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Committee Exam 4 > Muscles of the Shoulder and Axilla > Flashcards

Muscles of the Shoulder and Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

The following does NOT form the framework of the shoulder.
A. Clavicle
B. Scapula
C. Proximal end of the humerus
D. Lateral end of 1st rib

A

Lateral end of 1st rib

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2
Q

The shoulder is the region of the upper limb attached to the trunk. True or false?

A

True

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3
Q

_____ and _____ are the superficial muscles of shoulder.

A

Trapezius and Deltoid

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4
Q

________ can NOT be palpated between the attachments of Trapezius and Deltoid
A. Scapula
B. Acromion
C. Heart
D. Clavicle

A

Heart

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5
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding the trapezius muscle?
a) It is located in the upper leg.
b) It is responsible for flexing the elbow joint.
c) It is a broad, flat muscle that covers the upper back and neck.
d) It is a part of the quadriceps muscle group.

A

It is a broad, flat muscle that covers the upper back and neck.

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6
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the trapezius muscle?
a) Shoulder elevation
b) Scapular adduction
c) Elbow extension
d) Neck extension

A

Elbow extension

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7
Q

Trapezius is a flat and triangular muscle. True or false?

A

True

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8
Q

Which nerve innervates the trapezius muscle?

A

Accessory nerve

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9
Q

Which of the following regions of the trapezius muscle is responsible for the upward rotation of the scapula?
a) Upper fibers
b) Middle fibers
c) Lower fibers
d) All of the above

A

Upper fibers

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10
Q

Which of the following stretches can be done to target the trapezius muscle?
a) Hamstring stretch
b) Quadriceps stretch
c) Chest stretch
d) Shoulder shrug stretch

A

Shoulder shrug stretch

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11
Q

Which of the following conditions is associated with the trapezius muscle?
a) Tennis elbow
b) Carpal tunnel syndrome
c) Rotator cuff tear
d) None of the above

A

None of the above

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12
Q

What is the function of lower fibers of trapezius?

A

Depress scapula

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13
Q

The abduction of humerus above horizontal (>90 degrees) is called?

A

Hyperabduction

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14
Q

Which muscle assists in rotating the scapula during hyperabduction?

A

Trapezius

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15
Q

The scapula and humerus move in 1:4 ratio. True or false?

A

False. 1:2 ratio

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16
Q

When the arm is abducted 180 degrees:
A. 60 degrees occurs by rotation of the scapula. 120 degrees by the humerus
B. 120 degrees occurs by rotation of the scapula. 60 degrees by the humerus
C. 90 degrees occurs by rotation of the scapula. 90 degrees by the humerus
D. 100 degrees occurs by rotation of the scapula. 80 degrees by the humerus

A

A. 60 degrees occurs by rotation of the scapula. 120 degrees by the humerus

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17
Q

What is the function of the trapezius muscle?
a) Flexes the elbow joint
b) Extends the knee joint
c) Elevates and retracts the scapula
d) Adducts the shoulder joint

A

Elevates and retracts the scapula

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18
Q

How can poor posture affect the trapezius muscle?
a) It can cause pain and stiffness in the upper back and neck.
b) It can lead to knee injuries.
c) It can cause hip flexor strains.
d) It has no effect on the trapezius muscle.

A

It can cause pain and stiffness in the upper back and neck

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19
Q

Which exercise would best strengthen the trapezius muscle?
a) Bicep curls
b) Squats
c) Pull-ups
d) Push-ups

A

Pull-ups

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20
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the deltoid muscle?
a) It is located in the lower back.
b) It is responsible for flexing the knee joint.
c) It is a triangular muscle that covers the shoulder joint.
d) It is a part of the quadriceps muscle group.

A

It is a triangular muscle that covers the shoulder joint

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21
Q

This is NOT the origin point for Deltoid:
A. Spine of the scapula
B. Acromion
C. 4th and 5th rib
D. Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

A

4th and 5th rib

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22
Q

Which part of the deltoid muscle is responsible for shoulder abduction?

