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Committee Exam 4 > Social psychology, psychological disorders and their therapies > Flashcards

Social psychology, psychological disorders and their therapies Flashcards

1
Q

how many pillars of psychology are there?

A

5

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2
Q

can you name the pillars of psychology?

A

biological, cognitive, developmental, social, mental and physical health

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3
Q

what are the 2 main takeaways from the concept of constructing social realities?

A

the way we present ourselves to other people is shaped
1. partly by our interactions with others,
2. as well as by our life experiences

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4
Q

what plays major key role in constructing social reality?

A

human interactions

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5
Q

race, money, countries and gender are all examples of?

A

social constructs

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6
Q

When is a person less likely to conform/obey?

a) When the group is unanimous/united
b) When the person feels incompetent
c) When the group cannot see how the person behaves
d) When the person admires the group

A

c

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7
Q

cocktail parties, football games, bar mitzvahs, political rallies, and even nations are examples of?

A

social realities

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8
Q

what do you mean by the term cognition?

A

ability to interpret information

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9
Q

what do you mean by social cognition?

A

the study of information processing in a social setting is referred to as social cognition

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10
Q

things like Perception, attention, memory and action planning in a social setting are all examples of?

A

social cognition

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11
Q

what do you mean by perception?

A

understanding

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12
Q

what do you mean by social perception?

A

understanding in a social setting

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13
Q

Facial expressions, tone of voice, hand gestures, and body position or movement are a few examples of ways people communicate without words. what are these in a psychological setting?

A

social perception

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14
Q

if I say something that offends you, and you roll your eyes in response, what will be this response called in psychology?

A

social perception

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15
Q

what do you mean by attribution?

A

the action of regarding something as being caused by a person or thing. giving credit when the credit is due

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16
Q

what is meant by attribution theory?

A

“Attribution theory deals with how the social perceiver uses information to arrive at causal explanations for events. It examines what information is gathered and how it is combined to form a causal judgment”

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17
Q

what are 2 types of attributions?

A

dispositional
situational

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18
Q

Maria’s car breaks down on the freeway. If she believes the breakdown happened because of her ignorance about cars, she is making ———— attribution. If she believes that the breakdown happened because her car is old, she is making an ————– attribution.

A

dispositional and situational

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19
Q

who gave the attribution theory?

A

FRITZ HEIDER

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20
Q

people can attribute outcomes to ability, effort, or luck. what is this called in psychology?

A

attribution theory

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21
Q

what is dispositional attribution?

A

due to internal causes

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22
Q

what is situational attribution?

A

due to external causes

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23
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error was studied by?

A

Lee ross

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24
Q

what is fundamental attribution error?

A

underestimate impact of situational factors and overestimate the impact of dispositional factors. in simple words, we incorrectly attribute a persons actions.

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25
Q

if you’ve ever chastised a “lazy employee” for being late to a meeting and then proceeded to make an excuse for being late yourself that same day, you’ve made which error?

A

fundamental attribution error

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26
Q

what is self serving bias?

A

when we attribute positive events and successes to our own character or actions, but blame negative results to external factors unrelated to our character.

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27
Q

what is behavioural confirmation?

A

a belief or expectation that an individual holds about a future event that manifests because the individual holds it.

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28
Q

I believe that I will do poorly on an exam even though I’m prepared for that exam. if i do infact perform poorly, that will be due to what in psychology?

A

self fulfilling prophecy

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29
Q

the process by which the actions of one person (the target) come to reinforce the expectations of another person (the perceiver) during the course of their social interaction. what is this called?

A

behavioural confirmation

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30
Q

A person learns that flattery or good manners can deflect anger in some people. this is self fulfilling prophecy or behavioral confirmation?

A

behavioral confirmation?

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31
Q

society defined pattern of behaviour is called

social role
rule
social norm

A

social role

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32
Q

behavioral guideline for acting in a certain way is called?

social role
rule
social norm

A

rule

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33
Q

expectation a group has for its members is called?

social role
rule
social norm

A

social norm

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34
Q

what is conformity?

A

tendency for an individual to align their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors with those of the people around them. in simple words, Conformity is a type of social influence involving a change in belief or behavior in order to fit in with a group.

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35
Q

guard and prisoner experiment is an example of which concept in psychology?

A

conformity

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36
Q

conformity can be based on 2 types of influences. what are they?

A

informative and normative influence

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37
Q

peer pressure is a type of conformity.
does it come under normative or informative influence?

A

normative influence

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38
Q

going along with the group because you think they will like you for it is called?

normative or informative influence?

A

normative influence

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39
Q

going along with the group because you think they more than you do is called?

normative or informative influence?

