Test 1: pasteruella Flashcards
____ stain classically bipolar
pasteurella
and plague → Yersinia pestis
Pasteurella grow in what conditions
facultative anaerobes
makes ATP by aerobic respiration if O2 is present… but can switch to fermentation if O2 absent
Pasteurella multocida is a commensal bacteria that is spread by ___
sneezing, coughing, respiratory droplets
found in the mucosa (nasopharynx)
Pasteurella multocida cause ___ in cattle
hemorrhagic septicemia/sepsis
where can you find Pasteurella multocida
outside the US
southeat asia and africa
Pasteurella multocida is a ___ pathogen
opportunist
normal commensal that can become pathogenic
fowl cholera is caused by ___
Pasteurella multocida
Fowl cholera will have what symptoms?
caused by Pasteurella multocida
respiratory infection, facial, ear, wattles, feet and joint swelling
Abscesses in humans post bites are most often caused by ___
Pasteurella multocida → cause lymphadenitis, cellulitis and sepsis
what are the virulence factors of Pasturella multocida
P. multocida toxin → exotoxin → cause bone loss: inhibit osteoblast and activates osteoclasts→ similar to Bordetella brochispetica toxin
capsule
LPS → endotoxin
Adhesion → fimbriae and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) allow bacteria to survive within macrophages and permit colonization of upper respiratory tract
Pasteurella multocida toxin has synergism with ___ toxin
Bordetella bronchiseptica
cause bone loss: inhibits osteoblast activity & differentiation,
activates osteoclasts
cause actin rearrangment
P. multocida on a plate will be blood agar ___, mcconkey ___ and hemolysis ___
+
-
-
what kind of treatment for P. multocida
most antibiotics will work
vaccine: serotype-specific bacterins
Mannheimia haemolutica causes ___ in young cattle
shipping fever
(previously called Pasteurella)
what animals are the reservoirs for mannheimia haemolytica
asymptomatic carriers (adult animals) → ruminants
mannheimia haemolytica effect what kind of animals
ruminants → cattle, sheep and goats
____ is the most frequently isolated bacteria from pneumonic lungs in cattle
mannheimia haemolytica
(shipping fever)
Mannheimia haemolytica cause ___ in cattle, ____ in lambs, ___ in fowls and ___ in ewes
shipping fever (young calves)
pneumonia and sepsis
pneumonia, salpingitis and sepsis
mastitis → blue bag
blue bag mastitis is caused by ___ in what animals
Mannheimia haemolytica
ewes
young animals will form ___
older animals with Mannheimia haemolytica will form ___
hemorrhagic lungs
multifocal abcessation
Virulence factors of Mannheimia haemolytica
Leukotoxin → hemolysin and cytotoxin
LPS
capsule
fimbriae
membrane protein binds to ruminant transferrin/iron
treatment for mannheimia haemolytica
Florfenicol → need to test for resistance
vaccine: attenuated or subunit vaccine (bacterins)
Haemophilus is a gram ___, that grows in ___
small gram negative bacilli
facultative anaerobe
Haemophilus influenzae causes ___ in humans
meningitis
___ have LOS instead of LPS
haemophilus
(lipo-oligosaccharide)
Haemophilus require ____ or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
___
hemin (factor X)
(factor V)
Glaesserella parasuis reservoir is ___
normal mucosa in pigs
(previously a Haemophilus→ LOS instead of LPS)
Glasser’s disease is caused by ___
Glaesserella parasuis
(Haemophilus)
Glasser’s disease symptoms
2 week-3 month old pigs
lower respiratory tract infection
Fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, meningitis, sepsis
Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis
Glaesserella parasuis can be treated with
penicillin
Avibacterium paragallinarum causes ___
infectious coryza of chickens and decreased egg production, upper respiratory infection
____ cause infectious coryza of chickens and decreased egg production, upper respiratory infection
Avibacterium paragallinarum
(Haemophilus→ LOS, require hemin and NAD)
Histophilus somni reservoir are ___
cattle asymptomatic carriers (found in mucosa → genital and respiratory
Histophilus somni will cause ___ in cows
respiratory tract infection (mixed infection with viruses, pasteurella)
endometritis and abortion
Histophilus somni will cause ___ in sheep and ___ in lambs ___ in cows
reproductive problems → epididymitis, mastitis
sepsis
URI → TME- thrombembolic meningoencephalitis
cattle asy. carriers
(Haemophilus somnus → LOS)
