Test 1: lecture 6: mycobacterium Flashcards
what stain is used for mycobacteria
Ziehl-neelsen staining
the outer membrane of mycobacteria contain ___ and ___
mycolic acid
lipo-arabino-mannan
what shape is mycobacteria
gram + bacilli
(acid fast +)
what three bacteria are acid fast +
mycobacterium
nocardia
rhodococcus
(all gram + rods)
what type of bacteria are non acid fast
corynebacterium
actinomyces
dermatophilus
trueperella
(gram + rods of the actinomycetia family, no spores)
list the gram + rods
mycobacteria are important causes of human and animal ___
tuberculosis disease
what kind of animals are highly susceptible to TB?
elephants
can transfer from human to elephant to human
mycobacteria course of disease in most healthy individuals is ___ as long as immune function is maintained
asymptomatic
the function of what in the host is crucial for containment of mycobacteria
CD4+ T cells, IFNg, macrophage microbicidal mechanisms
TB lesions form ___ that have central caseating necrosis
surrounded by ____ and T cells
granulomas
‘epithelioid’ macrophages
(caused by mycobacteria gram + rod, acid fast +)
Johne’s disease is caused by ___
Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis
Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis causes ___
johne’s disease in cattle
mycobacteria cause debulitating ___ in cattle
Debilitating enteritis in cattle –
acquired during first 6 months of life, clinical disease appears 2-8 years later. Organisms shed before onset of clinical symptoms
3 important disease of mycobacteria
1) Leprosy
2) Tuberculosis
3) Paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease→ cattle)
(gram + rods, acid fast +)
sunlight promotes the production of ___ by macrophages
Vit D → IFN gamma in macrophages
4 important species of mycobacteria
1) M. leprae - - - - - - - leprosy in humans.
2) M. tuberculosis - - - TB in humans.
3) M. bovis - - TB in cattle, other animals & humans.
4) M. avium:
* *subspecies avium** - - -TB in chickens, other birds, some animals & in
(immunocompromised) humans.
* *subspecies paratuberculosis** – paratuberculosis (Johne’s Disease) of ruminants; infection of humans is controversial
___ cause leprosy in humans
1) M. leprae - - - - - - - leprosy in humans.
(gram + rod, acid fast +)
___ cause TB in humans
Mycobacteria tuberculosis
___ cause TB in cattle, other animals and humans
mycobacteria bovis
___ cause TB in chickens
Mycobacteria avium subspecies avium
(gram + rod, acid fast +)
___ cause paratuberculosis in ruminants
Mycobacteria avium subspecies paratuberculosis
(Johne’s Disease)
(might cause Crohn’s disease in humans??)
what are the two important subspecies of Mycobacteria avium
- *subspecies avium -** - -TB in chickens, other birds, some animals & in
(immunocompromised) humans.
subspecies paratuberculosis – paratuberculosis (Johne’s Disease) of ruminants; infection of humans is controversial
Ziel-Neelsen method is used for ___
mycobacteria are gram + but their cell wall do not react well with decolorization are appear weird gram - looking
bacteria is dyed with carbolfuchsin, then steamed, then decolorized with acidified alcohol (95% EtOH- 3 % HCl), then counterstained and produce Red rod shaped bacteria
steps of acid fast stain
bacteria is dyed with carbolfuchsin, then steamed, then decolorized with acidified alcohol (95% EtOH- 3 % HCl), then counterstained and produce Red rod shaped bacteria
ziehl-nellsen
acid fast staining
(mycobacteria, nocardia, rhodococcus all acid fast +, gram + rods)
besides for acid fast stain what is another way to identify mycobacteria
auramine fluorescent stain
auramine and rhodamine are flurochromes
(non specific fluorescence can cause a problem in clinical specimens)
(mycobacteria, nocardia and rhodococcus are gram + rods, + acid fast)
auramine fluorescent stain used to stain for mycobacterium
(gram + rod, acid fast +)