the arm

___________ nerve innervates the infraspinatus muscle.

Suprascapular nerve

Axillary nerve innervates the teres minor muscle. True or false?

True

Which muscle is located inferior to the infraspinatus muscle and is also a part of the rotator cuff? a) Subscapularis muscle b) Teres minor muscle c) Supraspinatus muscle d) Biceps brachii muscle

Teres minor muscle

What is the primary function of the teres minor muscle?

External rotation of the arm

The teres minor muscle works in conjunction with which other muscle to externally rotate the arm? a) Infraspinatus muscle b) Subscapularis muscle c) Supraspinatus muscle d) Pectoralis major muscle

Infraspinatus muscle

Which of the following injuries is commonly associated with the subscapularis muscle? a) Rotator cuff tear b) Tennis elbow c) Frozen shoulder d) Plantar fasciitis

Rotator cuff tear

Origin of subscapularis muscle is?

Medial 2/3 of subscapular fossa

Which nerve innervates the subscapularis muscle?

Upper (superior) and lower (inferior) subscapular nerves

What is the primary function of the subscapularis muscle? a) Abduction of the arm b) Adduction of the arm c) Medial rotation of the arm d) External rotation of the arm

Medial rotation of the arm

The rotator cuff is composed of how many muscles? a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5

What is the primary function of the rotator cuff muscles? a) Adduction of the arm b) Abduction of the arm c) Stabilization of the humeral head d) Flexion of the arm

Stabilization of the humeral head

Insertion of teres major is at?

Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus

The teres major muscle is located on the posterior aspect of which bone? a) Humerus b) Scapula c) Clavicle d) Sternum

Humerus

What is the primary function of the teres major muscle?

Adduction of the arm

Which nerve innervates the teres major muscle? a) Axillary nerve b) Musculocutaneous nerve c) Radial nerve d) Inferior subscapular nerve

Inferior subscapular nerve

The teres major muscle is often referred to as the "lat's little helper" due to its synergistic action with which other muscle? a) Infraspinatus muscle b) Teres minor muscle c) Latissimus dorsi muscle d) Deltoid muscle

Latissimus dorsi muscle

Which of the following injuries is commonly associated with the teres major muscle? a) Rotator cuff tear b) Tennis elbow c) Pulled muscle d) Plantar fasciitis

Pulled muscle

The suprascapular foramen is located in which bone?

Scapula

The suprascapular nerve and artery pass through ___________ to enter the suprascapular fossa.

Suprascapular notch

The suprascapular nerve primarily innervates which muscle?

Supraspinatus muscle

Which of the following injuries can cause compression of the suprascapular nerve as it passes through the suprascapular notch? a) Rotator cuff tear b) Tennis elbow c) Carpal tunnel syndrome d) Thoracic outlet syndrome

Thoracic outlet syndrome

The quadrangular space is located in the upper arm region of the body. True or false?

True

The quadrangular space is formed by which structures? a) Humerus, scapula, and clavicle b) Humerus, radius, and ulna c) Humerus, coracoid process, and acromion d) Humerus, teres major muscle, and teres minor muscle

Humerus, teres major muscle, and teres minor muscle

Which nerve and artery passes through the quadrangular space?

Axillary nerve Posterior circumflex humeral artery

The triangular space is formed by which structures? a) Humerus, scapula, and clavicle b) Humerus, radius, and ulna c) Humerus, coracoid process, and acromion d) Humerus, teres major muscle, and teres minor muscle

Humerus, scapula, and teres major muscle

Which artery, vein and nerve passes through the triangular space?

Subscapular artery Axillary vein Radial nerve

Between the teres major, long head of the triceps brachii and humerus is an interval called?

Triangular interval

__________ and ___________ pass through the triangular interval

Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

The pectoralis major is a large, fan-shaped muscle located in the chest. True or false?

True

Which two heads make up the pectoralis major muscle? a) Clavicular head and sternal head b) Deltoid head and trapezoid head c) Biceps head and triceps head d) Anterior head and posterior head

Clavicular head and sternal head

The pectoralis major is primarily responsible for extension and adduction of the arm. True or false?

False. The pectoralis major is primarily responsible for flexion and adduction of the arm.

The pectoralis major muscle has an attachment to which bone? a) Humerus b) Scapula c) femur d) Sternum

Sternum

Innervation of pectoralis major is?

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Which muscle is located deep to the pectoralis minor muscle? a) Serratus anterior b) Deltoid c) Trapezius d) Biceps brachii

Serratus anterior

What is the primary action of the pectoralis minor muscle?

Protraction and depression of the scapula

Pectoralis muscle is inserted at?

Coracoid process of scapula

Which nerve innervates the subclavius muscle? a) Long thoracic nerve b) Axillary nerve c) Radial nerve d) Subclavian nerve

Subclavian nerve

What is the primary action of the subclavius muscle?

Pulls clavicle medially to stabilize the sternoclavicular joint

____________ muscle is located inferior to the subclavius muscle?

Pectoralis major

Connective tissue that encloses the subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles is called?

Clavipectoral fascia

What is the primary function of the clavipectoral fascia? a) To attach the clavicle to the sternum b) To provide support to the axilla c) To separate the pectoral muscles from the subclavian artery d) To anchor the pectoralis minor muscle to the coracoid process

To anchor the pectoralis minor muscle to the coracoid process

The clavipectoral fascia attaches to which bone?

Clavicle

Which nerve innervates the serratus anterior muscle? a) Long thoracic nerve b) Axillary nerve c) Radial nerve d) Ulnar nerve

Long thoracic nerve

Protraction and depression of the scapula is the primary action of the serratus anterior muscle. True or false?

True

Define axilla?

Pyramidal space between neck and the arm (filled with adipose tissue)

What structures pass through the axilla? a) Arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatic vessels b) Bones and muscles c) Ligaments and tendons d) Respiratory and digestive organs

Arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

The axillary inlet is bounded by which structures? a) Clavicle, scapula, and ribs b) Ribs, sternum, and vertebral column c) Clavicle, first rib, and upper border of the scapula d) Upper border of the scapula, vertebral column, and sternum

Clavicle, first rib, and upper border of the scapula

The anterior wall of the axilla is formed by which muscle? a) Latissimus dorsi b) Serratus anterior c) Pectoralis major d) Trapezius

Pectoralis major

Which muscle forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

Subscapularis

The lateral wall of the axilla is formed by __________ bone?

Humerus

Which structure forms the medial wall of the axilla? a) Ribs b) Sternum c) Clavicle d) Upper border of the scapula

Ribs

Which one of the following is NOT the content of axilla? a) Axillary artery and vein b) Brachial plexus and major nerves c) Radial and ulnar arteries d) Proximal part of the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles

Radial and ulnar arteries

Which lymph nodes are found in the axilla?

Axillary lymph nodes