TME in cattle
caused by Histophilus somni (Haemophilus somnus)
infectious thrombembolic meningoencephalitis
Bacterial invasion of the respiratory tract → Bacteremia; damage to the vascular endothelium, platelet aggregation, coagulation, thrombosis → Arthritis and respiratory symptoms
URI → bacteria gets into blood and cause clot → embolisms
Histophilus somni virulence factors
surface proteins bind to bovine transferrin/iron
LOS → can change shape to avoid host immune system
Fc receptors → anti-phagocytic effects, inhibits binding of opsonized bacteria
resist neutrophils → inhibit respiratory burst
cause TME (infectious thrombembolic meningoencephalitis)
culture of H. somni requires
thiamin pyrophosphate, capnophilic
Unlike Haemophilus don’t require factors X (hemin) or V (NAD)
how to treat H. somni
penicillin
bacterin vaccine
Histophilus somni → endometritis, abortion in cows and thrombembolic meningoencephalitis (TME)
Actinobacillus has a ___ like morpholgy
pasteurella
what gram - is urease +
actinobacillus
actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae will cause ___ in pigs
Hemorrhagic necrotizing pneumonia, fibrinous pleuritis
pigs under 6 months old
what are the reservoir for actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
chronic subclinical carriers (pigs)
found in the respiratory tract and tonsils
actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is spread by ___
aerosol
high morbidity
survivors will have chronic pneumonia and can give bacteria to piglets
three symptoms of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
causes lung lesions (necrosis)
fibrinous pleuritis
interlobular edema
(pig disease→ Hemorrhagic necrotizing pneumonia, fibrinous pleuritis )
virulence factors of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
capsule
LPS
host specific cytotoxin (hemolysin) → causes necrotic vasculitis, hemorrhagic lesions and leukocidal
Type IV pili→ twitching motility
porcine transferrin binding protein
(A. pleuropneumoniae→ pig bacteria cause fibrinous pleuritis)
treatment for actinobacillus
penicillin
trimethoprim-sulfa
Vaccines: serotype specific
Actinobacillus lignieresii cause ___
wooden tongue → granulomatous abscesses that form in soft tissue of cattle
compare lumpy jaw and wooden tongue
lumpy jaw → attacks bone in the mouth of cattle→ caused by Actinomyces bovis (gram + rod, acid fast negative)
wooden tongue → soft tissue → caused by Actinobacillus lignieresii (gram - rod, urease +)
where is Actinobacillus lignieresii found
normal flora of the upper GI tract of cattle
cause wooden tongue → granulomatous soft tissue
Actinobacillus (gram - rod, urease +)
virulence factor of actinobacillus lignieresii
proteases
cause wooden tongue in cattle
(Actinobacillus gram - rod, urease +)
treatment for Actinobacillus lignieresii
surgery
antibiotics if early enough → pen/strep combo
sulfur granules →granulomatous lesions caused by Actinobacillus lignieresii (wooden tongue)
Actinobacillus (gram - rod, urease +)
Actinobacillus equuli cause ___
sleepy foal disease → pyosepticemia in new born foals
death usually in 1-2 days
can cause kidney issues, pneumonia, enteritis
___ are carriers of actinobacillus equuli
mare intestinal and reproductive tract
sleepy foal disease → infected through umbilical cord
actinobacillus suis cause ___
pyosepticemia, rapid death up to 50% mortality
transferred by suckling piglets under 3 months of age
___ will cause multiple small abscesses in the kidney
Actinobacillus equuli
sleepy foal disease → septicemia, nephritis, pneumonia, polyarthritis, enteritis
what type of bordetella effect humans
B. pertussis and B. parapertussis – human, whooping cough
bordetella grows ___
strict aerobes (no fermentation, needs O2)
Bordetella bacteria have affinity for ___
ciliated respiratory epithelium
stick to cilia of the upper respiratory tract
Bordetella brochiseptica will cause ___ in dogs
kennel cough
tracheo-bronchitis, pneumonia, rhinitis and conjunctivitis
Bordetella bronchiseptica will cause ___ in pigs, rabbits, guinea pig and other rodents
cause rhinitis and bronchopneumonia
cause kennel cough in dogs
wry nose
rhinitis atrophicans
pigs
acute rhinitis progressing to cause deformations of the → turbinate bones, nasal septum and upper jaw
Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida (hemorrhagic sepsis in cattle and fowl cholera, secondary pathogen → respiratory tract infections)