A

All parts

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23
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the deltoid muscle?
a) Shoulder abduction
b) Shoulder flexion
c) Shoulder adduction
d) Shoulder extension

A

Shoulder adduction

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24
Q

Deltoid is innervated by ______ nerve

A

Axillary nerve

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25
Q

Deltoid is inserted at?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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26
Q

Deltoid abducts arm beyond initial 15o (abduction between 15o-90o). True or false?

A

True

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27
Q

Function of anterior fibers of deltoid?

A

flexing the arm

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28
Q

Function of posterior fibers of deltoid?

A

extending the arm

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29
Q

Where is the levator scapulae muscle located in the body?
a) Upper leg
b) Upper arm
c) Neck and shoulder
d) Lower back

A

Neck and shoulder

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30
Q

What is the function of the levator scapulae muscle?

A

To elevate the shoulder girdle

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31
Q

What movements are associated with the levator scapulae muscle?
a) Shoulder abduction
b) Shoulder adduction
c) Shoulder elevation
d) Shoulder extension

A

Shoulder elevation

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32
Q

By tilting the head to the opposite side, you stretch the levator scapulae muscle? True or false?

A

True

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33
Q

levator scapulae muscle is innervated by __________ and __________

A

Anterior rami of C3, C4 spinal nerves and Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

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34
Q

What is the function of the rhomboid minor muscle?

A

To retract the scapula

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35
Q

By extending the arm behind the body, you stretch the rhomboid minor muscle. True or false?

A

True

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36
Q

What movements are associated with the rhomboid minor muscle?
a) Shoulder abduction
b) Shoulder adduction
c) Scapular retraction
d) Scapular protraction

A

Scapular retraction

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37
Q

Rhomboid minor muscle is innervated by?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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38
Q

Rhomboid minor muscle is inserted at ________

A

Medial border of scapula

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39
Q

Rhomboid muscle is a:
A. Small rhomboid shaped muscle
B. Flat and triangular
C. Large and bulky
D. Small and triangular

A

Small rhomboid shaped muscle

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40
Q

Rhomboid major originates from _________

A

Spinous processes of T-II to T-V

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41
Q

Rhomboid major is inserted at?

A

Medial border of scapula between spine and inferior angle

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42
Q

What is the function of the rhomboid major muscle?
a) To retract the scapula
b) To elevate the shoulder girdle
c) To depress the shoulder girdle
d) To rotate the arm inward

A

To retract the scapula

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43
Q

Rhomboid major also depresses scapula. True or false?

A

False. Elevate scapula

44
Q

The Supraspinatus muscle is located in the _______________ of the scapula

A

supraspinous fossa

45
Q

Main function of supraspinatus is to abduct the arm and assist with medial rotation. True or false?

A

False. Lateral rotation

46
Q

Is supraspinatus one of the rotator cuff muscle?

A

Yes.

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the supraspinatus muscle?
a) Abduction of the arm
b) Adduction of the arm
c) Stabilization of the humeral head
d) Assisting with lateral rotation of the arm

A

Adduction of the arm

48
Q

Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus muscle?

A

Suprascapular nerve

49
Q

Which muscle works in opposition to the supraspinatus muscle during adduction of the arm?
a) Infraspinatus muscle
b) Teres minor muscle
c) Subscapularis muscle
d) Pectoralis major muscle

A

Pectoralis major muscle

50
Q

The infraspinatus muscle is located in which fossa of the scapula?

A

Infraspinous fossa

51
Q

The infraspinatus muscle is one of the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff. Which of the following is NOT one of the other three muscles?
a) Supraspinatus muscle
b) Teres minor muscle
c) Subscapularis muscle
d) Pectoralis major muscle

A

Pectoralis major muscle

52
Q

What is the main function of the infraspinatus muscle?
a) Abduction of the arm
b) Adduction of the arm
c) Stabilization of the humeral head
d) External rotation of the arm

A

External rotation of the arm

53
Q

___________ nerve innervates the infraspinatus muscle.

A

Suprascapular nerve

54
Q

Axillary nerve innervates the teres minor muscle. True or false?

