Test 2: DNA viruses Flashcards
class I viruses are
ds DNA virus
class II viruses are
ss(single stranded) DNA viruses
circoviridae
parvoviridae
class II ss DNA virus
papovaviridae
class I ds DNA
adenoviridae
class I ds DNA
has its own DNA polymerase
herpesviridae
class I ds DNA
poxviridae
class I ds DNA
asfarviridae
class I ds DNA
— serotype is the pathogenic circovidisae
PCV2
found in pigs
PCV1 is not pathogenic
circoviridae- smallest, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA
what do circoviridae look like
smallest 20-24 nm
non enveloped
icosahedral
ss circular DNA
how do circoviridae replicate
Replicates DNA in the nucleus of the infected cell and assembles capsid in the nucleus
circoviridae- smallest, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA
what genes make up circoviridae
two genes, 3 gene products
Rep and Rep’ (Rep’ is spliced form of Rep) needed for genome replication
Cap protein forms the capsid (single structural protein)
circoviridae- smallest, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA
— needed for
genome replication for circoviridae
Rep and Rep’
circoviridae- smallest, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA
— protein forms the capsid of cicoviridae
Cap protein
circoviridae- smallest, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA
— relies heavily on host (since only 3 gene products) Needs host cells to be rapidly dividing (S phase)
Circoviridae
circoviridae- smallest, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA
porcine circovirus cause
Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS)
Porcine Circovirus Associated Diseases (PCVAD)
caused by PCV2 serotype
circoviridae- smallest, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA
symptoms of Circovirus in pigs
wasting, resp. distress, enlargement of lymph nodes, diarrhea, paleness of skin, generalized lymphocyte depletion. rash
Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS)
Porcine Circovirus Associated Diseases (PCVAD)
circoviridae- smallest, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA
how to transmit PMWS
direct contact, with coinfection
Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome
porcine circovirus- PCV2
circoviridae- smallest, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA
regularly found in a population or area
endemic
widespread occurrence in a population or area at a particular time
epidemic
widespread replication affecting numerous individuals in numerous countries.
pandemic
Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) caused by porcine circovirus (PCV2)
circoviridae- smallest, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA
treatment for PCV2
vaccines
porcine circovirus
circoviridae- smallest, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA
human circoviruses
TT-Virus and TT-like Mini Virus (TLMV): >70% population, asymptomatic.
circoviridae- smallest, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA
3 groups of parvoviridae
Erythroviruses
Dependoviruses (adeno-associated virus or AAV)
Autonomous Parvoviruses (no helper needed)
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA
— causes slapped cheek syndrome
erythrovirus
type of parvoviridae
human parvovirus B19
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
dependoviruses are a subgroup of —
parvoviridae
adeno-associated virus (AAV)
need helper virus to survive
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
— is a receptor for feline and canine parvoviruses
Transferrin receptor (TfR)
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
what are the three capsid proteins for autonomous parvovirus
VP1
VP2- attachment protein
VP
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
are parvo viruses easy to get rid of?
no envelope= resistant to detergent
very stable in environment for 6-12 months
Inactivated by formalin, sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
platonic solid with 20 faces made of equilateral triangles. Icosahedra have 2-fold, 3-fold and 5-fold axes
icosahedron
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
where does replication of parvovirus occur
inside the nucleus of host cell
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
parvovirus use — to replicate
host DNA polymerase
negative sense DNA→use host DNA polymerase to make + sense dsDNA template. Use host RNA polymerase to make mRNA → proteins
proteins move back into nucleus to form viron
basic steps of parvovirus replication
- use host DNA polymerase to form + sense DNA
- use host RNA polymerase for mRNA
- proteins are formed in the cytoplasm and then move back into the nucleus
- proteins assemble into capsid with viral DNA inside
- virus released by cell lysis
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
Feline Parvovirus is also called
feline panleukopenia virus and feline distemper virus
Distinct from canine distemper (an RNA virus similar to measles)
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
prognosis for FPV
Prognosis is very poor (overall 33-50% survival rate), especially for very young kittens
Feline parvovirus
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
Feline parovirus symptoms
loss of appetite, fever, lethargy, vomiting,diarrhea leukopenia
respiratory and GI
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
where does FPV replicate in the host
pharyngeal lymphoid tissue then spreads to blood (leukopenia- will white blood cells) and other tissues
will spread to epithelial cells lining small intestine →diarrhea
Feline Parvovirus
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
how to spread FPV
spread by direct contact with infected cats, infected bedding, food dishes.
