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Fall 22: micro > Test 1: lecture 5: actinomycetia > Flashcards

Test 1: lecture 5: actinomycetia Flashcards

1
Q

actinomycetia are gram ___ ___ that ___ spores

A

positive rods

do not form

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2
Q

what are 4 non acid fast actinomycetia bacteria

A

gram positive rods, no spores

Corynebacterium (C. pseudotuberculosis → CL and pigeon fever. C. bovis→ scaly skin C. renale → pizzle rot C. urealyticum → encrusting cystitis)

Actinomyces→ A. bovis → lumpy jaw and fistulous withers

Trueperella → T. pyogenes → pus

Dermatophilus → D. congolensis→ railroad, rain rot and lumpy wool

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3
Q

what are three actinomycetia acid fast bacteria

A

Mycobacterium

Nocardia (partial beaded) → grass awns

Rhodocococcus (partial) → R. equi → lungs, gut, knees

(gram + rods, no spores)

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4
Q

___ are gram positive rods that appear “filamentous” and “branching” (especially in tissues)

A

actinomycetia Often normal flora OR saprophytes

Cause opportunistic infections in compromised tissues

A few “true” pathogens as well

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5
Q

____ are NORMAL flora of the cutaneous microbiome and are COMMON contaminant in aerobic cultures

A

corynebacterium

(type of non-acid fast actinomycetia→ gram positive filamentous rod)

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6
Q

balto carries antitoxin for ___

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

(gram + filamentous rod, non-acid fast actinomycetia)

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7
Q
A

coryneform

diphtheroid

dumbell clumped together

corynebacterium (gram + branching rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

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8
Q

CL is caused by ___

A

Caseous lymphadenitis (aka CL or CLA)

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (gram + rod, part of the actinomycetia)

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9
Q

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis cause

A

Caseous lymphadenitis (aka CL or CLA) in rumminants

pigeon fever in horses

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10
Q

___ is introduced during shearing and spreads to the lymph nodes and internal organs

A

CL Caseous lymphadenitis

caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

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11
Q

how to treat CL

A

cull → bacteria is resistant to treatment, also very contagious

caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (gram + rod)

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12
Q

how to treat pigeon fever

A

lance

caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (gram + rod)

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13
Q

pigeon fever

A

caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (gram + rod)

Pectoral abscessation in horse

  • Bacteria live in the soil and enter through wounds, broken skin or mucous membranes
  • Primarily found on west coast- dry seasons
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14
Q
A

Corynebacterium bovis (gram + rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

scaly skin disease

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15
Q

scaly skin disease is caused by ___

A

Corynebacterium bovis (gram + rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

seen in hairless lab mice

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16
Q

Corynebacterium bovis cause ___

A

scaly skin disease in hairless lab mice

environmental bovine mastitis

(gram + rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

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17
Q

Corynebacterium renale cause __

A

Pyelonephritis of cattle

• Pizzle rot in small ruminants

(gram + rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

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18
Q

pizzle rot is caused by

A

Corynebacterium renale

(gram + rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

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19
Q

Corynebacterium urealyticum cause

A

encrusting cystitis in dogs and cats

very drug resistant

may require surgical debridement

(gram + rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

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20
Q

encrusting cystitis is caused by ___

A

Corynebacterium urealyticum

(gram + , non acid fast actinomycetia)

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21
Q

Rhodococcus equi was previously called ___

A

corynebacterium equi

lives inside macrophages (can be polymorphic→ look different)

(gram + coccobacillus, partially acid fast actinomycetia)

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22
Q

___ effects foals around 6-12 weeks of age and is partially acid fast

A

Rhodoccooccus equi (previously Corynebacterium equi)

(gram + coccobacillus, partially acid fast actinomycetia)

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23
Q

how does rhodococcus equi spread

A
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24
Q

___ bacteria is common in the lungs, cecum and joints

A

rhodocococcus equi (previously corynebacterium equi)

leads to pyrogranulamatous pneumonia, ulcerative typhlocolitis, and septic arthritis

(gram + coccobacillus, partially acid fast actinomycetia)

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25
Q

rhodococcus equi leads to ___

A

pyrogranulamatous pneumonia, ulcerative typhlocolitis, and septic arthritis

(gram + coccobacillus, partially acid fast actinomycetia)

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26
Q

There is a direct relationship between the number of ___ cells in the environment of young foals and the number of pneumonia cases. Can multiply to extremely high numbers in intestines of young foal and be shed in the surrounding environment

A

Rhodococcus equi

27
Q

Pathogenicity of rhodocococcus strains mainly associated with presence of a ____- required for intracellular survival but mechanism is still poorly understood.

