Muscles of Gluteal region, thigh, leg and foot Flashcards
What is the region present between the inguinal ligament and the knee joint?
thigh
thigh is divided into 3 compartments. name them.
anterior, medial and posterior compartment
thigh is the inferior part of the lower limb. true or false?
false. thigh is the superior part.
Posterior thigh is between gluteal skin fold and popliteal fossa. true or false?
true
The outer layer of the deep fascia of the thigh is called ————-.
fascia lata
read this statement about Fascia Lata:
Attaches to: pubic bone, the inguinal ligament, iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
Inferiorly, fascia lata continues with the deep fascia of the leg (crural fascia).
Only read.
Fascia lata attaches above to?
pubic bone, the inguinal ligament, iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
Fascia lata continues below as?
Fascia of the lef also known as crural fascia.
Fascia lata has one prominent aperture on the anterior aspect of the thigh called ———.
saphenous opening
Great saphenous vein passes from superficial fascia to connect with the femoral vein. true or false?
true.
Fascia lata is thickened laterally into a longitudinal band, called?
iliotibial tract
The thigh is divided into three compartments by structures known as?
a) fascia lata
b) intermuscular septa
c) linea aspera
intermuscular septa
intermuscular Septa extend between linea aspera of femur and fascia lata. read this line.
only read.
intermuscular Septa extend between ———- and ————–.
linea aspera of femur and fascia lata
Read the following statement regarding the 3 compartments of the thigh.
a) anterior compartment > extensors of the leg
b) posterior compartment > extensors of the thigh and flexors of the leg
c) medial compartment > adductors of the thigh.
read.
what do the muscles of the anterior compartment do?
extension of leg
what do the muscles of posterior compartment do?
flexion of leg and extension of thigh
what does the muscles of medial compartment do?
adductors of the thigh
what do the muscles of the medial compartment do?
adductors of the thigh
Read the following statement regarding the 3 compartments of the thigh.
a) anterior compartment > femoral nerve
b) posterior compartment > sciatic nerve
c) medial compartment > obturator nerve
just read.
anterior compartment is innervated by which nerve?
femoral nerve
posterior compartment is innervated by which nerve?
sciatic nerve
medial compartment is innervated by which nerve?
obturator nerve
what is femoral triangle?
Wedge-shaped depression formed by the muscles of the thigh.
what are the contents of femoral triangl?
femoral artery, vein, nerve and lymphatics
what is femoral canal?
medial most and smallest compartment of femoral triangle is called femoral canal.
what is the content of femoral canal?
femoral canal has lymphatic vessels
what are the contents of femoral sheath?
The femoral artery, vein and canal are contained within a fascial compartment – known as the femoral sheath
is femoral nerve a content of femoral sheath?
no
is femoral artery content of femoral canal?
no
The femoral canal contains:
Lymphatic vessels
Deep lymph node
Empty space.
Loose connective tissue.
Just read.
just read.
What are the 2 other names for adductor canal?
subsartorial canal, hunters canal
The Adductor canal extends from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus of the adductor magnus. read this statement carefully.
just read.
what are the contents of adductor canal?
femoral artery, femoral vein, the saphenous nerve
what structure forms the lateral border of adductor canal?
vastus medialis muscle
adductor canal extends from femoral triangle to the ————-
adductor hiatus
what is popliteal fossa?
The popliteal fossa is a diamond shaped area located on the posterior aspect of the knee. It is the main path by which vessels and nerves pass between the thigh and the leg.
Which muscle forms the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa?
semimembranosus
Which of the following is the deepest structure in the popliteal fossa?
popliteal artery
popliteal vein
tibial nerve
fibular nerve
popliteal artery
what is tarsal tunnel?
The tarsal tunnel is a fibro-osseous space located on the posteromedial aspect of the ankle.
It acts as a passageway for tendons, nerves and vessels to travel between the posterior leg and the foot.
what are the contents of the tarsal tunnel?
Tibialis posterior tendon
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Posterior tibial artery and vein
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus tendon
– The roof of the tarsal tunnel is formed by a flexor retinaculum extending from the ——— to the ————–.
medial malleolus to medial tubercle of calcaneus
which structure passes through the saphenous opening of the fascia lata?
great saphenous vein
Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris crosses the hip joint AND knee joint?
rectus femoris
What is the innervation of the psoas major muscle?
