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Fall 22: micro > Test 1: pasteruella > Flashcards

Test 1: pasteruella Flashcards

1
Q

____ stain classically bipolar

A

pasteurella

and plague → Yersinia pestis

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2
Q

Pasteurella grow in what conditions

A

facultative anaerobes

makes ATP by aerobic respiration if O2 is present… but can switch to fermentation if O2 absent

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3
Q

Pasteurella multocida is a commensal bacteria that is spread by ___

A

sneezing, coughing, respiratory droplets

found in the mucosa (nasopharynx)

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4
Q

Pasteurella multocida cause ___ in cattle

A

hemorrhagic septicemia/sepsis

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5
Q

where can you find Pasteurella multocida

A

outside the US

southeat asia and africa

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6
Q

Pasteurella multocida is a ___ pathogen

A

opportunist

normal commensal that can become pathogenic

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7
Q

fowl cholera is caused by ___

A

Pasteurella multocida

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8
Q

Fowl cholera will have what symptoms?

A

caused by Pasteurella multocida

respiratory infection, facial, ear, wattles, feet and joint swelling

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9
Q

Abscesses in humans post bites are most often caused by ___

A

Pasteurella multocida → cause lymphadenitis, cellulitis and sepsis

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10
Q

what are the virulence factors of Pasturella multocida

A

P. multocida toxin → exotoxin → cause bone loss: inhibit osteoblast and activates osteoclasts→ similar to Bordetella brochispetica toxin

capsule

LPS → endotoxin

Adhesion → fimbriae and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) allow bacteria to survive within macrophages and permit colonization of upper respiratory tract

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11
Q

Pasteurella multocida toxin has synergism with ___ toxin

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

cause bone loss: inhibits osteoblast activity & differentiation,
activates osteoclasts

cause actin rearrangment

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12
Q

P. multocida on a plate will be blood agar ___, mcconkey ___ and hemolysis ___

A

+

-

-

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13
Q

what kind of treatment for P. multocida

A

most antibiotics will work

vaccine: serotype-specific bacterins

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14
Q

Mannheimia haemolutica causes ___ in young cattle

A

shipping fever

(previously called Pasteurella)

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15
Q

what animals are the reservoirs for mannheimia haemolytica

A

asymptomatic carriers (adult animals) → ruminants

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16
Q

mannheimia haemolytica effect what kind of animals

A

ruminants → cattle, sheep and goats

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17
Q

____ is the most frequently isolated bacteria from pneumonic lungs in cattle

A

mannheimia haemolytica

(shipping fever)

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18
Q

Mannheimia haemolytica cause ___ in cattle, ____ in lambs, ___ in fowls and ___ in ewes

A

shipping fever (young calves)

pneumonia and sepsis

pneumonia, salpingitis and sepsis

mastitis → blue bag

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19
Q

blue bag mastitis is caused by ___ in what animals

A

Mannheimia haemolytica

ewes

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20
Q

young animals will form ___

older animals with Mannheimia haemolytica will form ___

A

hemorrhagic lungs

multifocal abcessation

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21
Q

Virulence factors of Mannheimia haemolytica

A

Leukotoxin → hemolysin and cytotoxin

LPS

capsule

fimbriae

membrane protein binds to ruminant transferrin/iron

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22
Q

treatment for mannheimia haemolytica

A

Florfenicol → need to test for resistance

vaccine: attenuated or subunit vaccine (bacterins)

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23
Q

Haemophilus is a gram ___, that grows in ___

A

small gram negative bacilli

facultative anaerobe

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24
Q

Haemophilus influenzae causes ___ in humans

A

meningitis

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25
Q

___ have LOS instead of LPS

A

haemophilus

(lipo-oligosaccharide)

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26
Q

Haemophilus require ____ or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
___

A

hemin (factor X)

(factor V)

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27
Q

Glaesserella parasuis reservoir is ___

A

normal mucosa in pigs

(previously a Haemophilus→ LOS instead of LPS)

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28
Q

Glasser’s disease is caused by ___

A

Glaesserella parasuis

(Haemophilus)

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29
Q

Glasser’s disease symptoms

A

2 week-3 month old pigs

lower respiratory tract infection

Fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, meningitis, sepsis

Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis

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30
Q

Glaesserella parasuis can be treated with

A

penicillin

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31
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum causes ___

A

infectious coryza of chickens and decreased egg production, upper respiratory infection

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32
Q

____ cause infectious coryza of chickens and decreased egg production, upper respiratory infection

A

Avibacterium paragallinarum

(Haemophilus→ LOS, require hemin and NAD)

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33
Q

Histophilus somni reservoir are ___

A

cattle asymptomatic carriers (found in mucosa → genital and respiratory

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34
Q

Histophilus somni will cause ___ in cows

A

respiratory tract infection (mixed infection with viruses, pasteurella)

endometritis and abortion

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35
Q

Histophilus somni will cause ___ in sheep and ___ in lambs ___ in cows

A

reproductive problems → epididymitis, mastitis

sepsis

URI → TME- thrombembolic meningoencephalitis

cattle asy. carriers

(Haemophilus somnus → LOS)

