Social psychology, psychological disorders and their therapies Flashcards
how many pillars of psychology are there?
5
can you name the pillars of psychology?
biological, cognitive, developmental, social, mental and physical health
what are the 2 main takeaways from the concept of constructing social realities?
the way we present ourselves to other people is shaped
1. partly by our interactions with others,
2. as well as by our life experiences
what plays major key role in constructing social reality?
human interactions
race, money, countries and gender are all examples of?
social constructs
When is a person less likely to conform/obey?
a) When the group is unanimous/united
b) When the person feels incompetent
c) When the group cannot see how the person behaves
d) When the person admires the group
c
cocktail parties, football games, bar mitzvahs, political rallies, and even nations are examples of?
social realities
what do you mean by the term cognition?
ability to interpret information
what do you mean by social cognition?
the study of information processing in a social setting is referred to as social cognition
things like Perception, attention, memory and action planning in a social setting are all examples of?
social cognition
what do you mean by perception?
understanding
what do you mean by social perception?
understanding in a social setting
Facial expressions, tone of voice, hand gestures, and body position or movement are a few examples of ways people communicate without words. what are these in a psychological setting?
social perception
if I say something that offends you, and you roll your eyes in response, what will be this response called in psychology?
social perception
what do you mean by attribution?
the action of regarding something as being caused by a person or thing. giving credit when the credit is due
what is meant by attribution theory?
“Attribution theory deals with how the social perceiver uses information to arrive at causal explanations for events. It examines what information is gathered and how it is combined to form a causal judgment”
what are 2 types of attributions?
dispositional
situational
Maria’s car breaks down on the freeway. If she believes the breakdown happened because of her ignorance about cars, she is making ———— attribution. If she believes that the breakdown happened because her car is old, she is making an ————– attribution.
dispositional and situational
who gave the attribution theory?
FRITZ HEIDER
people can attribute outcomes to ability, effort, or luck. what is this called in psychology?
attribution theory
what is dispositional attribution?
due to internal causes
what is situational attribution?
due to external causes
Fundamental Attribution Error was studied by?
Lee ross
what is fundamental attribution error?
underestimate impact of situational factors and overestimate the impact of dispositional factors. in simple words, we incorrectly attribute a persons actions.
if you’ve ever chastised a “lazy employee” for being late to a meeting and then proceeded to make an excuse for being late yourself that same day, you’ve made which error?
fundamental attribution error
what is self serving bias?
when we attribute positive events and successes to our own character or actions, but blame negative results to external factors unrelated to our character.
what is behavioural confirmation?
a belief or expectation that an individual holds about a future event that manifests because the individual holds it.
I believe that I will do poorly on an exam even though I’m prepared for that exam. if i do infact perform poorly, that will be due to what in psychology?
self fulfilling prophecy
the process by which the actions of one person (the target) come to reinforce the expectations of another person (the perceiver) during the course of their social interaction. what is this called?
behavioural confirmation
A person learns that flattery or good manners can deflect anger in some people. this is self fulfilling prophecy or behavioral confirmation?
behavioral confirmation?
society defined pattern of behaviour is called
social role
rule
social norm
social role
behavioral guideline for acting in a certain way is called?
social role
rule
social norm
rule
expectation a group has for its members is called?
social role
rule
social norm
social norm
what is conformity?
tendency for an individual to align their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors with those of the people around them. in simple words, Conformity is a type of social influence involving a change in belief or behavior in order to fit in with a group.
guard and prisoner experiment is an example of which concept in psychology?
conformity
conformity can be based on 2 types of influences. what are they?
informative and normative influence
peer pressure is a type of conformity.
does it come under normative or informative influence?
normative influence
going along with the group because you think they will like you for it is called?
normative or informative influence?
normative influence
going along with the group because you think they more than you do is called?
normative or informative influence?
informative influence
who was solomon asch?
he did experimentation on conformity called the Asch experiment
what is group polarization?
group polarization refers to the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members
what are the 2 underlying processes in group polarization?
information influence
social comparison
—————- developed the concept of groupthink to explain the disordered decision-making process that occurs in groups whose members work together over an extended period of time.
irving janis
who performed the obedience experiment?
Milgram
participants were asked to deliver electrical shocks to a “learner” whenever an incorrect answer was given. In reality, the learner was actually a confederate in the experiment who pretended to be shocked. This experiment is called?
Milgram’s obedience experiment
what is prejudice?
negative bias towards someone
what is difference between racism and sexism?
discrimination on basis of race and discrimination on the basis of gender
what is implicit prejudice?
negative attitude, of which one is not consciously aware, against a specific social group
Robbers cave experiment was done by?
muzafar sherif
contact hypothesis was given by?
elliot arranson
The —————– experiment showed that hostility can arise between two groups in conflict and competition for scarce resources. In the case of the experiment, the scare resources were medals and prizes.
robbers cave experiment
In psychology and other social sciences, the —————- hypothesis suggests that intergroup contact under appropriate conditions can effectively reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members.
contact hypothesis
———– is when we act to promote someone else’s welfare, even at a risk or cost to ourselves
Altruism
altruism that occurs between unrelated individuals when there will be repayment (or at least the promise of repayment) of the altruistic act in the future is called?
reciprocal altruism
———————— is a social science model that predicts the likelihood of individuals (or groups) willing to actively address a situation they deem problematic. A bystander is anyone who observes a situation.
