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Fall 22: micro > Test 1: mycoplasma and spirochetes > Flashcards

Test 1: mycoplasma and spirochetes Flashcards

1
Q

what is special about the build of mycoplasma

A

lack a cell wall → makes them flexible and very small

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2
Q

___ lack a cell wall and instead have a ___ membrane

A

Mycoplasma

cholesterol

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3
Q

why can’t mycoplasma be gram stained

A

no cell wall

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4
Q

do mycoplasma get their cholesterol from outside the cell or do they make it themselves?

A

from environment

why they are so small, they don’t have to build a lot of stuff

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5
Q

two divisions of mycoplasma

A

hemotropic mycoplasma

non-hemotropic mycoplasma

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6
Q

___ type of mycoplasma do not grow in media and cause ___ infections

A

hemotropic

blood borne infections

(grow on the surface of red blood cells→ pericellular)

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7
Q

___ type of mycoplasma can be cultured in a special media, cause ___ infections

A

non-hemotropic

tissue (respiratory, joint, mastitis)

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8
Q

how are hemotropic mycoplasma transmitted

A

tick and fleas

blood transfusions

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9
Q

how are non- hemotropic mycoplasma transmitted

A

host species specific

direct contract with secretions

+/- fomite spread

vertical transmission (mom to baby)

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10
Q

non-hemotropic mycoplasma have ___ transmission in poultry

A

vertical

mother to egg

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11
Q

pathogenesis of hemotropic mycoplasma

A

Subclinical infection for some species.

RBC’s destroyed leading to hemolysis → low PCV, icterus
• Unclear if immune or pathogen mediated

Occassionally secondarily autoantibodies will form against RBC’s → IMHA

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12
Q

pathogenesis of non-hemotropic mycoplasma

A

subclinical infection

inflammatory response

chronic carriage is common

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13
Q

what are three hemotropic mycoplasma

A

M. suis→ eperythrozooonosis→ fever, lethargy, icterus and low PCV

M. haemocanis → hemolytic anemia in splenoctimized/ immune compromised animals

M. haemofelis→ infectious feline anemia

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14
Q

what are the non-hemotropic mycoplasma found in birds

A

Avian mycoplasmas
• MG→ (gallisepticum) sinusitis, facial swelling, cough, nasal discharge, air sac lesions

MS→lameness, swelling of joints

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15
Q

what are the non-hemotropic mycoplasma found in cattle

A

Cattle mycoplasmas
• M. mycoides→ CBPP (foreign animal disease)
• M. bovis→ mastitis, bronchopneumonia (shipping fever), arthritis, meningitis, abortion

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16
Q

what are the non-hemotropic mycoplasma found in pigs

A

Swine
• M. hyopneumoniae→ porcine enzootic pneumonia
• M. hyorhinis→ polyserositis and arthritis
• M. hyosynoviae → polyarthritis

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17
Q

what are the non-hemotropic mycoplasma found in dogs and cats

A

Companion animals
• M. cynos→ URI in dogs
• M. felis→ URI→ conjuntivitis

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18
Q

Mycoplasma gallispeticum is what kind of mycoplasma

A

found in chicken and turkeys

facial swelling, cough, nasal discharge, air sac lesions

non-hemotropic mycoplasma → spread by vertical transmission(mother to egg) and spread laterally by direct or indirect contact

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19
Q

symptoms of MG

A

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (avian non-hemotropic mycoplasma)

sinusitus, coughing, nasal discharge, and severe air sac lesions.

Consequences of infection include mortality, carcass condemnation, and reduced egg production, hatchability, feed efficiency and weight gain.

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20
Q

symptoms of MS

A

Mycoplasma Synoviae (avian non-hemotropic mycoplasma)

Infectious synovitis resulting in lameness, swelling of joints, and tendon sheaths and retarded growth and egg production, subclinical upper respiratory infection

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21
Q

“MG” and ”MS” are controlled by ___ monitoring and ___

A

serologic

depopulation.

mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma gallispeticum (non-hemotropic avian mycoplasma)

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22
Q

Mycoplasma mycoides cause ___

A

CBPP→ contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

non-hemotropic cattle mycoplasma

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23
Q

___ is a foreign animal disease of cattle

A

mycoplasma mycoides

(non-hemotropic cattle mycoplasma)

  • *Eradicated** from US, Europe and Australia.
  • *Endemic** to Africa and Asia
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24
Q

where can you find Mycoplasma mycoides

A
  • *Eradicated** from US, Europe and Australia.
  • *Endemic** to Africa and Asia

(foreign animal disease)

(non-hemotropic cattle mycoplasma→ causes CBPP)

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25
Q

Mycoplasma bovis causes ___

A

mastitis and bronchopneumonia, arthritis, meningitis and abortion

(non-hemotropic cattle mycoplasma)

26
Q

___ is believed to be a predisposing factor in bovine respiratory disease (shipping fever).

A

mycoplasma bovis

(non-hemotropic cattle mycoplasma)

causes mastitis, pneumonia, arthritis, meningitis, abortion

27
Q

what type of cattle mycoplasma is found in the US and which is a foreign animal disease

A

Mycoplasma bovis → 1-8% of US herds

Mycoplasma mycoides → Eradicated from US, Europe and Australia. Endemic to Africa and Asia

28
Q

what are three non-hemotropic mycoplasma in pigs

A

M. hyosynoviae

M. hyorhinis

M. hyopneumoniae

29
Q

___is the agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia, an important economic problem affecting swine production worldwide.

