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Fall 22: micro > Test 2: paramyxoviruses > Flashcards

Test 2: paramyxoviruses Flashcards

1
Q

what family of viruses are in the order mononegavirales?

A

paramyxoviridae
pneumo
rhabdo- rabies
filo- ebola
Borna

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2
Q

paramyxoviridae are —

A

pleomorphic- spherical or filamentous
enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA

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3
Q

— viruses have herringbone shape

A

paramyxoviridae

paramyxo- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA

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4
Q

what are the two spikes on the paramyxoviridae cell

A

fusion (F)
attachment proteins: HN, H or G

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5
Q

—- protein on paramyxoviridae is similar to flu’s HA

A

Fusion protein F

needs to be cleaved by cellular protease to be active

unlike HA does not need low pH

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6
Q

HN of paramyxoviridea is a attachment protein that —

A

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase

can cause RBC to clump near infected cell
help virus form and leave host cell

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7
Q

H attachment protein in paramyxoviridae

A

can cause RBC to accumulate

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8
Q

antivirals to paramyxoviridae should attack —

A

both fusion protein
and
attachment protein (HN, H, or G)

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9
Q

paramyxoviridae

Neutralizing antibodies specific for the attachment glycoprotein
—- inhibit adsorption of virus to cellular receptors, but
antibodies specific to —- can also neutralize viral infectivity

A

(HN, H, or G)
F

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10
Q

where does replication occur in paramyxoviridae

A

in cytoplasm

a negative sense ssRNA- brings its own viral polymerase

paramyxo- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (newcastle)

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11
Q

paramyxoviridae will attach to cell with

A

HN, H or G

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12
Q

—- mediates fusion of the paramyxovirus envelope with the cellular plasma membrane at physiologic pH

A

F protein

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13
Q

transcription of mRNA from paramyxoviridae is by —

A

sequential
interrupted-synthesis mechanism.

negative sense ssRNA- needs to become + before it can become mRNA

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14
Q

In paramyxovirus-infected cells, the F protein is involved in the induction of cell fusion and the formation of —

A

syncytia (giant cells)

F protein moves to edge of cell and recruits other cells and fuses with them

paramyxo- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (newcastle)

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15
Q

what type of paramyxoviridae produces both cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusion bodies

A

morbillivirus

canine distemper, rinderpest

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16
Q

newcastle disease virus is caused by

A

virulent avian paramyxovirus 1
from G. avulavirus

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17
Q

symptoms of new castle disease

A

highly contagious
repiratory, digestive and neuro
hemorrhagic lesion, encephalomyelitis, muscle tremor, paralysis of legs and wings, decreased egg production

pigeon- twisting neck syndrome

paramyxo G. Avulavirus
- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (newcastle)

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18
Q

symptoms of new castle disease

A

highly contagious
repiratory, digestive and neuro

paramyxo- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (newcastle)

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19
Q

viscerotropic velogenic
neurotropic velogenic
mesogenic

A

cause high mortality rates and New Castle Disease

newcastle disease virus/ virulent avian paramyxovirus 1 is grouped by pathotypes

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20
Q

lentogenic
asymptomatic enteric

A

naturally avirulent strain of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 virus

used as vaccines against new castle disease because they induce cross-protective antibodies

newcastle disease virus/ virulent avian paramyxovirus 1 is grouped by pathotypes

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21
Q

— are used as vaccines against new castle disease

A

avirulent strains - lentogenic, asymptomatic enteric

cause cross-protective antibodies

paramyxo- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (newcastle)

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22
Q

Cleavability of the F protein of NDV correlates directly with —-.