L1-L3 Spinal roots
Which of the following options MOST accurately describes the innervation to the short head of biceps femoris?
sciatic nerve
Which nerve innervates extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis?
deep fibular nerve
Which intrinsic muscle of the foot is innervated by the lateral plantar nerve?
abductor digiti minimi
what is the function of lumbricals of the foot?
flexion of metatarsophalangeal and extension of interphalangeal joints
what is the deep fascia of leg called?
crural fascia
what is the insertion point of gluteus Maximus?
gluteal tuberosity
A patient presents to ED with a stab wound to the buttock. Injury to the nerve to obturator internus is suspected. Which of the following muscles would be affected?
a) superior gemellus
b) inferior gemellus
superior gemellus
what is the nerve innervation of gluteus maximus?
inferior gluteal nerve
The gluteal region is ———— part between the iliac crest and gluteal fold
posterolateral part
Pelvic cavity is the space between ——- bones
hip bones
Pelvic cavity is the space between ——- bones
hip bones
Popliteal fossa is ———- to the knee joint
posterior
The pelvic cavity is the space between ——- bones
hip bones
A diamond-shaped depression formed by muscles of thigh and leg is called popliteal fossa. true or false?
true
————- is a pyramid-shaped depression formed by sartorius, adductor longus and inguinal ligament.
femoral triangle
Tarsal tunnel is a series of canals on the ——- side of the ankle
posteromedial side of ankle
What is saphenous opening or adductor hiatus?
Fascia lata has one prominent aperture on the anterior aspect of the thigh called saphenous opening.
Great saphenous vein passes from saphenous opening to connect with the renal vein. true or false?
false. it connects with femoral vein
what is iliotibial tract/band?
Fascia lata is thickened laterally into a longitudinal band, the iliotibial tract (iliotibial band)
Iliotibial tract splits:
ANTERIORLY: to enclose the tensor fasciae lata muscle
POSTERIORLY: to enclose the gluteus maximus muscle. read only.
read only.
Iliotibial tract splits:
ANTERIORLY: to enclose which muscle?
tensor fascia lata muscle
Iliotibial tract splits:
POSTERIORLY: to enclose which muscle?
gluteus maximus muscle
Tensor fasciae latae and gluteus maximus tense the iliotibial tract to:
1. extend the thigh and
2. prevent lateral displacement of the femur from the acetabulum. read only.
read only.
explain the function of tensor fascia lata, gluteus maximus and iliotibial tract.
xtend the thigh and prevent lateral displacement of the femur from the acetabulum
what are gluteal muscles?
The gluteal muscles are a superficial group of hip muscles that are situated in the gluteal region, overlying the posterior aspect of the pelvic girdle.
what are 3 groups of gluteal muscles?
gluteus maximus, medius and minimus
name the 3 gluteal lines?
anterior, posterior and inferior gluteal lines
where are gluteal lines located?
on ilium bone also called the hip bone
what are gluteal lines?
The gluteal lines are three curved lines outlined from three bony ridges on the exterior surface of the ilium in the gluteal region. They are the anterior gluteal line; the inferior gluteal line, and the posterior gluteal line
Origin of gluteus maximus?
posterior gluteal line
origin of gluteus medius?
(between anterior and posterior gluteal lines)
origin of gluteus and minimus?
between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
insertion of gluteus maximus?
Iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
insertion of gluteus medius and minimus?
greater trochanter of femur
what is nerve supply of gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve
what is nerve supply of gluteus minimus and medius?
Superior gluteal nerve
what is the function of gluteus muscles?
These muscles help stabilize the upper body and pelvis, aid in locomotion, and extend the hip and thigh
name the deep hip/gluteal muscles?
piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, obturator externus, and quadratus femoris.
what is the function of deep hip/gluteal muscles?
external rotation and abduction of the thigh; stabilizes head of femur
which is the largest gluteal muscle?
gluteus maximus
name the muscles of anterior compartment of the thigh?
Sartorius, quadriceps femoris, Pectineus,
name the muscles of medial compartment of thigh?
adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, adductor minimus, gracilis obturator externus
name the muscles of posterior compartment of thigh?
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
name the 4 muscles of quadriceps femoris muscles?
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis
name the compartments of leg?
anterior, lateral and posterior compartments
name the muscles of anterior compartment of leg?
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus
name the muscles of lateral compartment of leg?
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
name the superficial muscles of posterior compartment of leg?
gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus
name deep muscles of posterior compartment of leg?
popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
the sole of foot has how many layers of muscles in it?
4 layers
name muscles of 1st layer of foot?
abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi
name muscles of 2nd layer of foot?
quadratus plantae, lumbricals
name muscles of 3rd layer of foot?
flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi
name the muscles of 4th layer of foot?
plantar interossei (3 muscles)
dorsal interossei (4 muscles)
name the muscles of dorsum of foot?
extensor digitorum brevis
extensor hallucis brevis