A

M. hyopneumoniae (non-hemotropic swine mycoplasma)

30
Q

___ sporadic cause of polyserositis and arthritis in swine

A

M. hyorhinis (non-hemotropic pig mycoplasma)

31
Q

___( formery Eperythrozoon suis) is the agent of eperythrozooonosis
of swine.

A

M. suis

hemotropic swine mycoplasma

32
Q

symptoms of M. suis

A

fever, lethargy, icterus and low PCV

hemotropic pig mycoplasma

33
Q

____ is only mycoplasma commonly associated with respiratory disease in dogs.

A

M. cynos

(non-hemotropic canine mycoplasma)

34
Q

____ has been isolated from dogs with urogenital disease and infertility.

A

M. canis

non-hemotropic canine mycoplasma

35
Q

___occasionally leads to severe hemolytic anemia in immune compromised or splenectomized animals.

A

M. haemocanis

(hemotropic mycoplasma)

36
Q

___ is a significant agent of conjunctivitis in young (or herpes co-infected) cats.

A

M. felis

non-hemotropic mycoplasma in cats

37
Q

M. felis cause ___

A

ulcerative keratitis

conjunctivitis

(non-hemotropic feline mycoplasma)

38
Q

___ is the agent of infectious feline anemia.

A

M. haemofelis

(hemotropic mycoplasma)

39
Q
A

M. haemofelis

hemotropic mycoplasma found in cats

(pericellular)

40
Q

how to diagnosis hemotropic mycoplasma

A

Identification of organism on blood smear

CAN NOT grow in culture

PCR and serology are widely available for the well described pathogens in many species

41
Q

how to diagnosis non-hemotropic mycoplasma

A

culture (special methods)

PCR

not always clinically significant

42
Q

Can you use beta lactams on mycoplasma?

A

no→they do NOT have a cell wall

43
Q

___ can be used to treat mycoplasma

A

tetracyclines and macrolides

(NO BETA LACTAMS → NO cell wall)

44
Q

where is the flagella in spirochetes?

A

inside the periplasmic space

45
Q

what are the maintenance hosts of leptospira

A

rats (asymptomatic rodents)

wild and domestic animals

Infect renal tubules, shed massive amounts in urine with no clinical signs.

46
Q

how does lepto get into dogs

A

rodents carry asymptomatically→ infect renal tubules and shed in urine

dogs direct exposure to soil, surface water with urine inside

dogs → incidental host → symptomatic

47
Q

Lepto symptoms in dogs

A

dogs are incidental hosts

acute kidney injury +/- liver disease enzyme elevations/decreased platelets.

48
Q

Leptospira in horses cause ___

A

moon blindness (equine recurrent uveitis)

fever, icterus and abortion

49
Q

leptospira in cattle and swine cause ___

A

abortion, weak calves/piglets, septicemia

50
Q

how to diagnosis leptospira

A

PCR

point-of care assay for IgM and IgG in dogs

titer

51
Q

treatment for Lepto

A

tetracyclines

ampicillin can be used in clinical dogs but only docycycline has been shown to stop shedding (2 week course)

52
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi is spread by ___

A

lyme disease?

ticks → ixodes scapularis

53
Q

___ is the maintenance host for Borrelia burgdorferi

A

white footed mouse

54
Q

life cycle of borrelia byrgdorferi

A
55
Q

another name for the bulls eye formed from lyme disease

A

Erythema multiforme

56
Q

symptoms of Borrelia burgdorferi

A

lyme disease

fever of unknown origin, lethargy and lameness

57
Q

labs and goldens with lyme disease can develop

A

Lyme glomerulonephritis (Type III hypersensitivity reaction).

should be screened for proteinuria

58
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi in horses

A

Neck pain, gait abnormalities, dysphagia

• Poor prognosis

usually found post mortem→ cause intrathecal (CSF) antibody production

59
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi prevenetion

A

tick prevention

vaccines → OspA subunit

60
Q

how does OspA subunit vaccine work

A

used for lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi)

OspA is made by ticks

if you give OspA antigen to a horse, the horse will develop antibodies, when tick bites horse it will drink those antibodies and kill itself

61
Q

treatment for Borrelia burgdorferi

A

doxycycline (tetracyclines)

penicillins, eerythromycin and FQ

Antibody-based assays (SNAP tests)

62
Q

___
as agent of infectious feline anemia

A

M. haemofelis

Fall 22: micro (25 decks)

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