A

virulence

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23
Q

newcastle disease virus in pigeons cause

A

twisting neck syndrome
neuro signs and diarrhea

paramyxo- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (newcastle)

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24
Q

newcastle disease virus causes what symptoms

A

Mortality near 100%; targets viscera and CNS.
*Hemorrhagic lesions.
*Encephalomyelitis.
*Neurotropic strains cause respiratory disease followed quickly by neurologic signs: muscle tremors, paralysis of legs and wings, or drooped wings.
*Marked drop in egg production.

paramyxo

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25
Q

tranmission of newcastle disease virus

A

airborne route,
ingestion of contaminated feed and water
rare vertical transmission? (mom to baby)

paramyxo- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (newcastle)

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26
Q

newcastle disease virus effects

A

chickens
turkeys
wild fowl

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27
Q

avian paramyxovirus 2-12

A

cause mild respiratory disease
not as severe as 1 - newcastle disease virus
can affect different species of birds

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28
Q

hendra virus and nipah virus reservoir are

A

fruit bats
from group Henipavirus

paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (barking pig, equine morbillivirus)

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29
Q

equine morbillivirus is caused by

A

hendra virus

paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H-equine morbillivirus)

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30
Q

hendra virus symptoms

A

humans- 60% fatal
horses- respiratory and neuro issues, leads to severe pneumonia with 75% fatality

previously called equine morbillivirus

paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)

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31
Q

transmission of hendra virus

A

fruit bat reservoir
horse- eating contaminated food
human- exposure to fluid or tissues of infected horse

no human to human transmission

paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)

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32
Q

what level bio security for Hendra virus

A

level 4
high containment facility

paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)

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33
Q

barking pig syndrome is caused by —

A

Nipah virus

paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)

34
Q

symptoms of nipah virus

A

pigs- respiratory illness, coughing “ barking pig syndrome”, neuro signs- ataxia and seizures- low mortality rate

humans- endothelial cell damage, necrosis and syncytial giant cells- 40% mortality rate

paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)

35
Q

Nipah or Hendra viruses have a higher mortality rate?

A

hendra

paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)

36
Q

transmission of nipah virus

A

fruit bat
pigs inhale bat feces
humans contact infected pigs
human-human

paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)

37
Q

hendra or nipah cause greater threat to agriculture?

A

nipah- lower mortality rate but can be transfered human- human

paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)

38
Q

— was declared eradicated in 2011

A

rinderpest
bovine plague
genus morbillivirus of family Paramyxoviridae

paramyxo (group morbillivirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)

39
Q

rinderpest virus replicates in what tissue?

A

lymphoid
which leads to spread throughout the body→ ulcers and necrosis- mortality 20-90%

paramyxo (group morbillivirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)

40
Q

pestis des petits ruminants cause —

A

similar to rinderpest but in goat and sheep instead of cattle

Fever, anorexia, stomatitis,
diarrhea, bronchopneumonia.

Mortality in goats 95%, sheep
slightly less.

paramyxo (group morbillivirus-spread in lymphocytes)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)

41
Q

Canine distemper virus cause

A

attacks lymphocytes and monocytes

Fever, leukopenia, depression, nasal
and ocular discharge, cough,
pneumonia; vomiting, diarrhea and
neurological signs (seizures,
paresis).

Gains access to CNS via endothelial
cells to CSF, or via infected lymphocytes.

paramyxo (group morbillivirus-spread in lymphocytes)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)

42
Q

Canine distemper virus has local replication in —

A

mononuclear cells(lymphocytes and monocytes) of the upper respiratory tract

then spreads via lymphatics and blood

paramyxo (group morbillivirus-spread in lymphocytes)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)

43
Q

canine distemper virus is shed in ___

A

all secretions or excretions

paramyxo (group morbillivirus-spread in lymphocytes)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)

44
Q

two complications caused by canine distemper virus

A

Old dog encephalitis which is a
rare chronic progressive panencephalitis in adult dog.

