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Fall 22: micro > Test 2: retro > Flashcards

Test 2: retro Flashcards

1
Q

baltimore classification

A

positive sense RNA into negative sense DNA then added into host DNA

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2
Q

retrovirus are

A

enveloped, diploid linear positive sense ssRNA

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3
Q

retrovirus bring — into the cell with them

A

reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
integrase- helps put viral DNA into host chromosome
protease- cleaves
tRNA- primer for reverse transcription reaction

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4
Q

— which mediates insertion of viral DNA into host
chromosome

A

Integrase

retorovirus

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5
Q

— which cleaves specific sites within Gag and Gag-
Pol precursor protein

A

Protease

retrovirus

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6
Q

retrovirus has what three genes

A

gag
pol
env

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7
Q

— are found at the beginning and the end of the retrovirus gene

A

LTR- long terminal repeats

acts an enhancer and promoter- can accidently cause cancer by triggering the wrong gene

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8
Q

Gag protein creates

A

structural
matrix, capsid, nucleocapsid

retrovirus

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9
Q

Pol protein encodes for —

A

protease
reverse transcriptase (DNA polymerase and RNase H activity)
integrase

retrovirus

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10
Q

Env protein encodes for

A

surface glycoprotein
transmembrane protein

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11
Q

accessory genes in retroviruses help

A

promote viral expression
avoid host immune system

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

retrovirus binds to host cell by —

A

surface envelope proteins

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14
Q

retrovirus gets into host cell by

A

virus host cell membrane fusion

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15
Q

diploid ssRNA retrovirus becomes — inside the host cell

A

reserve transcriptase into dsDNA that will move into nucleus and integrase enzyme will insert dsDNA randomly into host genome

provirus

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16
Q

what is a retrovirus provirus?

A

diploid ssRNA will reverse transcriptase into dsDNA and be randomly added into the host genome with the help of integrase enzyme

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17
Q

transcription of retrovirus is by

A

host RNA polymerase II

retro first reverse transcriptase into dsDNA, integrase adds it to host DNA, then RNA polymerase comes in and makes viral mRNA

LTR at the beginning and end of the viral genome will help trigger the RNA polymerase to start its job

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18
Q

how does retrovirus get out of the cell

A

virion budding

host cell does not die!

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19
Q

protease helps retrovirus —

A

translation and viron assembly

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20
Q

surface encelope protein for retrovirus is —

A

host/species specific

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21
Q

because retrovirus are — they can be killed by disinfectants

A

enveloped

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22
Q

why are animals considered persistently infected for retoviruses

A

viral genome added into host genome- even if not shedding can not get rid of the provirus retroviral dsDNA

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23
Q

— in retrovirus has no proof reading and leads to high mutation

A

reverse transcriptase

takes diploid viral ssRNA into dsDNA

mutations make it hard for host to see virus

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24
Q

genetic transmission of retrovirus leads to

A

endogenous retovirus

part of the genome- passed to baby

25
Q

3 ways retroviruses can cause cancer

A

insertional mutagenesis
capture and expression of host proto-oncogene
direct coding of oncogenic proteins

26
Q

insertional mutagenesis of retrovirus cause cancer by

A

trigger the over expression of host proto-oncogenes leading to uncontrolled cell growth

LTR can effect genes that are close - cis- activation

tat can effect gene that are far away- trans-activation

27
Q

cis-activation of cellular oncogenes by retrovirus

A

LTR will trigger transcription of host proto-oncogene that is close by

28
Q

trans-activation of cellular oncogenes by retrovirus

A

accessory gene TAT is free floating transcriptional activator, will float around and activate host genes

29
Q

c-onc

A

(cellular oncogene, aka proto-oncogene), a normal gene
that is involved in cell growth and division of host cell

30
Q

v-onc

A

(viral oncogene), a cellular oncogene incorporated in the
viral genome

normal host gene is put into the viral genome- now has no controlling factors and will replicate with the virus

31
Q

many V-onc containing ciruses are — and require a replication competent — to provide missing viral proteins

A

replication defective (it is broken)

helper virus (helps restart the virus)

32
Q

— is replication incompetent and needs co infection with feline leukemia virus to replicate