36
Q

TME in cattle

A

caused by Histophilus somni (Haemophilus somnus)

infectious thrombembolic meningoencephalitis

Bacterial invasion of the respiratory tract → Bacteremia; damage to the vascular endothelium, platelet aggregation, coagulation, thrombosis → Arthritis and respiratory symptoms

URI → bacteria gets into blood and cause clot → embolisms

37
Q

Histophilus somni virulence factors

A

surface proteins bind to bovine transferrin/iron

LOS → can change shape to avoid host immune system

Fc receptors → anti-phagocytic effects, inhibits binding of opsonized bacteria

resist neutrophils → inhibit respiratory burst

cause TME (infectious thrombembolic meningoencephalitis)

38
Q

culture of H. somni requires

A

thiamin pyrophosphate, capnophilic

Unlike Haemophilus don’t require factors X (hemin) or V (NAD)

39
Q

how to treat H. somni

A

penicillin

bacterin vaccine

Histophilus somni → endometritis, abortion in cows and thrombembolic meningoencephalitis (TME)

40
Q

Actinobacillus has a ___ like morpholgy

A

pasteurella

41
Q

what gram - is urease +

A

actinobacillus

42
Q

actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae will cause ___ in pigs

A

Hemorrhagic necrotizing pneumonia, fibrinous pleuritis

pigs under 6 months old

43
Q

what are the reservoir for actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

A

chronic subclinical carriers (pigs)

found in the respiratory tract and tonsils

44
Q

actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is spread by ___

A

aerosol

high morbidity

survivors will have chronic pneumonia and can give bacteria to piglets

45
Q

three symptoms of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

A

causes lung lesions (necrosis)

fibrinous pleuritis

interlobular edema

(pig disease→ Hemorrhagic necrotizing pneumonia, fibrinous pleuritis )

46
Q

virulence factors of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

A

capsule

LPS

host specific cytotoxin (hemolysin) → causes necrotic vasculitis, hemorrhagic lesions and leukocidal

Type IV pili→ twitching motility

porcine transferrin binding protein

(A. pleuropneumoniae→ pig bacteria cause fibrinous pleuritis)

47
Q

treatment for actinobacillus

A

penicillin

trimethoprim-sulfa

Vaccines: serotype specific

48
Q

Actinobacillus lignieresii cause ___

A

wooden tongue → granulomatous abscesses that form in soft tissue of cattle

49
Q

compare lumpy jaw and wooden tongue

A

lumpy jaw → attacks bone in the mouth of cattle→ caused by Actinomyces bovis (gram + rod, acid fast negative)

wooden tongue → soft tissue → caused by Actinobacillus lignieresii (gram - rod, urease +)

50
Q

where is Actinobacillus lignieresii found

A

normal flora of the upper GI tract of cattle

cause wooden tongue → granulomatous soft tissue

Actinobacillus (gram - rod, urease +)

51
Q

virulence factor of actinobacillus lignieresii

A

proteases

cause wooden tongue in cattle

(Actinobacillus gram - rod, urease +)

52
Q

treatment for Actinobacillus lignieresii

A

surgery

antibiotics if early enough → pen/strep combo

53
Q
A

sulfur granules →granulomatous lesions caused by Actinobacillus lignieresii (wooden tongue)

Actinobacillus (gram - rod, urease +)

54
Q

Actinobacillus equuli cause ___

A

sleepy foal disease → pyosepticemia in new born foals

death usually in 1-2 days

can cause kidney issues, pneumonia, enteritis

55
Q

___ are carriers of actinobacillus equuli

A

mare intestinal and reproductive tract

sleepy foal disease → infected through umbilical cord

56
Q

actinobacillus suis cause ___

A

pyosepticemia, rapid death up to 50% mortality

transferred by suckling piglets under 3 months of age

57
Q

___ will cause multiple small abscesses in the kidney

A

Actinobacillus equuli

sleepy foal disease → septicemia, nephritis, pneumonia, polyarthritis, enteritis

58
Q

what type of bordetella effect humans

A

B. pertussis and B. parapertussis – human, whooping cough

59
Q

bordetella grows ___

A

strict aerobes (no fermentation, needs O2)

60
Q

Bordetella bacteria have affinity for ___

A

ciliated respiratory epithelium

stick to cilia of the upper respiratory tract

61
Q

Bordetella brochiseptica will cause ___ in dogs

A

kennel cough

tracheo-bronchitis, pneumonia, rhinitis and conjunctivitis

62
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica will cause ___ in pigs, rabbits, guinea pig and other rodents

A

cause rhinitis and bronchopneumonia

cause kennel cough in dogs

63
Q

wry nose

A

rhinitis atrophicans

pigs

acute rhinitis progressing to cause deformations of the → turbinate bones, nasal septum and upper jaw

Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida (hemorrhagic sepsis in cattle and fowl cholera, secondary pathogen → respiratory tract infections)

64
Q

Superinfection of ____ and ____ induced atrophic rhinitis in pigs and rabbits

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica (kennel cough)

Pasteurella multocida (bipolar staining- hemorrhagic sepsis-cattle, fowl cholera, URI- rabbits, cats, dogs and pigs)

65
Q

virulence factors of bordetella

A

colonizing factors → filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, fimbriae

Siderophore & transferrin/lactoferrin binding proteins

toxins

66
Q

Tracheal cytotoxin is produced by ____ and causes

A

bordetella bronchispetica

ciliostasis and extrusion of ciliated epithelial

found in the cell wall of gram - bacteria, cause inflammation

67
Q

how to treat bordetella

A

some resistant

vaccines: bacterins, attenuated live strains and subunit vaccines

68
Q

___ cause hemorrhagic sepsis, fowl cholera

A

Pasteurella multocida

69
Q

___ cause shipping fever in cattle

A

Mannheimia haemolytica

70
Q

___ cause Glasser’s disease

A

Glaseserella parasuis

71
Q

___ cause infectious coryza

A

Avibacterium paragallinarum

(Haemophilus)

72
Q

___ cause thrombembolic meningoencephalitis

A

Histophilus somni

((Haemophilus)

73
Q

___ cause acute pleuropneumonia in swine

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

74
Q

___ cause wooden tongue

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii

75
Q

___ cause kennel cough

A

bordetella bronchispetica

76
Q

___ cause endotoxemia in ewes

A

Mannheimia haemolytica

(pasteurella)

shipping fever in cattle

Pneumonia, sepsis in lambs

Pneumonia, salpingitis, sepsis in fowl

masititis → blue bag, endotoxemia in ewes

77
Q

___ causes fibrinous polyserosis

A

Glaesserella parasuis

78
Q

___ causes hemorrhagic necrotizing pneumonia in pigs

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

(haemophilus)

pigs under 6 months old, spread by aerosol, high mortality, survivors have chronic pneumonia, reservoir → subclinical carriers in respiratory tract and tonsils

virulence factors: capsule, LPS, host specific cytotoxins, Type IV pili (twitching motility), porcine transferrin binding protein

79
Q

Actinobacillus lignieresii

is found ___

cause ___

virulence factors ___

treatment ___

A

normal bacterial flora of upper GI tract

wooden tongue → soft tissue granulomatous abscesses

proteases

surgery or antibiotics

80
Q

Actinobacillus equui cause ___ and is carried by ___

virulence factors ___

A

sleepy foal disease → death or kidney damage, pneumonia, enteritis

mare intestinal and reproductive tract

capsule, LPS, host specific cytotoxins, type IV pili(twitching motility)

81
Q

Bordetella bronchispetica cause ___

virulence factors ____

A

kennel cough in dogs

rhinitis and bronchopneumonia in pigs, rabbits and GP

wry nose- rhinitis atrophicans in pigs and rabbits (Pasteurella multocida)

colonizing factors, Siderophore & transferrin/lactoferrin binding proteins, toxins: tracheal cytotoxin

82
Q

H. somni is carried by ___, cause ___ and virulence factors are ___

A

Cattle asymptomatic carriers (mucosa – genital and respiratory tract)

TME (thrombembolic meningoencephalitis) in cattle, endometritis and abortion in cows, repro issues in sheep and sepsis in lambs

surface proteins bind to transferrin/iron, LOS (host can’t see), Fc receptors (antipagocytic), resist neutrophils by stopping respiratory burst

83
Q

Glaesserlla parasuis cause ___, carried in ___

A

Lower respiratory tract infection – Fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, meningitis, sepsis in pigs (2 week to 3 months old)

mucosa (nasopharynx) in normal pigs

84
Q

Mannheimia haemolytica cause ___, carried by ___ and virulence factors

A

(Pasteurella)

shipping fever in young cattle, pneumonia, sepsis in lambs, pneumonia, salpingitis and sepsis in fowls, mastitis (blue bag) endotoxemia in ewes

asymptomatic carriers (adult immune animals)

Leukotoxins, LPS, capsule, Fimbriae, membrane proteins that bind to ruminant transferrin/iron

85
Q

Pasteurella multocida cause ___, carried in ___ and virulence factors

A

hemorrhagic sepsis in cattle, fowl cholera, opportunistic respiratory infections in rabbits, cats, dogs, superinfection with Bordetella bronchispetica to form atrophic rhinitis in pigs and rabbits, abscesses in humans

commensal bacteria, found in the mucosa→ spread by sneezing (exotic to US)

P. multocida toxin (exotoxin that causes bone loss), capsule, LPS, adhesion of fimbriae an outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that allow bacteria to survive macrophages and permits colonization of the upper respiratory tract

Fall 22: micro (25 decks)

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