can be shed 6 months after infection
no envelope = very stable in environment
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
what does vaccine break mean
presence of maternal antibody can prevent
vaccine “take”
Feline parvovirus vaccine is time sensitive
—- was the previous parvovirus of canines – caused only mild disease in older animals - also called MVC (minute virus of canines)
CPV-1
canine parvovirus
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
where did CPV-2 come from
mutation in FPV (feline parvo virus)
CPV-2 did not infect cats
mutated again to 2a, 2b and 2c→2a and 2b can infect cats
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
Two mutations in — allowed FPV to use canine version of the Transferrin receptor (TfR) and infect canine cells. Became known as —
VP2 (capsid protein)
CPV2 (canine parvovirus)
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
CPV 2 caues —- in 4-8 weeks old dogs
Myocarditis in pups of 4-8 weeks of age
Sudden death without preceding clinical signs.
Extensive damage to myocardium.
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
CPV 2 caues —- in 8-12 weeks old dogs
leukopenia/enteritis
Vomiting can be severe ; bloody diarrhea
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
vaccination schedule for CPV
vaccinate at 2-3 week intervals, starting at 6-8 weeks to 16-20 weeks.
need to avoid maternal antibodies
PPV cause
SMEDI - Still birth, Mummification, Embryonic Death and Infertility
porcine parvovirus
Parvoviridae-small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ss circular DNA (classII)
papovaviridae are —
small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA (class I)
includes papilloma, polyoma, simian vaculating virus (SV40)
papovaviridae replicate genome in the — and capsids assemble in —
nucleus
nucleus
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA (class I)
how many genes does papillomavirus make
9
2 capsid(late): 1 major (L1) and 1 minor (L2)
7 early proteins: E6 and E7 used for cell trasformation
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA (class I)
the early genes in papillomavirus are for
DNA replication
E6 and E7 involved in cell transformation
early = before DNA replication
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
late papillomavirus proteins are used for
make structual components
L1( major) and L2( minor)→make capsid
late - made after DNA replication
early or late proteins are used for DNA replication
early
early or late proteins are used for strucural components
late
—- expressed alone can assemble into virus like particles (VLP’s)
L1
late protein made by the papillomavirus
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
Papillomavirus capsids assemble together even in the absence of genome. Formation of —-
Virus-like particles (VLP)
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
how do papillomavirus vaccines work?
papillomavirus L1 protein can form capsid without viral DNA
empty virus capsid will cause body to form antibody and protect host from HPV (human papilloma virus)
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
HPV vaccine recommended for children age —
11-12
vaccine made from empty capsid
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
HPV cause
cervical cancer
oral cancer
human papilloma virus vaccine uses L1 protein
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
what cells do papillomavirus attack
basal layer epidermal cell
will multiply as skin cells differentiates and keratinozed
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
papillomavirus DNA is maintained as a — in the host nucleus
episome
live in epidermal skill cells
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
how does papillomavirus cause cancer
circular viral DNA gets accidently added to the host linear DNA
E6 and E7 on the viral DNA inhibit tumor suppression →over growth of cells
no longer make virus, makes cancer instead
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
Overexpression of E6 and E7 lead to ___
cell proliferation, cancer
papilloma virus genome gets added to host DNA and cause cancer
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
papilloma virus in animals cause
warts
unlikely to cause cancer, like in humans
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
Bovine papilloma type 1,3,5 cause
fibropapillomas on head,
neck, teats
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
type 4 bovine papilloma virus cause
Papillomas of digestive tract often seen only postmortem. Sometimes lead to carcinomas
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
Equine papillomavirus is spread by
contact with other horses (young)
warts- that resolve on their own
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
Equine sarcoid is spread by
caused by Bovine papillomavirus type 1 and 2
contact- can spread cow to horse, and horse to horse
~ 70% occur in horses < 4 yrs old
do not regress
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
Equine sarcoid is caused by
Bovine papillomavirus type 1 and 2
<4 year old horses, spread cow to horse, horse to horse, do not regress
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
how to treat equine sarcoid
surgery and immunotherapy
caused by Bovine papillomavirus type 1 and 2, do not regress
<4 year old horses, spread cow to horse, then horse to horse
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
Feline PV causes —
Multiple, crusted, plaques
will regress
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