By stander intervention
————– is the study of mental and social disorders and is also referred to as mental illness
psychopathology
———————— is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotion, and thought, which could possibly be understood as a mental disorder.
abnormal psychology
abnormal psychology consists of 2 things, name them.
underlying pathology
clinical behavior
“The decision to declare someone psychologically disordered or abnormal is always a judgement about ——————
behaviour
what are the diagnostic categories of psychopathology?
neurotic disorders
psychotic disorders
insanity
what did Emil Krapelin study?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
according to DSM, Axis 1 consists of?
clinical disorders
according to DSM, Axis 2 consists of?
personality disorders and mental retardation
according to DSM, Axis 3 consists of?
general medical conditions
according to DSM, Axis 4 consists of?
psychosocial and environmental problems
according to DSM, Axis 5 consists of?
global assessment of functioning
what is comorbidity?
Experience of more than one disorder at the same time
classify anxiety disorders
generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, OCD and various phobia-related disorders.
acrophobia?
fear of heights
aerophobia?
fear ff flying
aquaphobia?
fear of water
ailurophobia?
fear of cats
cynophobia?
fear of dogs
insectophobia?
fear of insects
arachnophobia?
fear of spiders
ophidiophobia?
fear of snakes
rodentophobia?
fear of rodents
brontophobia?
fear of storms
hemophobia?
fear of blood
belonephobia?
fear of needles
claustrophobia?
fear of closed spaces
siderodromophobia?
fear of railways
—————————– is a common, chronic, and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (“obsessions”) and/or behaviors (“compulsions”) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
OCD
——————– is a disorder that develops in some people who have experienced a shocking, scary, or dangerous event. It is natural to feel afraid during and after a traumatic situation. Fear is a part of the body’s “fight-or-flight” response, which helps us avoid or respond to potential danger.
PTSD
IN OCD there is increased cortical thickness. true or false?
TRUE
Given below is a list of symptoms of a patient:
persistently low or depressed mood, anhedonia or decreased interest in pleasurable activities, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, lack of energy, poor concentration, appetite changes, psychomotor retardation or agitation, sleep disturbances, or suicidal thoughts.
what do you think he/she has?
major depressive disorder
a person has alternate manic and depressive episodes, what does he/she have?
bipolar disorder
———————— increases vulnerability to depression in women.
ruminative or deep thinking style
physical illness or complaints that cannot be explained by proper medical conditions are called?
somatoform disorders
What are the somatoform disorders?
Somatisation disorder.
Hypochondriasis.
Conversion disorder.
Body dysmorphic disorder.
Pain disorder.
read
What are the somatoform disorders?
Somatisation disorder.
Hypochondriasis.
Conversion disorder.
Body dysmorphic disorder.
Pain disorder.
People with this type are preoccupied with a concern they have a serious disease. They may believe that minor complaints are signs of very serious medical problems. For example, they may believe that a common headache is a sign of a brain tumor. what is this condition called?
hypochondriasis
————————— are mental disorders that involve experiencing a disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions and identity
dissociative disorders
given below are the 3 types of dissociative disorders.
depersonalisation-derealisation disorder.
dissociative amnesia.
dissociative identity disorder.
read
what are the 3 types of dissociative disorders?
depersonalisation-derealisation disorder.
dissociative amnesia.
dissociative identity disorder.
————————is a serious mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior that impairs daily functioning, and can be disabling
Schizophrenia
what are the types of schizophrenia?
Paranoid schizophrenia. This is the most common type of schizophrenia. …
Catatonic schizophrenia. …
Undifferentiated schizophrenia. …
Residual schizophrenia. …
Simple schizophrenia. …
which is the most common type of schizophrenia?
paranoid schizophrenia
————————————- is a particularly challenging type of personality disorder characterised by impulsive, irresponsible and often criminal behaviour.
antisocial personality disorder
————————- is a mental illness that severely impacts a person’s ability to manage their emotions. This loss of emotional control can increase impulsivity, affect how a person feels about themselves, and negatively impact their relationships with others.
borderline personality disorder
what is autistic disorder?
a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain. People with ASD often have problems with social communication and interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests.
name 3 eating disorders?
anorexia nervosa
bulimia nervosa
binge eating disorder
insomnia?
chronic inability to sleep
narcolepsy?
irresistible compulsion to sleep
sleep apnea?
stop breathing while asleep
somnambulism?
sleepwalking
use of physiological treatments such as medications to treat psychological disorders is called?
biomedical therapy
an approach for treating mental health issues by talking with a psychologist, psychiatrist or another mental health provider is called?
psychotherapy
———————- reflects on the idea that human beings are born with instincts and tendencies that satisfy their needs.
Freudian Psychoanalysis
————- is a type of therapy that helps clients understand how events in their past are negatively influencing their current thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
insight therapy
———————- is a practice in psychoanalytic therapy. In this practice, a therapist asks a person in therapy to freely share thoughts, words, and anything else that comes to mind. The thoughts need not be coherent. But it may help if they are authentic.
free association
the discharge of previously repressed affects connected to traumatic events that occurs when these events are brought back into consciousness and reexperienced is called
———————- in psychology.
catharsis
harry stack sullivan gave ————- theory
Therapeutic theory
————– contended the 2 fundamental organizing forces in psych are aggression and love
melanie klein
——————- was the first to show the effectiveness of the counter conditioning process in her rabbit experiments.
Mary Cover Jones
—————————- is a talking therapy that can help you manage your problems by changing the way you think and behave
cognitive behavioral therapy
a therapy approach that focuses on managing irrational or unhealthy thoughts, emotions, and behaviors is called?
rational emotive therapy
rational emotive therapy was given by?
albert ellis
——————————- helps clients discover their own uniqueness through acquiring a greater awareness of themselves and the world around them. The therapist assists clients by teaching them to see their resistance so that they can have a more meaningful existence
Existential-humanistic psychotherapy
what is gestalt therapy?
Gestalt therapy is a form of psychotherapy that is centered on increasing a person’s awareness, freedom, and self-direction
client centered therapy?
form of psychotherapy is grounded in the idea that people are inherently motivated toward achieving positive psychological functioning.
