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Fall 22: micro > Test 2: OIB > Flashcards

Test 2: OIB Flashcards

1
Q

chlamydia is what type of bacteria?

A

obligate intracellular bacteria

(Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)

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2
Q

what drug for chlamydia

A

tetracycline

(Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)

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3
Q

chlamydia are unable to make ___

A

ATP
uses host machinery

(Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)

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4
Q

____ forms of chlamydia have virtually NO biochemical activity

A

Extracellular

(Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)

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5
Q

cell wall of chlamydia

A

gram - like
A cysteine-rich protein layer NOT thought to contain peptidoglycan.

(Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)

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6
Q

What is the chlamydia anomaly?

A
  • sensitive to penicillin which attacks peptidogylcan
  • they have the genes to make peptidogylcan- used for divison instead
  • have cysteine rich protein layer instead

(Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)

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7
Q

life cycle of chlamydia

A
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8
Q

elemental bodies are the —- form of chlamydia

A

infectious and metabolically inactive

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9
Q

—- are the infectious and metabolically inactive form of chlamydia

A

elemental body

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10
Q

chlaymdia elementary bodies are taken up by — cells via —

A

epithelial cells
endocytosis (heparin receptor)

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11
Q

EBs turn into —

A

reticulate bodies - non infectious form and develops once ATP is available

chlamydia

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12
Q

— are the non-infectious form of chlamydia that develop once — is available

A

reticulate body
ATP

found inside epithelial cells

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13
Q

reticular bodies undergo — to generate more RBs

A

binary fission

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14
Q

how does chlaymdia get out of the cell

A

RB regress into EBs
cell is lysed
EBs are released
cycle repeats

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15
Q

chlamydia infect what type of cells

A

epithelial cells

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16
Q

chlamydia

the — is metabolically inactive, but infectious
the — is metabolically active, but not infectious

A

elementary body
reticulate body

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17
Q

tetracycline in young animals cause

A

doxycycline → enamel hypoplasia

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18
Q

fluoroquinolones cause — in young animals

A

joint issues (cartilage defects)

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19
Q

chlamydia psittaci is also called — in humans
and —- in animals

A

psittacosis
parrot fever

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20
Q

Chlamydia psittaci can be spread by —

A

Transmission often by inhalation of
litter/feces’

EB in the epithelial cells of the GI tract are sloughed off in feces

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21
Q

clinical signs of Chlamydia psittaci

A

Clinical signs in birds: conjunctivitis, respiratory, unkempt, yellow-green droppings, innappetance, weight loss

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22
Q

what type of chamydia effect koala

A

chlamydia pneumoniae
Dirty Tail

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23
Q

Dirty tail is caused by — and presents with —

A

chlamydia pneumoniae
Koala
UTI, incontinence, blindness, URI, infertility

transmitted by respiratory and sexually

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24
Q

what are the two biovar of chlamydia pneumoniae

A

koala → dirty tail→ UTI, URI, infertility and blindness
Equine → URI

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25
Q

Chlamydia felis causes —

A

Conjunctivitis and URI
(particularly kittens)

Coinfection with FHV-1 or Mycoplasma

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26
Q

Chlamydia abortus effects —

A

ruminants

placentitis with cotyledonary necrosis

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27
Q

— is the agent of enzootic abortion of ewes

A

Chlamydia abortus

effects ruminants

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28
Q

Chlamydia pecorum effects —

A

ruminants

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29
Q

symptoms of Chlamydia pecorum

A

Polyarthritis
* Conjunctivitis
* Pneumonia
* Metritis/Abortion
* Encephalomyelitis

effects ruminants

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30
Q

— is the agent of Q(query) fever in humans

A

Coxiella burnetti

obligate intracellular bacteria- (Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)

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31
Q

what drug for Coxiella burnetii

A

tetracycline

(Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)

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32
Q

ruminant disease is caused by –

A

Coxiella burnetii

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33
Q

Coxiella burnetii causes —- in ruminants

A

URI
abortion →abortion storms

ruminant disease

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34
Q

massive abortion storms can be caused by

A

ruminant disease
Coxiella burnetii

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35
Q

Coxiella burnetii can be transmitted via — (often after
contact with aborted tissues).

