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Fall 22: micro > Test 1: other gram negatives > Flashcards

Test 1: other gram negatives Flashcards

1
Q

___ (zoonotic, reportable pathogens spread venearally)

A

Brucella

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2
Q

____(the agent of tularemia)

A

Francisella tularensis

rabbits and ticks→ lymphadennopathy, splenomegaly/necrosis

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3
Q

____ (the agent of contagious equine metritis-CEM)

A

Taylorella equigenitalis

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4
Q

____ (the agent of bovine Pinkeye)

A

Moraxella bovis

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5
Q

_____ (normal flora of dogs that can cause severe infections in people)

A

Capnocytophaga canimorsus

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6
Q

____ (the agent of contagious equine metritis-CEM)

A

Taylorella equigenitalis

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7
Q

Brucella will cause ___ in humans

A

undulant fever

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8
Q

how to get brucella

A

highly contagious zoonosis

ingest raw milk/meat

direct contact to secretions → repro (placenta)

have to usually report to authorities

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9
Q

pathogenesis of brucella

A

lives inside cells → forms brucellasomes

migrate to areas with high erythritol (sugar alcohol) → reproductive organs

also found in supra-mammary lymph nodes (milk), bones and joints

lifelong infection

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10
Q

brucella are attracted to ___ inside the cell

A

erythritol → sugar alcohol

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11
Q

males with bucellosis

A

enlarged sex organs → orchitis

sterility

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12
Q

females with brucellosis

A

abortion

reduced milk yield

infertility

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13
Q

juveniles with brucellosis will →

A

usually die

aka. poor doers

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14
Q

three types of smooth brucellae

A

B. suis → feral pigs→ cattle and dogs

brucella abortus → cattle and bison → undulant fever, fistulous withers →(wild bison in yellowstone) →slaughter surveillance and vaccine at 6-12 months (live attenuated

B. melitensis → goats and sheep cheese → foreign animal disease

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15
Q

two type of rough brucellae

A

B. ovis → sheep rams large sex organs. ewes resistant

B. canis → dogs → abortion → check before breeding → FUO, orchitis, discospondylitis → spay, cull, doxy

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16
Q

how to tell smooth from rough brucellae

A

smooth have a OPS added to the end of their LPS

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17
Q

B. ovis and B. canis are both ___

A

rough brucellae

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18
Q

Brucella abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis are all ___

A

smooth brucellae

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19
Q

Brucella is transmitted to humans by ___

A

contact with animal or animal products

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20
Q

Brucella abortus

A

type of smooth brucella

spread by contact with afterbirth or venerally

cause undulant fever in people

cause fistulous withers in horses (Actinomyces bovis also cause this)

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21
Q

what two things cause fistulous withers in horses

A

Brucella abortus

Actinomyces bovis → gram -, acid fast -

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22
Q

what are the reservoirs of brucella abortus and where are they found?

A

wild bison and elk in the yellowstone area

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23
Q

wild bison and elk in the yellowstone area are the last remaining reservoir of ___

A

brucella abortus in the US

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24
Q

Brucella abortus surveillance

A

national → slaughter and high risk states → card agglutination, ELISA

milk ring test → no longer federally funded → blue ring +

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25
Q

what kind of vaccine for brucella abortus

A

RB51 → live attenuated

can be spread to humans if needle poked, or shed in the raw milk of vaccinated cows

federal→ 4-12 months heifer calves

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26
Q

RB51

A

live attenuated strain vaccine for Brucella abortus

can be spread to human by needle poke or shed in raw milk products

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27
Q

____ is the most readily transmitted of the Brucella species to humans

A

Brucella melitensis

goat and sheep cheese

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28
Q

____ is considered a foreign animal disease brucella

A

Brucella melitensis

sheep and goat

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29
Q

Brucella melitensis can be found where in the world

A

not USA

foreign animal disease

southern Europe, middle east, parts of Asia and Latin America

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30
Q

Brucella suis is found where___

A

wild feral swine

can spread to cattle (usually beef)

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31
Q

feral swine act as the reservoir for ___

A

Brucella suis

can be spread to cattle

32
Q

___ is a type of rough Brucella that is not zoonotic

A

Brucella ovis

33
Q

Brucella ovis. ___ are affected and ___ are resistant

A

rams → epidydimitis and infertility

ewes → can cause rare abortions

34
Q

rams infected with ___ are have epidydimitis and be infertile

A

Brucella ovis

found in sheep

35
Q

____ and ___ are brucellae found in sheep

A

B. melitensis → smooth → goats and sheep→ foreign animal disease

B. ovis → sheep → rough → rams symptomatic, females resistant usually

36
Q

___ is an important cause of infertility and abortion in dogs

A

Brucella canis → rough brucella

37
Q

Brucella canis can cause ___

A

orchitis

fever of unknown origin in intact animals

discospondylitis

38
Q

what type of Brucella can be transferred to dogs?