“Hard-pad disease” of the foot
pads and nose

paramyxo (group morbillivirus-spread in lymphocytes)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)

45
Q

—- is similar to canine distemper in marine mammals

A

morbillivirus of marine mammals

pneumonia, CNS disease, GI disease

paramyxo (group morbillivirus-spread in lymphocytes)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)

46
Q

Bovine parainfluenza virus 3
(PI-3) cause

A

mild symptoms- fever, nasal discharge, dyspnea

predisposes animal to seconday bacterial infection →shipping fever (bovine repiratory disease complex BRD)

paramyxo (group respirovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (bovine parainfluenza virus 3)

47
Q

Bovine PI-3 predisposes animals to ___

A

secondary bacterial infections
“Shipping fever” “Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD)”

paramyxo (group respirovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (bovine parainfluenza virus 3)

48
Q

—– is characterized by purulent
nasal discharge, cough, anorexia,
fever, mortality from acute
fibrinous bronchopneumonia.

A

bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD)

Bovine PI-3 allows bacteria to cause shipping fever

paramyxo (group respirovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (bovine parainfluenza virus 3)

49
Q

G. rubulavirus

A

paramyxo (group rubulavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (canine PI-5, porcine rubulavirus)

50
Q

Canine parainfluenza 5 cause

A

mild respiratory disease in dogs

can combine to cause serious or chronic issues

paramyxo (group rubulavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (canine PI-5, porcine rubulavirus)

51
Q

blue eye in pigs is caused by

A

porcine rubulavirus
cause neuro disease, conjunctivitis and corneal opacity

CAV-1(canine hepatitis) blue eyes in dogs from adenoviridae

paramyxo (group rubulavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (canine PI-5, porcine rubulavirus)

52
Q

Bovine RSV cause

A

effect calves and young cattle

fever, abnormal breathing, nasal discharge and cough

can lead to syncytia, pneumonia and shipping fever

bovine respiratory syncytial virus

paramyxo (group orthopneumovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (Bovine RSV, canine pneumovirus)

53
Q

Bovine RSV replicates in what tissue

A

respiratory epithelium

leads to fever, cough, nasal discharge

can lead the way for shipping fever,syncytia, pneumonia

pneumo (group orthopneumovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (Bovine RSV, canine pneumovirus)

54
Q

Canine pneumovirus

A

cause mild symptoms

but can lead to pneumonia and respiratory disease

pneumo (group orthopneumovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (Bovine RSV, canine pneumovirus)

55
Q

G. metapneumovirus are

A

pnuemo (group metapneumo)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (avian rhinotracheitis)

56
Q

Turkey rhinotracheitis causes

A

inflammation of the respiratory tract, sneezing, cough and head shaking, decreased egg production

100% morbidity but low mortality

cytoplasmic inclusions

pneumo (group metapneumo)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (avian rhinotracheitis)

57
Q

swollen head syndrome

A

in chickens

mild symptoms- swelling of sinuses, respiratory distress

4% morbidity and 2% mortality

pneumo (group metapneumo)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (avian rhinotracheitis)

58
Q

avian rhinotracheitis virus is worse in chickens or tukeys?

A

turkeys rhinotracheitis- 100% morbidity 0.4-50% mortality

swollen head syndrome- chickens- 4% morbidity, 2% mortality

pneumo (group metapneumo)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (avian rhinotracheitis)

59
Q

What is the tissue tropism (the cells of the host that support the growth of the virus) for
most parainfluenza viruses?

A

respiratory tissue?

paramyxo (group respirovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (bovine parainfluenza virus 3)

60
Q

What is the tissue tropism (the cells of the host that support the growth of the virus) for
most morbilliviruses?

A

lymphocytes (macrophages)

paramyxo (group morbillivirus-spread in lymphocytes)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)

61
Q

What are two zoonotic paramyxoviruses that emerged in Australia?

A

G. henipavirus
hendra virus- horses
nipah virus- barking pig syndrome

paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (barking pig, equine morbillivirus)

62
Q

What are zoonotic paramyxoviruses that emerged in Asia?