A

inhalation or ingestion
tick bites?

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36
Q

Coxiella burnetii cause — symptoms in humans

A

Q fever
mild flu
endocarditis is chronic disease

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37
Q

—can also be spread by wind currents.

A

Coxiella burnetii

Q fever and ruminant disease (abortions)

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38
Q

life cycle of Coxiella burnetii

A

Q fever and ruminant disease (abortions)

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39
Q

— are the metabolically inactive form of coxiella burnetii

A

small cell variant→spore like stable in the environment

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40
Q

– are spore like, osmotically stable in the environment

A

small cell variant

Coxiella burnetii
Q fever and ruminant diease (abortion)

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41
Q

what type of cells fo Coxiella burnetti invade?

A

macrophage and monocytes

invade by phagocytosis

Q fever and ruminant disease (abortions)

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42
Q

how do SCV get into cells

A

phagocytosis by monocytes/macrophages

Coxiella burnetii - Q fever and ruminant disease (abortions)

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43
Q

when SCV fuse with the lysosome it becomes

A

large cell variant (LCV)

Coxiella burnetti

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44
Q

the — pH of the phagolysozome leads to SCV into LCV

A

low (4.5-5)

Coxiella burnetii - Q fever and ruminant disease (abortion)

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45
Q

what version of Coxiella burnetii replicates

A

large cell variant while inside the lysosome of the macropage

46
Q

how does Coxiella burnetii get realeased from the cell

A

LCV will replicate until the cell bursts
LCV will then convert back into SCV

47
Q

when does the conversion from LCV to SCV take place

A

in the environment after LCV replications causes macrophage to burst

Coxiella burnetii

48
Q

treatment for Coxiella brunetii

A

tetracycline
animals usually culled

Q fever and ruminant disease (abortion)

49
Q

2 bacteria from neorickettsia

A

N. helminthoaeca
N. risticii

50
Q

3 bacteria from Ehrlichia genera

A

E. canis
E. chaffeensis
E. ewingii

51
Q

3 bacteria from Anaplasma

A

A. platys
A. marginale
A. phagocytophilum

52
Q

Agent of Potomac Horse Fever (PHF)

A

Neorickettsia risticii

N. Helminthoeca-salmon, N. risticii-PHF

53
Q

two rickettsiaceae that effect horses

A

Neorickettsia risticii
Agent of Potomac Horse Fever (PHF)
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Formally Ehrlichia equi

54
Q

rickettsiaceae that effect ruminants

A

Anaplasma marginale
Agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis”

Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Agent of Tick-Borne Fever
(Limited to EUROPE)
Coxiella burnettii

55
Q

6 rickettsiaceae that effect dogs

A

Rickettsia rickettsii
Agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Neorickettsia helmonthoeca
Agent of Salmon Poisoning
Ehrlichia canis
Agent of Canine Monocytic Erlichiosis
Also occassionally Ehrlichia chaffeensis (more common in
humans)
Ehrlichia ewingii
Agent of Canine Granulocytic Erlichiosis
Anaplasma phagocytophilum Anaplasma platys

56
Q

— is the agent of Potomac Horse Fever (PHF)/Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis

A

Neorickettsia risticii

5-30% fatal
mayflies and snails intermediate hosts
macrophages

cause acute diarrhea

57
Q

Neorickettsia risticii cause

A

acute diarrhea
5-30% fatal
aka. Potomac Horse Fever (PHF)/Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis

attack macrophages

seasonal disease around water

horse flies, snails are intermediate hosts

58
Q

— are the intermediate hosts of Neorickettsia risticii

A

caddisflies, mayflies, and trematodes of snails

Potomac Horse Fever (PHF)/Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis- acute diarrhea

59
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is transmitted by —

A

Ixodes ticks

same tick that carries lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)

horses - Fever, depression, inappetance, leukopenia-
Dog- Granulocytic “ehrlichiosis”- fever, lameness
attack neutrophils