A

B. suis from feral pigs → smooth brucella

B. canis → found in dogs and a rough brucella

would need to test for both smooth and rough

39
Q

symptoms of Brucella canis in humans

A

mild flu like disease

40
Q

Brucella will be acid fast + or negative

A

+ → do not have mycolic acids but cell wall very thick and grabs onto stain→ false positive

41
Q

how to diagnosis brucellosis

A

serology → testing for antibodies

separate test for rough and smooth brucellae

42
Q

how to treat brucellae

A

cull

dogs and humans: doxy and rifampin

castration/ovarectomy

difficult to eliminate fully

43
Q

what drug to treat brucellea

A

doxy and rifampin

only really treat humans

positive animals are usually culled

44
Q

___ is the agent of tulermia

A

Francisella tularensis

45
Q

how does Francisella tularensis grow

A

gram negative

facultative intracellular organism

46
Q

rabbits are the reservoir for ___

A

Francisella tularensis

47
Q

besides rabbits, ___ also carry Francisella tularensis

A

wild rodants and mustelids, and ticks

48
Q

human disease of Francisella tularensis

A

lymphadenopathy

49
Q

lymphadenopathy in humans can be caused by ___

A

Francisella tularensis → rabbits, ticks

Plague → Yersina Pestis → fleas

50
Q

___ is common in the middle of america

A

Francisella tularensis

carried by rabbits → cause lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly/necrosis, typically fatal

51
Q

symptoms of Feline Tularemia

A

lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly/necrosis, typically fatal

caused by hunting rabbits or transferred from ticks

52
Q
A

Feline Tularemia

Francisella tularensis → transferred from rabbits or tick to cats

cause enlarged lymph nodes, splenomegaly/necrosis, and usually fatal

53
Q

compare B. anthracis, Y. pestis and F. tularensis

A

Bacillus anthracis → catalase +, gram + rod, spores in soil → vegetative growth in host, cutaneous, inhalation and GI anthrax→ polypeptide capsule and exotoxins → protective antigen, edema factor and lethal factor. Anthrax vaccine, penicillin, stains- filaments

Yersinia pestis→ gram -, rodent reservoir, transmitted by fleas→ bubonic, pneumonic and speticemia→ found in the western ⅓ of USA → submandibular lymphadenitis, gram - bipolar staining (safety pin)

Francisella tularensis → rabbit and tick reservoir, gram negative, faculative intracellular organism, cause lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly/necrosis and typially fatal→ found in the center of the US, gram negative cocci

54
Q

___ causes CEM in horses

A

contagious equine metritis

Taylorella equigenitalis

55
Q

___ are the asymptomatic carriers of Taylorella equigenitalis

A

stallions

CEM → contagious equine metritis

56
Q

___ is spread venereally from asymptomatic stallion carriers

A

Taylorella equigenitalis

57
Q

symptoms of CEM

A

contagious equine metritis

Taylorella equigenitalis

endometritis, cervicitis and vaginitis → pus filled vagina

58
Q

how to diagnosis taylorella

A

very hard to grow in the lab → fastidious

can swab → transport media

PCR

59
Q

how to treat Taylorella equigenitalis

A

penicillin

60
Q

any horse older then 731 days coming into the US is quarantined for ___

A

Taylorella equigenitalis

61
Q

___ loves water

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

62
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows ___ on culture

A

bright green

63
Q

___ is a toxin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that makes a culture bright green

A

pyocyanin

64
Q
A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

pyocyanin- toxin produced that makes culture bright green

culture will smell sweet, like grapes

65
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa will cause ___ in dogs

A

otitis externa,

post-grooming furunculosis from Contaminated shampoos,

wounds (burns)

pneumonia.

66
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa will cause ___ in cats, ___ in cows and ___ in horses

A

chronic URI

environmental mastitis

ulcerative keratitis

67
Q

what will grow if you dilute disinfectant scrubs?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

68
Q

what meds to treat Pseudomonas

A

ceftazidime→ 3rd generation cephalosporin

piperacillin

carbapenems → last resort drug- NO food animals (NO veterinary labelled options)

69
Q

only oral treatment option for Pseudomonas are ___, but may quickly become resistant during therapy

A

FQ (fluoroquinolones) → DNA synthesis inhibitors (baytril)

70
Q

why is pseudomonas intrinsically resistant to so many drugs

A

low permeability of outer membrane, multi-drug efflux pumps, and production of β-lactamases

71
Q

Bacteria in ____ are phenotypically resistant to antibiotic treatment, even if bacteria are genotypically susceptible

A

biofilms

72
Q

___ causes Bovine pinkeye

A

Moraxella bovis

73
Q

___ is a gram negative, plump rod to coccoid shape

A

Moraxella bovis → cause bovine pink eye

74
Q

another name for bovine pinkeye

A

infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)

caused by Moraxella bovis

75
Q

Moraxella bovis is found where?

A

obligate commensal of mucous membranes of cattle

found in the eye and respiratory tract

can have virulent and non-virulent strains

76
Q

how does bovine pink eye spread

A

dust gets into eye→ causes corneal abrasions→ moraxella bovis which is found in mucous membranes will invade (oppurtunistic) → flies will pass bacteria from cow to cow

77
Q

how to treat bovine pink eye

A

subconjunctival oxytetracycline

topical application of cloxacillin

fly control

IBK(infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis) caused by Moraxella bovis

Fall 22: micro (25 decks)

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