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Committee Exam 4 > Muscles of Gluteal region, thigh, leg and foot > Flashcards

Muscles of Gluteal region, thigh, leg and foot Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the region present between the inguinal ligament and the knee joint?

A

thigh

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2
Q

thigh is divided into 3 compartments. name them.

A

anterior, medial and posterior compartment

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3
Q

thigh is the inferior part of the lower limb. true or false?

A

false. thigh is the superior part.

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4
Q

Posterior thigh is between gluteal skin fold and popliteal fossa. true or false?

A

true

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5
Q

The outer layer of the deep fascia of the thigh is called ————-.

A

fascia lata

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6
Q

read this statement about Fascia Lata:
Attaches to: pubic bone, the inguinal ligament, iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
Inferiorly, fascia lata continues with the deep fascia of the leg (crural fascia).

A

Only read.

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7
Q

Fascia lata attaches above to?

A

pubic bone, the inguinal ligament, iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

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8
Q

Fascia lata continues below as?

A

Fascia of the lef also known as crural fascia.

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9
Q

Fascia lata has one prominent aperture on the anterior aspect of the thigh called ———.

A

saphenous opening

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10
Q

Great saphenous vein passes from superficial fascia to connect with the femoral vein. true or false?

A

true.

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11
Q

Fascia lata is thickened laterally into a longitudinal band, called?

A

iliotibial tract

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12
Q

The thigh is divided into three compartments by structures known as?
a) fascia lata
b) intermuscular septa
c) linea aspera

A

intermuscular septa

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13
Q

intermuscular Septa extend between linea aspera of femur and fascia lata. read this line.

A

only read.

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14
Q

intermuscular Septa extend between ———- and ————–.

A

linea aspera of femur and fascia lata

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15
Q

Read the following statement regarding the 3 compartments of the thigh.
a) anterior compartment > extensors of the leg
b) posterior compartment > extensors of the thigh and flexors of the leg
c) medial compartment > adductors of the thigh.

A

read.

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16
Q

what do the muscles of the anterior compartment do?

A

extension of leg

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17
Q

what do the muscles of posterior compartment do?

A

flexion of leg and extension of thigh

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18
Q

what does the muscles of medial compartment do?

A

adductors of the thigh

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19
Q

what do the muscles of the medial compartment do?

A

adductors of the thigh

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20
Q

Read the following statement regarding the 3 compartments of the thigh.
a) anterior compartment > femoral nerve
b) posterior compartment > sciatic nerve
c) medial compartment > obturator nerve

A

just read.

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21
Q

anterior compartment is innervated by which nerve?

A

femoral nerve

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22
Q

posterior compartment is innervated by which nerve?

A

sciatic nerve

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23
Q

medial compartment is innervated by which nerve?

A

obturator nerve

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24
Q

what is femoral triangle?

A

Wedge-shaped depression formed by the muscles of the thigh.

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25
Q

what are the contents of femoral triangl?

A

femoral artery, vein, nerve and lymphatics

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26
Q

what is femoral canal?

A

medial most and smallest compartment of femoral triangle is called femoral canal.

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27
Q

what is the content of femoral canal?

A

femoral canal has lymphatic vessels

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28
Q

what are the contents of femoral sheath?

A

The femoral artery, vein and canal are contained within a fascial compartment – known as the femoral sheath

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29
Q

is femoral nerve a content of femoral sheath?

A

no

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30
Q

is femoral artery content of femoral canal?

A

no

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31
Q

The femoral canal contains:

Lymphatic vessels
Deep lymph node
Empty space.
Loose connective tissue.

Just read.

A

just read.

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32
Q

What are the 2 other names for adductor canal?

A

subsartorial canal, hunters canal

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33
Q

The Adductor canal extends from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus of the adductor magnus. read this statement carefully.

A

just read.

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34
Q

what are the contents of adductor canal?

A

femoral artery, femoral vein, the saphenous nerve

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35
Q

what structure forms the lateral border of adductor canal?

A

vastus medialis muscle

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36
Q

adductor canal extends from femoral triangle to the ————-

A

adductor hiatus

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37
Q

what is popliteal fossa?

A

The popliteal fossa is a diamond shaped area located on the posterior aspect of the knee. It is the main path by which vessels and nerves pass between the thigh and the leg.

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38
Q

Which muscle forms the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa?

A

semimembranosus

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39
Q

Which of the following is the deepest structure in the popliteal fossa?
popliteal artery
popliteal vein
tibial nerve
fibular nerve

A

popliteal artery

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40
Q

what is tarsal tunnel?

A

The tarsal tunnel is a fibro-osseous space located on the posteromedial aspect of the ankle.
It acts as a passageway for tendons, nerves and vessels to travel between the posterior leg and the foot.

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41
Q

what are the contents of the tarsal tunnel?

A

Tibialis posterior tendon
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Posterior tibial artery and vein
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus tendon

42
Q

– The roof of the tarsal tunnel is formed by a flexor retinaculum extending from the ——— to the ————–.

A

medial malleolus to medial tubercle of calcaneus

43
Q

which structure passes through the saphenous opening of the fascia lata?

A

great saphenous vein

44
Q

Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris crosses the hip joint AND knee joint?

A

rectus femoris

45
Q

What is the innervation of the psoas major muscle?

A

L1-L3 Spinal roots

46
Q

Which of the following options MOST accurately describes the innervation to the short head of biceps femoris?

A

sciatic nerve

47
Q

Which nerve innervates extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis?

A

deep fibular nerve

48
Q

Which intrinsic muscle of the foot is innervated by the lateral plantar nerve?