60
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum effects what animals

A

horses and dogs

spread by ixodes ticks

horse- Ehrlichia equi- FUO, leukopenia
Dog- Granulocytic “ehrlichiosis”- fever, lameness
attack neutophils

61
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum infect what type of cell

A

granulocytes

transmitted by tick

horse- Ehrlichia equi- FUO, leukopenia
Dog- Granulocytic “ehrlichiosis”- fever, lameness
attack neutrophils

62
Q

— infects granulocytes and cause fever, depression, inappetance and leukopenia

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

spread by ixodes ticks to horses and dogs

attack neutrophils

63
Q

— is the agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis”

A

Anaplasma marginale

64
Q

Anaplasma marginale cause —

A

Fever, anorexia, weight loss, then severe anemia.
will infect erythocytes (RBC) and cause immune response leading to RBC being eaten by macrophages

takes >5 weeks, 30-50% fatal

65
Q

Anaplasma marginale is transmitted by —

A

ticks
mechanical transmission by biting flies or comtaminated fomites such as needles or dehorning instruments

Agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis”

66
Q

what type of cell does Anaplasma marginale
infect

A

RBC
leads to severe anemia, fever and weight loss

grow in the morulae at margin of cell

Agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis”

67
Q

what response does the body have to Anaplasma marginale

A

infects RBC
cause anemia because macrophages eat RBC

Agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis”

68
Q
A

Anaplasma marginale

infect RBC- grow in margin

Agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis”

69
Q

how long is the incubation phase of Anaplasma marginale

A

5 weeks leads to fever, anorexia, weight loss, then severe anemia.

infects RBC

Agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis”

70
Q

Fever, anorexia, weight loss, then severe anemia are symptoms of —

A

Anaplasma marginale

Agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis” - infect RBC

71
Q

what cells do Neorickettsia risticii infect

A

macrophages and enterocytes of horses

Potomac Horse Fever (PHF)- diarrhea

72
Q

ixodes ticks transmit

A

lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)

Anaplasma phagocytophilum- fever and leukopenia in horses; fever and lameness in dogs

73
Q
A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

spread by ticks- infect granulocytes - neutophils, basophils

horse- Ehrlichia equi- FUO, leukopenia
Dog- Granulocytic “ehrlichiosis”- fever, lameness

74
Q

Agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

75
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii is spread by

76
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii effect what type of cells

A

endothelial cells

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

77
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii cause — symptoms

A

HIGH fever, cutaneous and mucosal lesions/edema

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

78
Q

what animals are the primary host of Rickettsia rickettsii

A

rodents

ticks carry disease to accidental/incidental host humans and dogs

79
Q

treatment for Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Doxycycline

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

80
Q

— is the agent of salmon poisoining

A

Neorickettsia helmonthoeca

attack macrophages

81
Q

aNeorickettsia helmonthoeca cause what symptoms

A

fever, depression, anorexia, diarrhea and lymphadenopathy, 50-90% fatality without treatment

attack macrophages
salmon posioning

82
Q

what is the reservoir for Neorickettsia helmonthoeca

A

salmon flukes

83
Q

how to transmit Neorickettsia helmonthoeca

A

eating fluke infected fish

will attack macrophages

salmon posioning
attack macrophage

84
Q

what cells will Neorickettsia helmonthoeca attack

A

macrophage

salmon poisoning

85
Q

Diagnosis can be supported by detection on fluke eggs in feces/detection of organism in LN aspirates.