Superinfection of ____ and ____ induced atrophic rhinitis in pigs and rabbits
Bordetella bronchiseptica (kennel cough)
Pasteurella multocida (bipolar staining- hemorrhagic sepsis-cattle, fowl cholera, URI- rabbits, cats, dogs and pigs)
virulence factors of bordetella
colonizing factors → filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, fimbriae
Siderophore & transferrin/lactoferrin binding proteins
toxins
Tracheal cytotoxin is produced by ____ and causes
bordetella bronchispetica
ciliostasis and extrusion of ciliated epithelial
found in the cell wall of gram - bacteria, cause inflammation
how to treat bordetella
some resistant
vaccines: bacterins, attenuated live strains and subunit vaccines
___ cause hemorrhagic sepsis, fowl cholera
Pasteurella multocida
___ cause shipping fever in cattle
Mannheimia haemolytica
___ cause Glasser’s disease
Glaseserella parasuis
___ cause infectious coryza
Avibacterium paragallinarum
(Haemophilus)
___ cause thrombembolic meningoencephalitis
Histophilus somni
((Haemophilus)
___ cause acute pleuropneumonia in swine
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
___ cause wooden tongue
Actinobacillus lignieresii
___ cause kennel cough
bordetella bronchispetica
___ cause endotoxemia in ewes
Mannheimia haemolytica
(pasteurella)
shipping fever in cattle
Pneumonia, sepsis in lambs
Pneumonia, salpingitis, sepsis in fowl
masititis → blue bag, endotoxemia in ewes
___ causes fibrinous polyserosis
Glaesserella parasuis
___ causes hemorrhagic necrotizing pneumonia in pigs
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
(haemophilus)
pigs under 6 months old, spread by aerosol, high mortality, survivors have chronic pneumonia, reservoir → subclinical carriers in respiratory tract and tonsils
virulence factors: capsule, LPS, host specific cytotoxins, Type IV pili (twitching motility), porcine transferrin binding protein
Actinobacillus lignieresii
is found ___
cause ___
virulence factors ___
treatment ___
normal bacterial flora of upper GI tract
wooden tongue → soft tissue granulomatous abscesses
proteases
surgery or antibiotics
Actinobacillus equui cause ___ and is carried by ___
virulence factors ___
sleepy foal disease → death or kidney damage, pneumonia, enteritis
mare intestinal and reproductive tract
capsule, LPS, host specific cytotoxins, type IV pili(twitching motility)
Bordetella bronchispetica cause ___
virulence factors ____
kennel cough in dogs
rhinitis and bronchopneumonia in pigs, rabbits and GP
wry nose- rhinitis atrophicans in pigs and rabbits (Pasteurella multocida)
colonizing factors, Siderophore & transferrin/lactoferrin binding proteins, toxins: tracheal cytotoxin
H. somni is carried by ___, cause ___ and virulence factors are ___
Cattle asymptomatic carriers (mucosa – genital and respiratory tract)
TME (thrombembolic meningoencephalitis) in cattle, endometritis and abortion in cows, repro issues in sheep and sepsis in lambs
surface proteins bind to transferrin/iron, LOS (host can’t see), Fc receptors (antipagocytic), resist neutrophils by stopping respiratory burst
Glaesserlla parasuis cause ___, carried in ___
Lower respiratory tract infection – Fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, meningitis, sepsis in pigs (2 week to 3 months old)
mucosa (nasopharynx) in normal pigs
Mannheimia haemolytica cause ___, carried by ___ and virulence factors
(Pasteurella)
shipping fever in young cattle, pneumonia, sepsis in lambs, pneumonia, salpingitis and sepsis in fowls, mastitis (blue bag) endotoxemia in ewes
asymptomatic carriers (adult immune animals)
Leukotoxins, LPS, capsule, Fimbriae, membrane proteins that bind to ruminant transferrin/iron
Pasteurella multocida cause ___, carried in ___ and virulence factors
hemorrhagic sepsis in cattle, fowl cholera, opportunistic respiratory infections in rabbits, cats, dogs, superinfection with Bordetella bronchispetica to form atrophic rhinitis in pigs and rabbits, abscesses in humans
commensal bacteria, found in the mucosa→ spread by sneezing (exotic to US)
P. multocida toxin (exotoxin that causes bone loss), capsule, LPS, adhesion of fimbriae an outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that allow bacteria to survive macrophages and permits colonization of the upper respiratory tract