A

abductor digiti minimi

49
Q

what is the function of lumbricals of the foot?

A

flexion of metatarsophalangeal and extension of interphalangeal joints

50
Q

what is the deep fascia of leg called?

A

crural fascia

51
Q

what is the insertion point of gluteus Maximus?

A

gluteal tuberosity

52
Q

A patient presents to ED with a stab wound to the buttock. Injury to the nerve to obturator internus is suspected. Which of the following muscles would be affected?
a) superior gemellus
b) inferior gemellus

A

superior gemellus

53
Q

what is the nerve innervation of gluteus maximus?

A

inferior gluteal nerve

54
Q

The gluteal region is ———— part between the iliac crest and gluteal fold

A

posterolateral part

55
Q

Pelvic cavity is the space between ——- bones

A

hip bones

56
Q

Pelvic cavity is the space between ——- bones

A

hip bones

57
Q

Popliteal fossa is ———- to the knee joint

A

posterior

58
Q

The pelvic cavity is the space between ——- bones

A

hip bones

59
Q

A diamond-shaped depression formed by muscles of thigh and leg is called popliteal fossa. true or false?

A

true

60
Q

————- is a pyramid-shaped depression formed by sartorius, adductor longus and inguinal ligament.

A

femoral triangle

61
Q

Tarsal tunnel is a series of canals on the ——- side of the ankle

A

posteromedial side of ankle

62
Q

What is saphenous opening or adductor hiatus?

A

Fascia lata has one prominent aperture on the anterior aspect of the thigh called saphenous opening.

63
Q

Great saphenous vein passes from saphenous opening to connect with the renal vein. true or false?

A

false. it connects with femoral vein

64
Q

what is iliotibial tract/band?

A

Fascia lata is thickened laterally into a longitudinal band, the iliotibial tract (iliotibial band)

65
Q

Iliotibial tract splits:
ANTERIORLY: to enclose the tensor fasciae lata muscle
POSTERIORLY: to enclose the gluteus maximus muscle. read only.

A

read only.

66
Q

Iliotibial tract splits:
ANTERIORLY: to enclose which muscle?

A

tensor fascia lata muscle

67
Q

Iliotibial tract splits:
POSTERIORLY: to enclose which muscle?

A

gluteus maximus muscle

68
Q

Tensor fasciae latae and gluteus maximus tense the iliotibial tract to:
1. extend the thigh and
2. prevent lateral displacement of the femur from the acetabulum. read only.

A

read only.

69
Q

explain the function of tensor fascia lata, gluteus maximus and iliotibial tract.

A

xtend the thigh and prevent lateral displacement of the femur from the acetabulum

70
Q

what are gluteal muscles?

A

The gluteal muscles are a superficial group of hip muscles that are situated in the gluteal region, overlying the posterior aspect of the pelvic girdle.

71
Q

what are 3 groups of gluteal muscles?

A

gluteus maximus, medius and minimus

72
Q

name the 3 gluteal lines?

A

anterior, posterior and inferior gluteal lines

73
Q

where are gluteal lines located?

A

on ilium bone also called the hip bone

74
Q

what are gluteal lines?

A

The gluteal lines are three curved lines outlined from three bony ridges on the exterior surface of the ilium in the gluteal region. They are the anterior gluteal line; the inferior gluteal line, and the posterior gluteal line

75
Q

Origin of gluteus maximus?

A

posterior gluteal line

76
Q

origin of gluteus medius?

A

(between anterior and posterior gluteal lines)

77
Q

origin of gluteus and minimus?

A

between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

78
Q

insertion of gluteus maximus?

A

Iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur

79
Q

insertion of gluteus medius and minimus?

A

greater trochanter of femur

80
Q

what is nerve supply of gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

81
Q

what is nerve supply of gluteus minimus and medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

82
Q

what is the function of gluteus muscles?

A

These muscles help stabilize the upper body and pelvis, aid in locomotion, and extend the hip and thigh

83
Q

name the deep hip/gluteal muscles?

A

piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, obturator externus, and quadratus femoris.

84
Q

what is the function of deep hip/gluteal muscles?

A

external rotation and abduction of the thigh; stabilizes head of femur

85
Q

which is the largest gluteal muscle?

A

gluteus maximus

86
Q

name the muscles of anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Sartorius, quadriceps femoris, Pectineus,

87
Q

name the muscles of medial compartment of thigh?

A

adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, adductor minimus, gracilis obturator externus

88
Q

name the muscles of posterior compartment of thigh?

A

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

89
Q

name the 4 muscles of quadriceps femoris muscles?

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

90
Q

name the compartments of leg?

A

anterior, lateral and posterior compartments

91
Q

name the muscles of anterior compartment of leg?

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus

92
Q

name the muscles of lateral compartment of leg?

A

fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

93
Q

name the superficial muscles of posterior compartment of leg?

A

gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus

94
Q

name deep muscles of posterior compartment of leg?

A

popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

95
Q

the sole of foot has how many layers of muscles in it?

A

4 layers

96
Q

name muscles of 1st layer of foot?

A

abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi

97
Q

name muscles of 2nd layer of foot?

A

quadratus plantae, lumbricals

98
Q

name muscles of 3rd layer of foot?

A

flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi

99
Q

name the muscles of 4th layer of foot?

A

plantar interossei (3 muscles)
dorsal interossei (4 muscles)

100
Q

name the muscles of dorsum of foot?

A

extensor digitorum brevis
extensor hallucis brevis

Committee Exam 4 (35 decks)

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