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Fall 22: micro > Test 1: lecture 7: enterobacterales and campy > Flashcards

Test 1: lecture 7: enterobacterales and campy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three main families of enterobacteriales

A

enterobacteriaceae (ecoli)

yersiniaceae (plaque)

morganellaceae (proteus)

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2
Q

__ are gram negative bacilli that ferment glucose, oxidase negative, catalase positive and non spore forming facultative anaerobes

A

enterobacterales

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3
Q

enterobacterales are oxidase ____ , catalase ___, ___
forming, facultative ____

A

negative,

positive

non-spore

anaerobes

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4
Q

___ ferment glucose

A

enterobacterales

(gram negative rods)

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5
Q

what test is used to differentiate different gram negative bacteria

A

oxidase test

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6
Q

what test is used to differentiate different gram positive bacteria

A

catalase (bubble test)

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7
Q

full name of E. coli

A

escherichia coli

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8
Q

O serotyping tests for ___

A

LPS antigen

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9
Q

H serotype test for ___ antigen

A

flagellar

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10
Q

K serotype test for ___ antigen

A

capsular

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11
Q

___ is a “old” typing technique, done in reference labs only.

A

serotyping

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12
Q

___ help E. coli adhere to host

A

fimbriae → adhesions

species specific

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13
Q

what are some general virulence factors of E. Coli

A

Adhesins: fimbriae, some of these are specific for particular host species.

Capsules: antibactericidal & antiphagocytic

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is an endotoxin cause fever, endothelial damage/disseminated intravascular coagulation and endotoxic shock

Toxins- Diarrheagenic, Necrotoxins

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14
Q

what type of E.coli is normally found in poop

A

commensal pathotypic group

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15
Q

what type of E. Coli would you find in diarrhea

A

intestinal pathogenic

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16
Q

what kind of E. Coli would you find in UTI infections?

A

ExPec

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17
Q

what are 4 types of ExPEC

A

ExPEC

extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli

Uropathogenic (UPEC)

Septicemic (SEPEC)

Avian pathogenic (APEC)

Neonatal Meningitis (NMEC)

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18
Q

what are three non-enteric E coli infections

____ in poultry

Urinary tract infections (UTI) – not all caused by ___

___ Mastitis - lactating cows & sows

A

Colibacillosis

UPEC (uropathogenic which is a subtype of extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli (ExPEC))

Coliform

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19
Q

___ infections are found in the hospital

A

nosocomial

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20
Q

colibacillosis is caused by ___ and is found in

A

APEC

birds

avian pathogenic

subtype of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli

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21
Q

what needs to be present for UTI

A

clinical signs and bacteria present

be careful prescribing antibiotics

common in dogs, rare in cats

can be caused by non-enteric E. coli infection

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22
Q

improper milking hygiene can cause ___ ,which is a ___ E. coli infection

A

coliform mastitis

non-enteric (ExPEC)

environmental

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23
Q
A

EPEC (enteropthaogenic E. coli)

type of intestinal pathogen E. coli

EPEX attach by intimin → will cause pedestal formation of the villi in the small and large intestine → decreases the surface area by squishing the villi → malabsorptive diarrhea

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24
Q

what kind of diarrhea does EPEC cause?

A

malabsorptive diarrhea

EPEC → enteropathogenic E. Coli type of non toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E. coli

EPEC attach to microvilli in the small intestine and the proximal large intestine and cause a shape change → pedestal formation

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25
Q

where do EPEC tend to be most effective

A

distal small intestine and the proximal large intestine

enteropathogenic E. Coli type of non toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E. coli

cause malabsorptive diarrhea

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26
Q

EPEC causes characteristic ____ formation

A

attaching and effacing lesions (pedestals)

EPEC → enteropathogenic E. Coli type of non toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E. coli

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27
Q

AIEC

A

adherent invasive E. Coli type of non toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E. coli

will invade into enterocytes and survive in vacuoles and cause chronic inflammation and granuloma formation

boxer Dog colitis → treat with enrofloxacin (baytril)

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28
Q

AIEC can be treated with

A

enrofloxacin

baytril

also called Boxer Dog colitis

adherent invasive E coli → type of non toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E. coli

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29
Q

Boxer Dog colitis is caused by ___

A

AIEC
adherent invasive E. Coli type of non toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E. coli

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30
Q

what kind of diarrhea dos ETEC cause?