A

vapA gene

28
Q

treatment for R. equi

A

macrolide and Rifampin

Rhodococcus equi (gram + coccobacillus, partially acid fast actinomycetia)

29
Q

how does rifampin work

A

treatment for Rhodococcus equi

inhibits RNA synthesis

needs to be used in combo with drugs otherwise can form resistance quickly (single point mutation)

very good at penetrating abscesses and deep tissues

30
Q

actinomyces are gram __ and are shaped __

A

positive

filaments

31
Q

actinomyces prefer to live in ___

A

anaerobic (or facultatively anaerobic)

32
Q

actinomyces are found in the __

A

oral cavity

33
Q

___ are used to fight actinomyces

A

high dose penicillin (beta lactam → attack cell wall)

actinomyces (gram + rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

34
Q

___ causes lumpy jaw

A

actinomyces bovis

(gram + rod, non acid fast)

35
Q

___ is caused by eating rough silage that leads to injury of the mucosa and proliferative bone infection

A

lumpy jaw

actinomyces bovis (gram + rod, non acid fast)

36
Q

fistulous withers is caused by ___ and ___

A

actinomyces bovis and brucella abortus

37
Q

actinomyces cause ___ in horses and ___ in cows

A

fistulous withers

lumpy jaw

(gram + rod, non acid fast)

38
Q

nocardia is a strict ___ and is found ___

A

aerobe

enviroment→ dirt, grass

(gram + filamentous rods, partially acid fast)

39
Q

___ has a beady appearance, partially acid fast positive

A

nocardia (gram + filamentous rod)

40
Q

nocardia cause ___

A

skin and soft tissue infections following penetrative wounds, systemic infection in immunosuppressed animal → migrating grass awns

41
Q

what drug for nocardia

A

TMS (trimethoprim)

(potentiated sulfonamide → acts as bactericidal with ormetoprim → attack folic acid synthesis in two ways → very good tissue distribution)

42
Q

what kind of culture type to grow mycobacterium

A

mycobacterial culture

aerobic

43
Q

what kind of culture type to grow nocardia

A

aerobe

44
Q

what kind of culture for actinomyces

A

anaerobic culture

45
Q

where is mycobacterium found?

A

environment

46
Q

where is nocardia found

A

environement (dirt)

47
Q

where is actinomyces found

A

mouth

48
Q

acid fast + or - mycobacterium

A

positive

49
Q

acid fast + or - nocardia

A

partially positive

beaded apperance

50
Q

acid fast + or - actinomyces

A

no

51
Q

drug for mycobacterium

A

clarithromycin, FQ

52
Q

drug of choice for nocardia

A

TMS

53
Q

drug of choice for actinomyces

A

high dose penicillin

54
Q

Trueperella pyogenes

A

gram +, short rods, non acid fast

found on mucosal surfaces (nasal and oropharyngeal) of ruminants and swine

facultative anaerobe

COMMON agent of opportunistic, polymicrobial infections
• Chronic & VERY purulent • Mastitis, endometritis, pneumonia

treatment: penicillin and drainage

55
Q

___ is found on mucosal surfaces (nasal and oropharyngeal) of ruminants and swine

A

trueperella pyogenes

(gram + short rod, non acid fast)

56
Q

how to treat trueperella pyrogenes

A

penicillin and drainage

57
Q
A

trueperella pyogenes

(gram +, short rod, non acid fast)

58
Q

___ causes purulent mastitis, endometritis and pneumonia

A

trueperella pyogenes

(gram + short rod, non acid fast)

59
Q

___ looks like railroad tracks

A

dermatophilus congolensis

60
Q

trueperella pyogenes grows as a ___

A

facultative anaerobe

61
Q

dermatophilus congolensis grows as a __

A

aerobic

62
Q

dermatophilus congolensis cause ___ in horses and ___ in sheep

A

rain rot

lumpy wool

63
Q

how to treat dermatophilus congolensis

A

penicillin

(gram + railroad track rods, non acid fast)

Fall 22: micro (25 decks)

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