A

informative influence

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40
Q

who was solomon asch?

A

he did experimentation on conformity called the Asch experiment

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41
Q

what is group polarization?

A

group polarization refers to the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members

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42
Q

what are the 2 underlying processes in group polarization?

A

information influence
social comparison

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43
Q

—————- developed the concept of groupthink to explain the disordered decision-making process that occurs in groups whose members work together over an extended period of time.

A

irving janis

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44
Q

who performed the obedience experiment?

A

Milgram

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45
Q

participants were asked to deliver electrical shocks to a “learner” whenever an incorrect answer was given. In reality, the learner was actually a confederate in the experiment who pretended to be shocked. This experiment is called?

A

Milgram’s obedience experiment

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46
Q

what is prejudice?

A

negative bias towards someone

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47
Q

what is difference between racism and sexism?

A

discrimination on basis of race and discrimination on the basis of gender

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48
Q

what is implicit prejudice?

A

negative attitude, of which one is not consciously aware, against a specific social group

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49
Q

Robbers cave experiment was done by?

A

muzafar sherif

50
Q

contact hypothesis was given by?

A

elliot arranson

51
Q

The —————– experiment showed that hostility can arise between two groups in conflict and competition for scarce resources. In the case of the experiment, the scare resources were medals and prizes.

A

robbers cave experiment

52
Q

In psychology and other social sciences, the —————- hypothesis suggests that intergroup contact under appropriate conditions can effectively reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members.

A

contact hypothesis

53
Q

———– is when we act to promote someone else’s welfare, even at a risk or cost to ourselves

A

Altruism

54
Q

altruism that occurs between unrelated individuals when there will be repayment (or at least the promise of repayment) of the altruistic act in the future is called?

A

reciprocal altruism

55
Q

———————— is a social science model that predicts the likelihood of individuals (or groups) willing to actively address a situation they deem problematic. A bystander is anyone who observes a situation.

A

By stander intervention

56
Q

————– is the study of mental and social disorders and is also referred to as mental illness

A

psychopathology

57
Q

———————— is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotion, and thought, which could possibly be understood as a mental disorder.

A

abnormal psychology

58
Q

abnormal psychology consists of 2 things, name them.

A

underlying pathology
clinical behavior

59
Q

“The decision to declare someone psychologically disordered or abnormal is always a judgement about ——————

A

behaviour

60
Q

what are the diagnostic categories of psychopathology?

A

neurotic disorders
psychotic disorders
insanity

61
Q

what did Emil Krapelin study?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

62
Q

according to DSM, Axis 1 consists of?

A

clinical disorders

63
Q

according to DSM, Axis 2 consists of?

A

personality disorders and mental retardation

64
Q

according to DSM, Axis 3 consists of?

A

general medical conditions

65
Q

according to DSM, Axis 4 consists of?

A

psychosocial and environmental problems

66
Q

according to DSM, Axis 5 consists of?

A

global assessment of functioning

67
Q

what is comorbidity?

A

Experience of more than one disorder at the same time

68
Q

classify anxiety disorders

A

generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, OCD and various phobia-related disorders.

69
Q

acrophobia?

A

fear of heights

70
Q

aerophobia?

A

fear ff flying

71
Q

aquaphobia?

A

fear of water

72
Q

ailurophobia?

A

fear of cats

73
Q

cynophobia?

A

fear of dogs

74
Q

insectophobia?

A

fear of insects

75
Q

arachnophobia?

A

fear of spiders

76
Q

ophidiophobia?

A

fear of snakes

77
Q

rodentophobia?

A

fear of rodents

78
Q

brontophobia?

A

fear of storms

79
Q

hemophobia?

A

fear of blood

80
Q

belonephobia?

A

fear of needles

81
Q

claustrophobia?

A

fear of closed spaces

82
Q

siderodromophobia?

A

fear of railways

83
Q

—————————– is a common, chronic, and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (“obsessions”) and/or behaviors (“compulsions”) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.

A

OCD

84
Q

——————– is a disorder that develops in some people who have experienced a shocking, scary, or dangerous event. It is natural to feel afraid during and after a traumatic situation. Fear is a part of the body’s “fight-or-flight” response, which helps us avoid or respond to potential danger.

A

PTSD

85
Q

IN OCD there is increased cortical thickness. true or false?

A

TRUE

86
Q

Given below is a list of symptoms of a patient:
persistently low or depressed mood, anhedonia or decreased interest in pleasurable activities, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, lack of energy, poor concentration, appetite changes, psychomotor retardation or agitation, sleep disturbances, or suicidal thoughts.
what do you think he/she has?

A

major depressive disorder

87
Q

a person has alternate manic and depressive episodes, what does he/she have?