A

secretory diarrhea (watery and non bloody)

enterotoxigenic E. coli → type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E.coli

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31
Q

explain how ETEC works

A

ETEC → enterotoxigenic E. coli → type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E.coli

produces 2 major toxins

heat labile → cause increased activity of adenylate cyclase → increases intracellular cAMP → prevents Na absorption and increased Cl excretion → water follows salt

heat stable → same pathway but with cGMP

causes secretory diarrhea (watery and non bloody)

major caused of neonatal diarrhea in calves, lambs, piglets and foals (livestock)

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32
Q

__ is the major cause of neonatal production animal diarrhea

A

ETEC → enterotoxigenic E. coli → type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E.coli

cause secretory diarrhea (watery and non bloody)

heat labile and heat stable → prevents Na into cell → water leaves cell

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33
Q

what two toxins do ETEC produce

A

heat labile → activates adenylate cyclase → cAMP increases

heat stable → activates guanylate cyclase → cGMP increases

enterotoxigenic E. coli → type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E.coli

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34
Q

what are two non-toxigenic intestinal E. coli

A

EPEC→ enteropathogenic E. coli
AIEC → adherent and invasive E. coli

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35
Q

what are two types of toxigenic intestinal E. coli

A

ETEC → enterotoxigenic E coli

Shiga Toxin E. coli

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36
Q
A

ETEC → enterotoxigenic E. coli → type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E.coli

cause secretory diarrhea

toxins: heat labile and heat stable

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37
Q

STEC

A

shiga toxin → type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E. coli

cause blood diarrhea

will bind to Gb3 receptor on Endothelial cell→ endocytosis → causes adenine to be removed from ribosomes and halts protein synthesis → host cell death → ruptured capillaries/blood vessel walls

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38
Q

___ will Bind Gb3 (receptor on Endothelial cells)→ Endocytosis→ Removes an adenine from ribosome and halts protein synthesis→ Host cell death

A

STEC→ shiga toxin E coli → type of toxigenic intestinal E. coli

cause blood vessel damage → blood diarrhea

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39
Q

what type of E. coli causes bloody diarrhea

A

STEC→ shiga toxin E. coli → type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E. coli

40
Q
A

STEC → shiga toxin

also called pig edema disease

E. coli enterotoxemia

cause blood diarrhea

41
Q

pig edema disease is caused by

A

shiga toxin E. coli

STEC

F18 pili strain that produces Stx2e toxin

42
Q

what are the symptoms of Pig edema disease

A

sudden death, neurologic disease (paddling)

caused by F18 pili strain of E. coli that produces shiga toxin Stx2e

type of STEC → shiga toxin E. coli

43
Q

E. coli enterotoxemia is also called

A

pig edema disease

type of STEC → shiga toxin E. coli

44
Q

EHEC

A

enterohemorrhagic E. coli

produce both attaching and effacing lesions and produce shiga-like toxins

O157:H7 → asymptomatic in adult cattle → causes disease in humans (hemolytic uremic syndrome HUS)

type of shiga toxin→ type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E. coli

45
Q

EHEC produce both___ AND produce
___

A

attaching and effacing lesions

shiga-like toxins

enterohemorrhagic E. coli (O157:H7)

46
Q

____ is the prototype EHEC.

A

O157:H7

type of STEC (shiga toxin E. coli)

47
Q

EHEC can cause ___ in humans

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome

enterohemorrhagic E. coli (type of shiga toxin E. coli)

48
Q

___ are the asymptomatic reservoir of EHEC

A

adult cattle

O157:H7 → enterohemorrhagic E. coli → type of shiga toxin E. coli

49
Q

romaine lettuce can carry what type of E. coli

A

EHEC → enterohemorrhagic E. coli → type of shiga toxin E. coli → type of toxigenic intestinal E. coli

50
Q

what type of Agar is used to grow E. coli

A

MacConkey

lactose ferementer → bright pink +, dull tan -

made of crystal violet and bile salts

bile salts will kill off other bacteria but E. coli will survive and grow

51
Q

MacConkey Agar is used ___

A

E. coli → bright pink for + lactose fermenter

Salmonella → dull tan for - lactose fermenter

high bile acids to kill other bacteria

52
Q

how to identify E. coli in a sterile sample

A

culture with MacConkeys Agar

53
Q

how to identify E. coli in a non sterile site

A

PCR

identification of the toxin genes

54
Q

compare infectious dose of campylobacter vs salmonella

A

salmonella → very high 10,000s

campylobacter → very low 500!

55
Q

Salmonella ___ is the most common species

56
Q

___ is an acid sensitive gram - bacteria

A

salmonella

57
Q

salmonella is + or - lactose fermenter

A

negative

will grow as tan/dull on MacConkey agar plate

58
Q

what type of salmonella is common in turtles

A

salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae

59
Q

what is the leading bacterial food borne pathogen

A

salmonella

60
Q

salmonella takes ___ hours to cause symptoms

61
Q

symptoms of non host specialist strains of salmonella

A

acute or chronic GI illness

over 12 hours usually 3-5 days

fever, malaise, anorexia and vomiting, pain and diarrhea

diarrhea → watery, mucoid, bloody if severe

62
Q

when does salmonella cause septicemia

A

host restricted or host adapted serovars

host restricted → only cause illness in specific host→ S. typhi → typhoid fever in humans

host adapted → if another species gets that type will get diarrhea, if it is for the specific host will cause septicemia → S. Dublin → calves, cause pneumonia

