Q2: Motivation Emotion Stress 2 Flashcards
Emotion
psychological responses of the whole organism involving an interplay among the physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience.
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
States our body responds to stimuli then the physiological response of the body goes to the brain and makes us feel emotion.
stimulus->response->emotion
“i feel afraid bcs my heart is pounding”
Cannon Bard Theory of Emotion
states our body responds physiologically to a stimulus at the same time we experience emotions.
stimulus->response/emotions
“the dog makes me feel afraid and my heart is pounding”
Schacter-Singer (Two Factor) Theory of Emotion
states our body responds physiologically to a stimulus and we cognitively interpret the physical state to feel emotion
stimulus->response/cognitive appraisal->emotion
“my pounding heart means i’m afraid because i interpret the situation as dangerous.”
Lazarus Cognitive Mediated Theory of Emotion
states our brain evaluates a stimulus and that will determine how we physiologically and emotionally respond.
stimulus->appraisal->response/emotion
“i like dogs, so i’m excited to have a dog running to me”
Basic Emotions
by Caroll Izard. joy, excitement, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, guilt. all are actually very similar in the body, which is why polygraphs aren’t trustworthy, really.
Expressing Emotions
facial expressions for basic emotions are common in the world (gestures are different). facial feedback effect.
Facial Feedback Effect
Shows that our facial expressions can trigger emotional feelings and signal our body to respond accordingly. we mimic others’ expressions which helps us empathize.
Stress
complex set of reactions made by an individual under pressure to adapt.
stressors
sources of stress –– frustration, conflict, life events
frustration
blocking of a goal directed behavior. environmental/social, or personal.
Environmental/Social Frustration
caused by something or someone in the environment
Personal Frustration
caused by self
Conflict
occurs when a person must choose between incompatible goals/alternatives
positive goal
work towards
negative goal
work away from
Approach-Approach Conflict
must choose between two positive alternatives
Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict
must choose between two negative goals
Approach-Avoidance Conflict
working toward something but it has negative costs
Multiple Approach-Avoidance Conflict
must choose between several alternatives, both with positive and negative aspects (a pros and cons list)
Life Induced Stress
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). Hassles Scale.
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
stress results whenever life situations change. positive correlation between SRRS scenes and incidence of illness and disease.
Hassles Scale
measures smaller, less dramatic life events. hassles sometimes caused by pleasant and desired stressors. better predictor of symptoms such as anxiety and depression than the SRRS.
Individual Differences
people react in different ways to stress. “Hardy Personalities” will handle stress the best: see challenge as opportunity, control what they can control, and are actively engaged in life.
Learned Helplessness
Giving up when a task seems impossible.
Physiological Reactions
GAS. fight or flight. biological and psychological problems.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
physiological responses to chronic stressors. 1: alarm 2: resistance 3: exhaustion. body’s resistance to stress can only last so long before exhaustion sets in. often causes sicknesses.
Cortisol
released in fight or flight: suppresses immune system.
coping with stress
most effective way is to learn from stress.
-learn new way to obtain goal
-learn to modify goal
-learn to escape from conflict
-learn to avoid conflict
ineffective coping strategies
procrastination, aggression (caused by frustration), anxiety (disorder caused by stress)
Biofeedback
process of providing info to an individual about one’s bodily processes which are used to modify behavior-heart rate monitor. (meditation, relaxation, training, art, etc.)