Canine PV cause
warts on oral mucosa, eyelids, mouth and muzzle of dogs
spread by direct and indirect contact
will regress
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
polyomaviruses capsids are made by
VP1, VP2, VP3
VP1- attaches to host cell receptor
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
SV40
simian vaculoating virus
large T antigen cause tumor by supressing p53 and RB
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
mouse polyomavirus cause —
subclinical infection in mice
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
Avian polyoma virus also called
Budgerigar Fledgling disease
Avian polyoma virus cause
copious shedding in young birds
can lead to systemic infection
Budgerigar Fledgling disease
papovaviridae- papilloma and polyoma - small, non enveloped, icosahedral, ds circular DNA virus (class I)
adenoviruses have —- project from vertices of icosahedral capsid
Fibers
(spikes)
attachment to cell surface receptors
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase
adenovirus cause — in humans
cold like symptoms
pink eye
severe respiratory disease in young or immune compromised people
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase
Adenovirus can cause — in people with reduced immune functions and/or pre-existing respiratory or cardiac conditions.
severe respiratory disease
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase (CAV-1(blue eye), CAV-2)
— are used for gene therapy
adenovirus
will package up modified DNA and carry it
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase
how does johnson and johnson vaccine work
adenovirus that was changed
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase
adenoviruses uses host RNA
polymerase, but—- DNA polymerase
makes its own
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase
Adenovirus makes two early genes — that stimulate cell into S phase to help with DNA replication
E1A and E1B
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase
E1A and E1B are oncogenes for — virus
adenovirus
will inactivate p53 and Rb leading to uncontrolled cell growth
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase
polyomarvirus makes —
adenovirus makes —
papillomarvirus make —
that inhibits RB
large T
E1A
E7
non enveloped, icosahedral, ds DNA virus (class I)
polyomarvirus makes —
adenovirus makes —
papillomarvirus make —
that inhibits p53
Large T
E1B
E6
p53 stops and tries to fix cell
all these are non enveloped, icosahedral, ds DNA virus (class I)
— cause infectious canine hepatitis, severe
generalized disease
Canine adenovirus type 1
hepatitis blue eyes
young dogs susceptible
spread oral fecal
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase
hepatitis blue eyes is caused by
canine adenovirus type 1
oral fecal route
puppies
target liver
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase
animals that recover from CAV-1 with have—
lifelong immunity
canine adenovirus - infectious hepatitis, blue eyes, generalized disease
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase
canine adenovirus type 1 targets the liver and virus persists in kidney, so —-spreads virus
urine, feces and saliva
young dogs
blue eye hepatitis
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase
—– cause liver swelling, cell damage, hemorrhages and often death due to shock
canine adenovirus type 1
blue eye hepatitis
yound dogs
spread fecal, urine, saliva
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase
egg drop is caused by
adenovirus
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase
CAV-2 is spread by —
aerosal transmission
Canine adenovirus- cause respiratory disease- kennel cough
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase
egg drop syndrome is caused by
adenovirus
inflammatory lesions in oviduct
adenovirus - small (70-90nm), non enveloped, icosahedral, spikes, ds linear DNA virus 36Kb (class I), has its own DNA polymerase
herpesviruses are — shaped
enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
—- are a hallmark of Herpesviridae
Latent infections
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
alphaherpesvirus such as — will grow —
HSV-1 - cold sore- trigeminal ganglia in the head
**HSV-2 **sexually transmitted
VZV- chicken pox- ganglia throughout the body
in neural tissue
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
cytomegaloviruses are —
betaherpes
grow slowly
latency in salivary glands, kidney and lymphocytes
CMV
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
— type of herpes has latency in sensory neurons
alpha
HSV-1 cold sore, VZV- chicken pox
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
—- type of herpes has latency in salivary glands, kidneys and lymphocytes
beta
CMV (cytomegalovirus)
grows slowly
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
what type of herpes has lactency in the lymphoid cells
gamma
EBV- mono
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
egress system of herpes virus
exocytosis- complex process that does not kill host cell
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
herpes replication cycle
envelope fuses with plasma membrane
staggered gene expression: early DNA replication, late structural proteins
assembly of capsid in the nucleus of host cell
exocytosis without killing the host cell
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
— is a lifelong phase of the herpes infection
Latency
stress with reactivate virus
