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Fall 22: micro > Test 2: mycology > Flashcards

Test 2: mycology Flashcards

1
Q

chemotropic nutrition

A

passively absorb nutrients from environment

feed on the dead

fungi

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2
Q

fungal cell wall

A

made mostly of sugar- polysaccharides

ergosterol

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3
Q

why are fungi considered bad antigens

A

poor immune response because cell wall has little protein- body tends to not see fungi

fungi have polysaccharide and ergosterol cell walls

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4
Q

antifungals attack

A

ergosterol in fungi cell wall

ergosterol found in other places- can cause side effects

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5
Q

2 forms of fungi

A

yeast
mold

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6
Q

yeast are —- fungi the reproduce via —

A

single cell
budding

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7
Q

mold are — fungi that reproduce via —

A

multicellular
filamentous structures called hyphae

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8
Q

— produce filamentous structures called hyphae

A

mold

type of fungi

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9
Q

— can switch between yeast and mold based on different environments

A

dimorphic fungi

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10
Q

— is non infectious and — is infectious in dimorphic fungi

A

yeast (in animals)
mold (in environment)

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11
Q

how do humans get dimorphic fungi

A

from the shared environment
not zoonotic

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12
Q

most diagnosis of fungi is by

A

cytology by a clinical pathologist

cytology= aspirate

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13
Q

a major differential for a fungal infection is —

A

pyogranulomatous inflammatory disease

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14
Q

fungi culture

A

can be dangerous for lab personal- send to special lab
takes 28days on special culture
susceptibilty testing very expensive

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15
Q

antigen testing for fungi

A

can lack specificity- cross reaction with plasmalyte fluids and antimicrobial drugs

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16
Q

antibody testing for fungi

A

fungi poor antigens- host does not really react
antibody test can be difficult

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17
Q

why is PCR difficult for fungi

A

cell wall is difficult to disrupt

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18
Q

thrush is caused by

A

Candida (yeast) (candidiasis)

nosocromial (hospital) infection caused by antimicrobial use

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19
Q

malassezia pachydermatis cause

A

Dermatitis, otitis and pododermatitis secondary to hypersensitivity is common.

crusty brown nails

pathogenic yeast

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20
Q

— look like gram + snowman or peanut

A

malassezia pachydermatis

pathogenic yeast- cause dematitis, otitis- crusty nails

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21
Q
A

malassezia pachydermatis

yeast- cause dermatitis, otitis, crusty nails

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22
Q

— causes nasal cryptococcosis in cats

A

cryptococcus neoformans
(C. gattii)

true pathogen- yeast- attack neuro and respiratory

23
Q

cryptococcus neoformans cause —

A

swelling in face- nasal crypotococcosis in cats and people

C. gattii can also cause this

pathogenic yeast- true pathogen

24
Q

— is a major neurologic and respiratory pathogen of immunosuppressed people and animals.

A

cryptococcus neoformans

inhaled from pigeon poop

nasal crytopcoccosis in cats- pathogenic yeast

25
Q

—- yeast is found in pigeon poop

A

cryptococcus neoformans
(C. gattii)

nasal swelling in cats

pathogenic yeast

26
Q
A

cryptococus neoformans
(C. gattii)

really big capsule!

yeast

27
Q

the capsule of — is the key antigen for antigen testing

A

crypotococcus neoformans
(c. gattii)

have very big capsule easy to test for

yeast

28
Q

two types of mold

A

hyaline
dematiaceous

29
Q

hyaline mold produce —-. can cause —- infections

A

no melanin
opportunistic
Hyalohyphomycosis.

30
Q

Dematiaceous molds produce —-. Can cause — infections called —

A

melanin
(rare) but severe
Chromoblastomycosis

31
Q

what type of mold produces melanin

A

Dematiaceous molds

(rare) but severe infections collectively called Chromoblastomycosis.

32
Q

what type of mold produces opportunistic infections

A

Hyaline molds produce no melanin. Can cause opportunistic infections called Hyalohyphomycosis.

33
Q

dermatophytes are caused by

A

hyaline molds (no pigment)

Microsporum (Nannezia), Trychophyton and Epidermaphyton

34
Q

ringworm is caused by

A

Dermatophytosis
hyaline mold (no pigment)

Microsporum canis

35
Q

— is the most common opportunisitic mold

A

aspergillus

36
Q

— is a type of mold that effects german shepherds

A

Systemic aspergillosis

37
Q

microsporum canis causes —

A

ringworm in cats
hyaline mold (no pigement)

38
Q

penicillium is a –

A

hyaline mold- no pigement

39
Q

Alternaria is a —

A

dematiaceous mold
produce melanin

black mold

40
Q

— is the sugar in the cell wall of aspergillus

A

galactomannan

mold fungi

41
Q

— causes rose handlers disease

A

sporothrix schenkii

dimorphic fungi- spread by contact with infected plants, rare cats to human

42
Q

sporothrix schenkii cause

A

lesions along face and limbs
rose handlers disease
spread by dimorphic fungi on plants
rare cats to human

43
Q

blastomyces dermatiditis is common to

A

great lakes region and east 1/2 of USA

dimorphic fungi

44
Q

blastomyces dermatiditis causes

A

Systemic disease (blastomycosis)- Respiratory and
Cutaneous common

dimorphic fungi

45
Q

how is blastomyces dermatiditis spread?

A

environmental soil
replicate in the lungs and then spread through the body in the blood

dimorphic fungi

46
Q
A

blastomyces dermatiditis

dimorphic fungi

47
Q

— is common fungi in the ohio river valley

A

histoplasma capsulatum

dimorphic fungi

48
Q

histoplasma capsulatum cause —

A

Systemic Disease (histoplasmosis): Respiratory, GI lesions

dimorphic fungi, ohio river

49
Q

— fungi is spread in bird and bat guano

A

histoplasma capsulatum

dimorphic fungi- ohio river valley

50
Q

—- causes valley fever

A

coccidiodes immitis

dimorphic fungi, southwest

51
Q

coccidiodes immitis cause

A

valley fever
Systemic Disease (coccidiomycosis):
Primarily respiratory, osteomyelitis,
cutaneous

dimorphic fungi, southwest

52
Q

how does coccidiodes immitis spread

A

fungi grow in soil of dry aird regions after a heavy rain

dimorphic fungi, southwest

53
Q
A

green- coccidiodes immitis- valley fever
blue- histoplasma capsulatum- bird and bat poop
orange- blastomyces dermatiditis

dimorphic fungi

Fall 22: micro (25 decks)

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