T6: History, Treatment, and Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Stone Age

A

drilled holes into skulls to release demons

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2
Q

Ancient Greeks + Romans

A

mentally ill had offended the gods. treated with prayer and religious rituals (exorcism, which was more like torture)

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3
Q

Hippocrates

A

Believed mental disorders had physical causes. Treatment was to change environment and give medicine

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4
Q

Middle Ages

A

Believed mentally ill were “bad people” caused by evil spirits. Treatment was to torture to drive out evil spirits.

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5
Q

Insane Asylums

A

Patients treated very poorly. Tortured, starved, put on display for entertainment, bled to remove “bad blood”

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6
Q

Enlightenment Names to Know

A

Philippe Pinel, Benjamin Rush, Dorothea Dix, Clifford Beers

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7
Q

Philippe Pinel

A

French physician, believed in moral, humane treatment for asylum inmates.

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8
Q

Benjamin Rush

A

american psychiatrist, believed mentally ill should not be put on display

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9
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

american nurse, campaigned for higher standards of care

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10
Q

Clifford Beers

A

Bioplar patient, wrote about his care in asylums (A Mind that Found Itself) credited as impetus for “mental health movement”

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11
Q

Modern Treatment Approaches

A

biomedical, psychoanalytic, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive

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12
Q

Biomedical Approach

A

psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), drug therapy

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13
Q

Lobotomy

A

destroys connection between prefrontal cortex and lower brain centers, treatment for severe depression, violence, and agitation. regularly performed in 1940s-50s.
-side effects: seizures, memory loss, inability to plan ahead, acting childishly

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14
Q

Split Brain Procedure

A

destroys Corpus Callosum. treatment for epilepsy.

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15
Q

Small Lesions of Limbic System

A

treatment for violent behavior

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16
Q

Cingulotomy

A

destroys connection of PFC to limbic system. treatment for extreme anxiety and OCD.

17
Q

Deep Brain Stimulation

A

activates areas of the brain artificially. treatment for Parkinson’s, depression, and epilepsy.

18
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A

involves passing electric current across patients head for a fraction of a second. introduced in 1934 as a treatment for schizophrenia. now is a treatment for major depression and bipolar disorder, in patients resistant to other treatments.
-side effects: amnesia, mental confusion
-unilateral ECT: as effective as traditional, less dangerous. mostly right hemisphere.