Upon entering the neuron of sensory ganglia (non dividing cell), the virus does not initiate replication (lytic cycle) replicate but goes latent with no or very few genes being expressed and not virus produced
EEHV effect
elephants
killer virus
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
Equine herpesvirus 1 cause
respiratory disease
abortions
neurologic symptoms →Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy (EHM)
(abnormal gait, hind limb paralysis)
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
vaccines for herpes will
reduce severity of disease but not prevent infection
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
Equine herpes Myeloencephalopathy is caused by
Equine herpes virus 1
cause abnormal gait, hind limb paralysis
EHV1 also causes URI and abortion
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
bovine herpes virus 1 is also called —-
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
cause respiratory disease, conjunctivitis, abortions
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
BHV1 is spread by
droplet, genitals
cause respiratory disease, conjunctivities, abortion in cows
also called infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
— Virus latent in trigeminal or sciatic ganglia.
bovine herpes virus 1
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV)
cause respiratory disease, conjunctivitis, abortions
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
Aujeszky’s disease is caused by —
pseudorabies virus
(type of herpes virus)
spread from pigs to cats, dogs and cows
severe in young animals (100% death)
moderate in animals 6-8 months
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
— type of herpes is severe in young animals, 100% death. Less severe in animals >6-8 months
pseudorabies virus
Aujeszky’s disease
herpes that infect pigs and can be transmitted to cows, dogs and cats
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
symptoms of pseudorabies virus
Acute resp. disease, encephalitis
* Neurologic signs resemble rabies
* Pregnant animals may abort
spread by saliva and nasal secretions
primary host pig →dog, cat, cow
Aujeszky’s disease - herpes virus
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
Canine herpesvirus 1 is spread by
direct contact -virus shed from infected older animals that harbor
latent virus; or in neonates during birth
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
— is the leading cause of death in puppies
canine herpes virus 1
Death most common in neonates or in first 2-3 weeks after birth; Acute disease. Begins in pharynx and tonsils, viremia, spread to all organs including CNS, kidneys, etc. Incubation: about 1 week to symptoms.
Feline herpesvirus cause
respiratory infection
eye infection→ can cause blindness
latency in trigeminal ganglion
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
Feline herpes virus has latency —
in the trigeminal ganglion
leads to eye issues - blindness
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
feline herpes virus is passed by —
direct contact
80% of cats are carriers
cause URI and eye issues
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
ILTV cause
respiratory infection in chickens of all ages
Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis (Gallid herpes virus 1)
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV)
alphaherpesvirus even though it causes tumors
Lymphoproliferative disease of chickens
older birds get neuro symptoms and generalized symptoms such as diarrhea
spread by free virus in dander
herpes- complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), linear in virion, circular in host, icosahedral capsid
Lymphoproliferative disease of chickens is caused by
Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) it is an alphaherpesvirus even though it causes tumors
neuro and generalized symptoms
vaccinate eggs
what disease do we vaccinate eggs for
Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) it is an alphaherpesvirus even though it causes tumors (Lymphoproliferative disease of chickens)
— effect gills of koi fish
Koi herpesvirus
alpha herpes
Gill necrosis, superficial hemorrhage, enlargement of kidney and liver
poxviruses are —-
large complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), brick shaped, stable in environment
— virus are stable in the environment even though they are enveloped
poxviruses
poxvirus- large complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), brick shaped, stable in environment
two human host poxviruses
smallpox
molluscum contagiosum
poxvirus- large, complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), brick shaped, stable in environement
where does poxvirus replicate
in the cytoplasm
different from other DNA viruses
have their own DNA and RNA polymerase
poxvirus- large, complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), brick shaped, stable in environement, have their own DNA and RNA polymerase
—- have their own DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase and can replicate in the host cytoplasm
poxvirus
poxvirus- large, complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), brick shaped, stable in environement, have their own DNA and RNA polymerase
Poxvirus have —- gene products also include proteins for immune evasion: Lots of immune evasion genes
Early
poxvirus- large, complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), brick shaped, stable in environement, have their own DNA and RNA polymerase
two forms of poxvirus
Single enveloped form
– transmission to new host
Double enveloped form
– dissemination in the host.