A

Neorickettsia helmonthoeca

Salmon Poisoning

86
Q

Agent of Canine Monocytic Erlichiosis

A

Ehrlichia canis

87
Q

Ehrlichia chaffeensis is another name for

A

Ehrlichia canis

Agent of Canine Monocytic Erlichiosis

88
Q

Ehrlichia canis infects what cells

A

monocytes and macrophages

Canine Monocytic Erlichiosis

89
Q

Ehrlichia canis causes what symptoms

A

Fever, thrombocytopenia

Canine Monocytic Erlichiosis

90
Q
A

Ehrlichia canis

Canine Monocytic Erlichiosis
attack monocytes

91
Q

tropical canine pancytopenia is caused by

A

severe chronic disease of E. canis

fever, petechiae, oedema, potentially fatal

92
Q

Agent of Canine Granulocytic
Erlichiosis

A

Ehrlichia ewingii

attack neutrophils

93
Q

Ehrlichia ewingii cause what symptoms

A

polyarthritis,
fever, and thrombocytopenia

Agent of Canine Granulocytic Erlichiosis
attack neutrophils

94
Q
A

Ehrlichia ewingii

Agent of Canine Granulocytic Erlichiosis
attack neutrophils

95
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is trasmitted by

A

Ixodes ticks

lyme disease - (co-infection with Borrelia)

horse- Ehrlichia equi- FUO, leukopenia
Dog- Granulocytic “ehrlichiosis”- fever, lameness
attack neutrophils

96
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum cause what symptoms in dogs

A

horse- Ehrlichia equi- FUO, leukopenia
Dog- Granulocytic “ehrlichiosis”- fever, lameness

spread by ixodes ticks

attack neutrophils

97
Q

— is MOST common lab abnormality of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs

A

Decreased platelets

horse- Ehrlichia equi- FUO, leukopenia
Dog- Granulocytic “ehrlichiosis”- fever, lameness
attack neutrophils

98
Q

Anaplasma platys host is

99
Q

Anaplasma platys cause —- in dogs

A

decreased platelets

100
Q

what cells do Anaplasma platys infect

101
Q

which Ehrlichia are potentially fatal

A

Ehrlichia canis can lead to tropical canine pancytopenia
infect macrophages
cause fever and thrombocytopenia

ehrlichia ewingii- infect granulocytes- attack neutrophils- cause polyarthritis and thrombocytopenia

102
Q

why does a negative snap test not rule out disease

A

snap is for antibodies if acute disease will not have antibody formation yet

103
Q

4 ways to diagnosis richettsial diseases

A
  • detection of morula with confirmation by an expert (blood smear)
  • a 4-fold increase in the antibody titer within 4 weeks
  • a positive PCR test result using specific primers
  • isolation from blood (not done in animals)
104
Q

— are intracytoplasmic inclusions of rickettsial
organisms.

A

morula

see on blood smear

105
Q

what rickettsial attack monocytes

A

Ehrlichia canis

thrombocytopenia
chronic cases can lead to tropical canine pancytopenia- petechia, oedema, +/- fatal

106
Q

what rickettsial attack macrophages

A

Neorickettsia helmonthoeca
Neorickettsia risticii

N. H. - salmon poisioning- fever diarrhea, lymphadenopathy

N.R- potamac horse fever- diarrhea

107
Q

what rickettsial attack neutrophils (granulocytes)

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Ehrlichia ewingii

A.P- spread by Ixodes Tick
horse- FUO, leukopenia
dog- lameness, fever, decreased platelets

E.E- polyarthritis, fever, thrombocytopenia

108
Q

what rickettsial attack platelets

A

Anaplasma platys

decreased platelets

109
Q

what rickettsial attack RBC

A

anaplasma marginale

bovive anaplamosis- cause anemia

110
Q

what rickettsial attack endothelial cells

A

R. rickettsii

rocky mountain spotted fever- fever edema, hemorrhage

111
Q

The SNAP test (and other rapid diagnostics) detect ANTIBODIES to — and —

A

Ehrlichia and Anaplasma.

EVIDENCE OF EXPOSURE

E. canis- thrombocytopenia
chronic cases can lead to tropical canine pancytopenia- petechia, oedema, +/- fatal

E. ewingii- DOG- polyarthritis, fever, thrombocytopenia

A. phagocytophilum- spread by Ixodes Tick
horse- FUO, leukopenia
dog- lameness, fever, decreased platelets

A. platys- DOG- decreased platelets

112
Q

what drug to treat rickettsial diseases

A

doxycycline

Minocycline used for horses

Fall 22: micro (25 decks)

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