63
Q

how do you make a diagnosis of salmonellosis

A

isolation of bacteria and clinical signs

use XLD agar (red ring around black circle) or MacConkey agar (dull tan)

64
Q

Salmonella is ___– a single negative culture NEVER rules out salmonellosis

A

shed intermittently

can be asymptomatically

65
Q

how to treat salmonella

A

supportive therapy→ fluids

diarrhea only → antibiotics can increase resistance and cause prolonged shedding! ANTIBIOTICS BAD

systemic disease→ TMS, chloramphenicol, 3rd gen cephalosporin, fluroquinolones

66
Q

why not treat diarrhea cause by salmonella with antibitotics

A

cause increased shedding and can lead to resistance

67
Q

___ is the agent of the plague

A

Yersinia pestis

zoonotic disease

rodent reservoir → ticks transfer to humans

68
Q

3 forms of plague

A

yersinia pestis

Bubonic Plague

pneumonic plaque

septicemic plague

69
Q

bubonic plague

A

Usually results from the bite of infected fleas. Lymphadenitis → “Bubos”

caused by yersinia pestis

70
Q

pneumonic plague

A

secondary severe pneumonia from other body sites. Direct infection by respiratory droplets, causing primary pulmonary plague in the recipients (human-to-human).

bubos to the lunds

caused by yersinia pestis

71
Q

septicemic plague

A

Dissemination of the infection in the bloodstream results in meningitis, endotoxic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

caused by yersinia pestis

72
Q

Cats are highly susceptible to plague and are a common source
of ____ infection in humans (owners and veterinarians).

A

Yersinia pestis

73
Q

clinical signs of plague in a cat

A

submandibular lymphadenitis

swollen lymph nodes → can look like an abscess

yersinia pestis

74
Q
A

plague → yersinia pestis

pasteurella

75
Q

plague looks ___ microscopically

A

bipolar staining, ovoid gram negative organism

safety pin appearance

yersinia pestis

76
Q

corn chip smell of dogs feet is from ___

A

proteus

P. mirabilis or P. vulgaris

77
Q

where is proteus found

A

soil, water and poop

78
Q

what two bacteria cause struvite urolithiasis

A

proteus

staphylococcus pseudintermedius

79
Q

proteus can cause what three symptoms

A

ear infection

UTI → struvite urolithiasis (staph pseudointermedius can also cause this→ urease +)

make feet smell like corn chips

80
Q
A

proteus (gram -)

81
Q

klebsiella is normally found ___

A

GI and mucosal surfaces

82
Q

klebsiella has a ___ that allows for it to survive in the host

A

capsule is a prominent virulence factor

83
Q

klebsiella is isolated from

___ (horses, swine, dogs)

___(mares)

____ (diabetic patients)

A

Secondary bacterial pneumonia

Endometritis

Abscesses

K. pneumoniae

84
Q
A

klebsiella → K. pneumoniae

large capsule

inherently resistant to ampicillin

85
Q

Klebsiella is resistant to ___

A

ampicillin

86
Q

___ causes skin infections, meningitis, bacteremia (bacterial blood
infection), pneumonia, and urinary tract infections. • OFTEN EXTENSIVELY DRUG RESISTANT

A

enterobacter cloacae

87
Q

____ occurs naturally in soil and water and produces a red pigment at room temperature.

A

serratia marcescens

cause urinary and respiratory infections, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septicemia, wound infections, eye infections, and meningitis. (ear infection)

88
Q

campylobacter look

A

sea gull shape

curved, spiral or S-shaped

one polar flagellum at one or both ends

89
Q

___ will have one polar flagellum at one or both ends

A

campylobacter

90
Q
A

campylobacter

gram - bacteria

91
Q

campylobacter like to grow in ___

A

microaerophilic (3-6% O2)

42 degrees → temp of the gut

requires a specific culture to grow in a lab

92
Q

campylobacter is found in the intestine of ___

93
Q

what is the infectious dose of campylobacter

A

very low!

only 500 cells

94
Q

what are two main species of campylobacter

A

C. jejuni → chicken(fowl), cattle dogs

C. coli → pigs and dogs

95
Q

campylobacter can cause ___ in humans

A

guillain- barre syndrome

96
Q

symptoms of campylobacter

A

Acute diarrhea - mild loose feces, mucus, watery or bile-streaked diarrhea, 5- 15 days duration, partial anorexia & occasional vomiting.

Diarrhea can be chronic and last 2 or more weeks, or it can be intermittent. In some cases it can be present for several months

usually found in young dogs, can be asymptomatic

97
Q

how to treat campylobacter

A

tylosin (tylan powder)

erythromycin

Fall 22: micro (25 decks)

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