poxvirus- large, complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), brick shaped, stable in environement, have their own DNA and RNA polymerase
— is used to vaccinate against small pox and monkey pox
vaccinia virus
unknown origin - cow pox?
poxvirus- large, complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), brick shaped, stable in environement, have their own DNA and RNA polymerase
— is poxvirus that effect sheep and goats
Orf virus
poxvirus- large, complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), brick shaped, stable in environement, have their own DNA and RNA polymerase
—- is the pox virus that effects rabbits
Myxomavirus (myxomatosis)
do not infect humans
poxvirus- large, complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), brick shaped, stable in environement, have their own DNA and RNA polymerase
the reservoir of monkeypox are
wild rodents
spread by contact
poxvirus- large, complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), brick shaped, stable in environement, have their own DNA and RNA polymerase
—- is the reservoir for cowpox
wild rodent
can infect cats and humans
orf virus causes — symptoms
Lesions on lips, muzzle, feet, genitalia and teats
can be spread to humans
poxvirus found in young goats and sheep
poxvirus- large, complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), brick shaped, stable in environement, have their own DNA and RNA polymerase
two types of fowlpox
drypox- mechanically transmitted- papules on face and comb- heal in 3 weeks
**wetpox- **aerosol transmission- generalized infection, lesions on lesion, can cause asphxiation, life long immunity
poxvirus- large, complex, enveloped, ds DNA virus (class I), brick shaped, stable in environement, have their own DNA and RNA polymerase
Drypox is spread by — and cause —
mechanically transmitted- papules on face and comb
heal in 3 weeks
type of fowl pox
wetpox is caused by —
fowl pox
aerosol transmission
lesion in throat
—- virus natural reservoir host (cottontail rabbits), it causes
benign skin tumors
myxoma virus
type of rabbit pox
myoxoma virus cause — symptoms
generalized disease
lethal in european rabbits
spread by mosquitoes and fleas
rabbit pox
ASFV
african swine fever virus
ASFARVIRIDAE
asfarviridae- large, enveloped (lipid envelope, icosahedral capsid, 2nd lipid membrane), ds DNA virus (class I),very stable in environement, replicate in cytoplasm like pox virus
where does asfarviridae replicate
in cytoplasm like pox virus
asfarviridae- large, enveloped (lipid envelope, icosahedral capsid, 2nd lipid membrane), ds DNA virus (class I),very stable in environement, replicate in cytoplasm like pox virus
2 life cycles of African swine fever virus
sylvatic cycle - pig→tick→wild boar →pig
domestic cyle
pig to pig
asfarviridae- large, enveloped (lipid envelope, icosahedral capsid, 2nd lipid membrane), ds DNA virus (class I),very stable in environement, replicate in cytoplasm like pox virus
sylvatic transmission of african swine fever
asfarviridae- large, enveloped (lipid envelope, icosahedral capsid, 2nd lipid membrane), ds DNA virus (class I),very stable in environement, replicate in cytoplasm like pox virus
human circoviruses
TT virus
TTlike Mini Virus- TLMV
>70% population, asymptomatic