A

bipolar disorder

88
Q

———————— increases vulnerability to depression in women.

A

ruminative or deep thinking style

89
Q

physical illness or complaints that cannot be explained by proper medical conditions are called?

A

somatoform disorders

90
Q

What are the somatoform disorders?
Somatisation disorder.
Hypochondriasis.
Conversion disorder.
Body dysmorphic disorder.
Pain disorder.

A

read

91
Q

What are the somatoform disorders?

A

Somatisation disorder.
Hypochondriasis.
Conversion disorder.
Body dysmorphic disorder.
Pain disorder.

92
Q

People with this type are preoccupied with a concern they have a serious disease. They may believe that minor complaints are signs of very serious medical problems. For example, they may believe that a common headache is a sign of a brain tumor. what is this condition called?

A

hypochondriasis

93
Q

————————— are mental disorders that involve experiencing a disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions and identity

A

dissociative disorders

94
Q

given below are the 3 types of dissociative disorders.
depersonalisation-derealisation disorder.
dissociative amnesia.
dissociative identity disorder.

A

read

95
Q

what are the 3 types of dissociative disorders?

A

depersonalisation-derealisation disorder.
dissociative amnesia.
dissociative identity disorder.

96
Q

————————is a serious mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior that impairs daily functioning, and can be disabling

A

Schizophrenia

97
Q

what are the types of schizophrenia?

A

Paranoid schizophrenia. This is the most common type of schizophrenia. …
Catatonic schizophrenia. …
Undifferentiated schizophrenia. …
Residual schizophrenia. …
Simple schizophrenia. …

98
Q

which is the most common type of schizophrenia?

A

paranoid schizophrenia

99
Q

————————————- is a particularly challenging type of personality disorder characterised by impulsive, irresponsible and often criminal behaviour.

A

antisocial personality disorder

100
Q

————————- is a mental illness that severely impacts a person’s ability to manage their emotions. This loss of emotional control can increase impulsivity, affect how a person feels about themselves, and negatively impact their relationships with others.

A

borderline personality disorder

101
Q

what is autistic disorder?

A

a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain. People with ASD often have problems with social communication and interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests.

102
Q

name 3 eating disorders?

A

anorexia nervosa
bulimia nervosa
binge eating disorder

103
Q

insomnia?

A

chronic inability to sleep

104
Q

narcolepsy?

A

irresistible compulsion to sleep

105
Q

sleep apnea?

A

stop breathing while asleep

106
Q

somnambulism?

A

sleepwalking

107
Q

use of physiological treatments such as medications to treat psychological disorders is called?

A

biomedical therapy

108
Q

an approach for treating mental health issues by talking with a psychologist, psychiatrist or another mental health provider is called?

A

psychotherapy

109
Q

———————- reflects on the idea that human beings are born with instincts and tendencies that satisfy their needs.

A

Freudian Psychoanalysis

110
Q

————- is a type of therapy that helps clients understand how events in their past are negatively influencing their current thoughts, emotions, and behaviors

A

insight therapy

111
Q

———————- is a practice in psychoanalytic therapy. In this practice, a therapist asks a person in therapy to freely share thoughts, words, and anything else that comes to mind. The thoughts need not be coherent. But it may help if they are authentic.

A

free association

112
Q

the discharge of previously repressed affects connected to traumatic events that occurs when these events are brought back into consciousness and reexperienced is called
———————- in psychology.

A

catharsis

113
Q

harry stack sullivan gave ————- theory

A

Therapeutic theory

114
Q

————– contended the 2 fundamental organizing forces in psych are aggression and love

A

melanie klein

115
Q

——————- was the first to show the effectiveness of the counter conditioning process in her rabbit experiments.

A

Mary Cover Jones

116
Q

—————————- is a talking therapy that can help you manage your problems by changing the way you think and behave

A

cognitive behavioral therapy

117
Q

a therapy approach that focuses on managing irrational or unhealthy thoughts, emotions, and behaviors is called?

A

rational emotive therapy

118
Q

rational emotive therapy was given by?

A

albert ellis

119
Q

——————————- helps clients discover their own uniqueness through acquiring a greater awareness of themselves and the world around them. The therapist assists clients by teaching them to see their resistance so that they can have a more meaningful existence

A

Existential-humanistic psychotherapy

120
Q

what is gestalt therapy?

A

Gestalt therapy is a form of psychotherapy that is centered on increasing a person’s awareness, freedom, and self-direction

121
Q

client centered therapy?

A

form of psychotherapy is grounded in the idea that people are inherently motivated toward achieving positive psychological functioning.

Committee Exam 4 (35 decks)

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