A

True

55
Q

Which muscle is located inferior to the infraspinatus muscle and is also a part of the rotator cuff?
a) Subscapularis muscle
b) Teres minor muscle
c) Supraspinatus muscle
d) Biceps brachii muscle

A

Teres minor muscle

56
Q

What is the primary function of the teres minor muscle?

A

External rotation of the arm

57
Q

The teres minor muscle works in conjunction with which other muscle to externally rotate the arm?
a) Infraspinatus muscle
b) Subscapularis muscle
c) Supraspinatus muscle
d) Pectoralis major muscle

A

Infraspinatus muscle

58
Q

Which of the following injuries is commonly associated with the subscapularis muscle?
a) Rotator cuff tear
b) Tennis elbow
c) Frozen shoulder
d) Plantar fasciitis

A

Rotator cuff tear

59
Q

Origin of subscapularis muscle is?

A

Medial 2/3 of subscapular fossa

60
Q

Which nerve innervates the subscapularis muscle?

A

Upper (superior) and lower (inferior) subscapular nerves

61
Q

What is the primary function of the subscapularis muscle?
a) Abduction of the arm
b) Adduction of the arm
c) Medial rotation of the arm
d) External rotation of the arm

A

Medial rotation of the arm

62
Q

The rotator cuff is composed of how many muscles?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

A

4

63
Q

What is the primary function of the rotator cuff muscles?
a) Adduction of the arm
b) Abduction of the arm
c) Stabilization of the humeral head
d) Flexion of the arm

A

Stabilization of the humeral head

64
Q

Insertion of teres major is at?

A

Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus

65
Q

The teres major muscle is located on the posterior aspect of which bone?
a) Humerus
b) Scapula
c) Clavicle
d) Sternum

A

Humerus

66
Q

What is the primary function of the teres major muscle?

A

Adduction of the arm

67
Q

Which nerve innervates the teres major muscle?
a) Axillary nerve
b) Musculocutaneous nerve
c) Radial nerve
d) Inferior subscapular nerve

A

Inferior subscapular nerve

68
Q

The teres major muscle is often referred to as the “lat’s little helper” due to its synergistic action with which other muscle?
a) Infraspinatus muscle
b) Teres minor muscle
c) Latissimus dorsi muscle
d) Deltoid muscle

A

Latissimus dorsi muscle

69
Q

Which of the following injuries is commonly associated with the teres major muscle?
a) Rotator cuff tear
b) Tennis elbow
c) Pulled muscle
d) Plantar fasciitis

A

Pulled muscle

70
Q

The suprascapular foramen is located in which bone?

A

Scapula

71
Q

The suprascapular nerve and artery pass through ___________ to enter the suprascapular fossa.

A

Suprascapular notch

72
Q

The suprascapular nerve primarily innervates which muscle?

A

Supraspinatus muscle

73
Q

Which of the following injuries can cause compression of the suprascapular nerve as it passes through the suprascapular notch?
a) Rotator cuff tear
b) Tennis elbow
c) Carpal tunnel syndrome
d) Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome

74
Q

The quadrangular space is located in the upper arm region of the body. True or false?

A

True

75
Q

The quadrangular space is formed by which structures?
a) Humerus, scapula, and clavicle
b) Humerus, radius, and ulna
c) Humerus, coracoid process, and acromion
d) Humerus, teres major muscle, and teres minor muscle

A

Humerus, teres major muscle, and teres minor muscle

76
Q

Which nerve and artery passes through the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary nerve
Posterior circumflex humeral artery

77
Q

The triangular space is formed by which structures?
a) Humerus, scapula, and clavicle
b) Humerus, radius, and ulna
c) Humerus, coracoid process, and acromion
d) Humerus, teres major muscle, and teres minor muscle

A

Humerus, scapula, and teres major muscle

78
Q

Which artery, vein and nerve passes through the triangular space?