A

Rinderpest- bovine plague in cattle

paramyxo (group morbillivirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)

63
Q

what is the reservoir of G. Henipavirus

A

fruit bats
leads to Hendra virus in horses
Nipah virus- Barking pig syndrome

paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (barking pig, equine morbillivirus)

64
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection?

A

Sudden onset of high fever,
hyperpnea, abdominal breathing,
lethargy, rhinitis, nasal discharge,
and cough

Syncytia, pneumonia and emphysema are characteristic.

can lead to seconday bacterial infection - shipping fever

paramyxo (group orthopneumovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (Bovine RSV, canine pneumovirus)

65
Q

What is turkey rhinotracheitis?

A

Inflammation of the respiratory tract, coughing, head shaking, decreased egg production

Morbidity is often 100%; mortality ranges from 0.4% to 50% and is highest in young poults.

Cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in epithelial cells in airway and nasal cavities

paramyxo (group metapneumo)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (avian rhinotracheitis)

66
Q

What tissue is targeted by the turkey rhibotracheitis virus?

A

Cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in epithelial cells in airway and nasal cavities

paramyxo (group metapneumo)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (avian rhinotracheitis)

67
Q

vaccine for newcastle disease

A

live and killed vaccines

birds usually culled

Parayxo (G. Avula)

68
Q

Bovine PI-3 vaccine

A

inactivated and live attenuated virus

nasal discharge, cough, pneumonia

69
Q

What strains/subtype of equine influenza is currently circulating in the USA?

A

H3N8
also effects dogs

orthomyxo- segmented, negative sence, ssRNA enveloped

70
Q

Describe the structure of paramyxovirus and pneumoviruses

A

members of the mononegavirales

ss non segmented, enveloped, RNA
negative sense

Paramyxo- pleomoprhic, herringbone shape
attachment protein(spikes/glycroproteins): HN. H, G.
fusion protein F.
brings its own polymerase

forms inclusion bodies in macrophages

F protein binds with other noninfected cells to form syncytia

71
Q

How are attachment to and entry of paramyxoviruses in target cells accomplished?

A

HN, H, G attachment proteins bind to host cell

F(fusion protein) is cleaved by host protease and fuses with host cell membrane- releases ssRNA into the cell

72
Q

Which
protein is important in mediating attachment of paramyxoviridae?

A

HN, H, G
envelope spike/glycoproteins

73
Q

Which protein is important in mediating
entry of paramyxo?

A

F
must be cleaved to bind to membrane

similar to HA in orthomyxo (flu)

74
Q

What are syncytia?

A

giant cell caused by F protein binding to non infected cell

75
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of New Castle disease

A

(virulent avian paramyxovirus

100% death
respiratory, digestive and CNS
hemorrhagic lesions, encephalomyelitis, muscle tremors, paralysis, dropped wings, decreased egg production,-pigeons- twisting neck syndrome)

spread by inhalation and ingestion

shed up to 4 weeks in animals that survive

G. Avulavirus- Paramyxoviridae- mononegavirales

76
Q

What is the tissue tropism (the cells of the host that support the growth of the virus) for
most parainfluenza viruses?

A

respiratory

77
Q

What is the tissue tropism (the cells of the host that support the growth of the virus) for
most morbilliviruses?

A

lymphoid tissue

78
Q

What are two zoonotic paramyxoviruses that emerged in Australia and Indonesia?

A

henipavirus
hendra- horses
nipah- pigs- barking pig syndrome

fruit bat reservoir

79
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection?

A

Bovine RSV

fever, cough, nasal discharge, abdornmal breathing, lethargy

can form syncytia, pneumonia and emphysema

G. othopneumovirus, Paramyxoviridae

80
Q

What is turkey rhinotracheitis?

A

Avian rhinotracheitiis
avian metapneumovirus

G. metapneumo, Pneumoviridae

81
Q

What tissue is targeted by the virus of turkey rhinotracheitis?

A

respiratory tissue

avian metapneumovius
Pneumoviridae

Fall 22: micro (25 decks)

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