A

Feline sarcoma virus

33
Q

Feline leukemia virus host are —

A

domestic and wild cats

34
Q

— is the loving virus and is spread by mutual grooming and fleas

A

Feline leukemia virus

retrovirus

35
Q

transmission of FeLV is by

A

mutual grooming and fleas

loving virus

retrovirus

36
Q

what version of FeLV cause anemia and immunosuppression

A

exogenous
FeLV-A

can mutate with endogenous FeLV to form FeLV-B that causes lymphoma

37
Q

FeLV-B

A

oncogenic- cause lymphoma in cats

caused by exogenous virus (FeLV-A- anemia and immunosuppression) mutates with endogenous virus and creates FeLV-B

retrovirus

38
Q

Feline sarcoma virus

A

host needs to be infected with FeLV for feline sarcoma virus to replicate (oncogene capture)

recombination of FeLB with host cell genome containing oncogenes

needs envelope glycoprotein from FeLV

old cats- solitary tumors
young cats- multifocal tumors

retrovirus

39
Q

—- is the fighting virus

A

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)

transmission in saliva, blood, transplacental

cause infection of lymphocytes, monocytes and loss of CD4 T cells

40
Q

how is FIV trasmitted

A

in saliva, blood; Biting: Virus is present in saliva,
fighting males, queen to kittens. Vertical: transplacental

Fight disease

retorvirus

41
Q

symptoms of FIV

A

chronic gingivitis, infection of lymphocytes, decreases T cell, lymphadenopathy, leukopenia

feline immunodeficiency virus

retrovirus

42
Q

is a cat is FIV positive on Snap test

A

possible infection
can be false positive from vaccine

43
Q

positive FeLV snap test

A

definite infection

but doesn’t tell A(anemia) or B(cancer)

retrovirus

44
Q

FIV or FeLV cause cancer

A

FeLV

FIV- cause immunofeficiency- lentivirus- decreased T cell count

45
Q

equine infectious anemia virus host are —

A

horses
donkeys, mules, zebra

46
Q

equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is spread by

A

blood born- horse flies

retrovirus

47
Q

Equine infectious anemia virus cause

A

lentivirus
infectes macrophages and then lymphocytes
fever, anemia, bloodstained feces
80% fatal
acute or chronic relapsing disease

retrovirus

48
Q

treatement for equine infectious anemia virus

A

NO treatment

must be isolated for life or culled

disease can be chronic relapsing disease with asymptomatic but persistent infection

retrovirus

49
Q

treatment for FeLV

A

vaccine

keep cats seperated- no grooming

50
Q

test for EIAV

A

coggins test
antigen- subjective interpretation

equine infectious anemia virus

retrovirus

51
Q

Caprine arthritis-encephalomyelitis (CAE) is caused by

A

infected milk

if you remove kids reduce infection rate by 90%

retrovirus in goats

52
Q

two syndromes caused by CAE

A

1) encephalomyelitis in kids 2-4 months of age, (paralyzed hind end)
2) arthritis in goats from about 12 months of age onward.

caprine arthritis-encephalomyelitis (CAE)

retrovirus

53
Q

bovine leukemia virus host are

A

cattle and water buffalo

deltaretrovirus

54
Q

transmission of bovine leukemia virus

A

through bodily fluids- blood and milk

deltaretrovirus

55
Q

symtoms of bovine leukemia virus

A

Most cases subclinical, 30%
eventually develop persistent lymphocytosis without clinical signs
* 1-3% Develop multicentric lymphosarcoma by 4-8 years of age

deltaretrovirus

56
Q

what retrovirus may lead to human breast cancer?

A

bovine leukemia virus

deltaretrovirus

57
Q

transmission of avian leukosis virus

A

horizontally
congenitally
genetically

alpharetrovirus

58
Q

symptoms of avian leukosis virus

A

Horizontal transmission often apathogenic, some develop leukemia
or lymphoma.- chronic viremia, tolerance, + leukemia

Congenital infection – high rates of shedding, develop various neoplastic conditions, no viremia, no leukemia

RSV

alpharetrovirus

Fall 22: micro (25 decks)

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