A

Subscapular artery
Axillary vein
Radial nerve

79
Q

Between the teres major, long head of the triceps brachii and humerus is an interval called?

A

Triangular interval

80
Q

__________ and ___________ pass through the triangular interval

A

Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

81
Q

The pectoralis major is a large, fan-shaped muscle located in the chest. True or false?

A

True

82
Q

Which two heads make up the pectoralis major muscle?
a) Clavicular head and sternal head
b) Deltoid head and trapezoid head
c) Biceps head and triceps head
d) Anterior head and posterior head

A

Clavicular head and sternal head

83
Q

The pectoralis major is primarily responsible for extension and adduction of the arm. True or false?

A

False. The pectoralis major is primarily responsible for flexion and adduction of the arm.

84
Q

The pectoralis major muscle has an attachment to which bone?
a) Humerus
b) Scapula
c) femur
d) Sternum

A

Sternum

85
Q

Innervation of pectoralis major is?

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

86
Q

Which muscle is located deep to the pectoralis minor muscle?
a) Serratus anterior
b) Deltoid
c) Trapezius
d) Biceps brachii

A

Serratus anterior

87
Q

What is the primary action of the pectoralis minor muscle?

A

Protraction and depression of the scapula

88
Q

Pectoralis muscle is inserted at?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

89
Q

Which nerve innervates the subclavius muscle?
a) Long thoracic nerve
b) Axillary nerve
c) Radial nerve
d) Subclavian nerve

A

Subclavian nerve

90
Q

What is the primary action of the subclavius muscle?

A

Pulls clavicle medially to stabilize the sternoclavicular joint

91
Q

____________ muscle is located inferior to the subclavius muscle?

A

Pectoralis major

92
Q

Connective tissue that encloses the subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles is called?

A

Clavipectoral fascia

93
Q

What is the primary function of the clavipectoral fascia?
a) To attach the clavicle to the sternum
b) To provide support to the axilla
c) To separate the pectoral muscles from the subclavian artery
d) To anchor the pectoralis minor muscle to the coracoid process

A

To anchor the pectoralis minor muscle to the coracoid process

94
Q

The clavipectoral fascia attaches to which bone?

A

Clavicle

95
Q

Which nerve innervates the serratus anterior muscle?
a) Long thoracic nerve
b) Axillary nerve
c) Radial nerve
d) Ulnar nerve

A

Long thoracic nerve

96
Q

Protraction and depression of the scapula is the primary action of the serratus anterior muscle. True or false?

A

True

97
Q

Define axilla?

A

Pyramidal space between neck and the arm (filled with adipose tissue)

98
Q

What structures pass through the axilla?
a) Arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatic vessels
b) Bones and muscles
c) Ligaments and tendons
d) Respiratory and digestive organs

A

Arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

99
Q

The axillary inlet is bounded by which structures?
a) Clavicle, scapula, and ribs
b) Ribs, sternum, and vertebral column
c) Clavicle, first rib, and upper border of the scapula
d) Upper border of the scapula, vertebral column, and sternum

A

Clavicle, first rib, and upper border of the scapula

100
Q

The anterior wall of the axilla is formed by which muscle?
a) Latissimus dorsi
b) Serratus anterior
c) Pectoralis major
d) Trapezius

A

Pectoralis major

101
Q

Which muscle forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

A

Subscapularis

102
Q

The lateral wall of the axilla is formed by __________ bone?

A

Humerus

103
Q

Which structure forms the medial wall of the axilla?
a) Ribs
b) Sternum
c) Clavicle
d) Upper border of the scapula

A

Ribs

104
Q

Which one of the following is NOT the content of axilla?
a) Axillary artery and vein
b) Brachial plexus and major nerves
c) Radial and ulnar arteries
d) Proximal part of the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles

A

Radial and ulnar arteries

105
Q

Which lymph nodes are found in the axilla?

A

Axillary lymph nodes

Committee Exam 4 (35 decks)

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