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AP Psych > Q4: Personality > Flashcards

Q4: Personality Flashcards

1
Q

personality

A

the affects, behavior, and cognitions of people that characterize them in a number of situations over time

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2
Q

personality theory

A

organized collection of testable ideas used to describe and explain personality
-psychoanalytic, behavioral-learning, cognitive, humanistic, trait

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3
Q

Psychoanalytic approach

A

baes on frued’s ideas. innate drives explain much of human behavior, unconscious molds and shapes it.
-3 parts of personality: Id, Ego, Superego
-defense mechanisms
-psychosexual developmental stages
goal: gain insights into a patient’s problems, resolution of repressed conflict.
positives: comprehensive theory, focuses on childhood, introduced defense mechanisms
negatives: key ideas can’t be tested, not based on evidence, doesn’t account for environment

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4
Q

Id

A

innate biological instincts and urges. born with it. operates on pleasure principle.

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5
Q

pleasure principle

A

biological urges and instincts

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6
Q

Ego

A

attempts to balance demands of id with the social world, uses defense mechanisms to prevent anxiety. developed in childhood.
operates on reality principle.

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7
Q

Superego

A

moral guard or conscience. develops in childhood.
operates on idealistic principle.

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8
Q

defense mechanisms

A

unconsciously applied techniques that protect the conscious self against strong feelings of anxiety. used by the Ego to satisfy the Id. all have evidence except for sublimation.

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9
Q

sublimation

A

no evidence: changes a desire to be socially acceptable. ex: pedophile becomes a teacher.

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10
Q

denial

A

denying that it happened

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11
Q

repression

A

removing/hiding things we want to forget

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12
Q

rationalization

A

“it’s not that bad”

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13
Q

fantasy

A

daydreaming

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14
Q

projection

A

thematic apperception test, putting your unconscious onto something else.

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15
Q

regression

A

go back in developmental stages

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16
Q

displacement

A

taking frustration and placing it someplace else ex: slamming the door

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17
Q

psychosexual development stages

A

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

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18
Q

oral stage

A

pleasure and satisfaction from oral activities.
-crisis: weaning
-fixation: leads to an excessive need for oral stimulation and gratification

19
Q

anal stage

A

pleasure and satisfaction from control of bladder and bowels
-crisis: toilet training
-fixation: leads to becoming overly neat or overly disorganized

20
Q

anal-retentive

A

overly neat

21
Q

anal-expulsive

A

overly disorganized

22
Q

phallic stage

A

pleasure and satisfaction from genitals.
development of superego
-crisis: oedipus/electra complex
-fixation: leads to crisis with sexuality/gender, penis envy in girls

23
Q

oedipus/electra complex

A

little boys sexually attracted to their moms, results in mimicking dad (vice versa in girls).

24
Q

latency period

A

development of ego. focus on learning about the world.
-crisis: none, sexual development is on hold

25
Q

genital stage

A

pleasure and satisfaction from genitals
-crisis: relating to the opposite sex

26
Q

behavioral learning approach

A

emphasized that personality is a collection of relatively stable learned behavior patterns.
classical and operant conditioning, observational learning
rejects idea that personality is made up of traits, focuses on situational determinants
-positives: emphasis on experimentation, development of therapy
-negatives: dehumanizes personality, not theoretical, more application of learning principles

27
Q

watson

A

learning in shaping behavior

28
Q

skinner

A

conditioning and consequences influencing

29
Q

bandura

A

observational/social learning

30
Q

neal miller

A

explained personality as habits

31
Q

habits

A

learned behavior patterns made of drives, responses, cues, and rewards

32
Q

cognitive approach

A

argued that personality is determined by one’s coping mechanisms, what you think, how you process info, and how you self regulate to attain goals.
everything builds from thoughts.
-positives: explains observations about personality, blends well with the trait approach
-negatives: hard to directly evaluate cognition

33
Q

humanistic approach

A

optimistic, claims that people have the ability to shape their destiny and biological, instinctive and environmental influences can be overcome. emphasizes wholeness or completeness rather than structural parts
-positives: reminds us of wholeness of personality, points out dangers of analyzing personality in small units, positive and optimistic
-negatives: many principles are untestable, striving to become fully functioning or self actualized are not universal goals

34
Q

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

physiological, safety, belonging/love, self esteem, self-actualization

35
Q

trait approach

A

empirically based.
gordon allport, raymond cattell, hans eysenck.
four basic temperaments: sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, melancholic
the big five model
-positives: provides a way to measure the important dimensions of personality, shows how measured traits are related.
-negatives: disagreement on number of traits needed to define personality

36
Q

trait

A

any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual differs from others. biological predispositions.

37
Q

empirically based

A

relied on research using carefully constructed tests

38
Q

gordon allport

A

claimed traits could be ranked in a hierarchy in terms of degree to which they influence behavior:
cardinal traits, central traits, secondary traits

39
Q

raymond cattell

A

attributed surface traits to the existence of 16 underlying source traits: 16 Personality Factor (16PF)

40
Q

Hans Eysench

A

claimed personality related mostly to whether you are introverted/extroverted and whether your are stable/unstable

41
Q

the big five model

A

identifies five universal dimensions of personality that have the most research support.
extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience.

42
Q

personality assessment

A

goals: diagnosis, theory building, behavioral prediction.
techniques: behavioral observations, interviews, projection techniques, paper and pencil tests

43
Q

holland code

A

choosing a career that fits your personality is a vital step toward success.
-lists activities that could be performed, gives personality types

AP Psych (23 decks)

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