Q5: Intelligence

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

intelligence is what intelligence tests measure (academically: the capacity to act purposefully, think rationally, and adapt to environment)

Question 2

Spearman’s general intelligence (g)

Answer 2

a basic intelligence predicts our abilities in varied academic areas.
strengths: different abilities do have some tendency to correlate
weaknesses: abilities are too diverse to be encapsulated by a single factor

Question 3

Thurstone’s primary mental abilities

Answer 3

our intelligence may be broken down into seven factors: word fluency, verbal comprehension, special ability, inductive reasoning, memory.
strengths: a single score is not as informative as scores for seven
weaknesses: even these 7 mental abilities tend to cluster

Question 4

Gardner’s multiple intelligences

Answer 4

our abilities are best classified into eight independence intelligences, which include a broad range of skills beyond traditional school smarts
strengths: intelligence is more than just verbal + mathematical skills
weaknesses: should all of our abilities be considered intelligences?

Question 5

Sternberg’s triarchic

Answer 5

our intelligence is best classified into three areas that predict our real-world success: analytical, creative, and practical.
strengths: these 3 facets can be reliably measured
weaknesses: may still cluster. more testing is needed to determine further

Question 6

Psychological tests

Answer 6

objective standardized measure of a sample of behavior

Question 7

objective

Answer 7

fair and consistent

Question 8

Intelligence tests

Answer 8

Standford-Binet, Wechsler Tests (WAIS), SAT

Question 9

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 9

facts and figures, increases with age

Question 10

fluid intelligence

Answer 10

processing speed, problem solving, creative thought, decreases with age

Question 11

reliability

Answer 11

gives consistent results

Question 12

validity

Answer 12

measures or predicts what it is supposed to: content validity, predictive validity

Question 13

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Answer 13

(initially: mental age/actual age x 100)
deviation IQ

Question 14

Deviation IQ

Answer 14

obtained statistically from a person’s relative standing in his or her age group.
Avg = 100, 68% = 85-115, 95%=70-130

Question 15

nature vs nurture for intelligence

Answer 15

environment has an impact and so does biology

Question 16

IQ above 130

Answer 16

intellectually gifted

Question 17

IQ below 70

Answer 17

intellectually disabled

Question 18

Lewis Terman “Termites”

Answer 18

study of the mentally gifted, began in the 1920s. longitudinal study.
found that gifted children had advantages in virtually everything: taller, faster, better coordinated, fewer emotional problems
more education, better jobs, brighter kids
does not guarantee a happy life

Question 19

intellectual disability

Answer 19

mild: IQ 50-70, can learn up to sixth grade level
moderate: IQ 35-50, up to 2nd grade
severe: IQ 20-35, may learn to talk + do simple tasks
profound: IQ <20, require constant aid and supervision
75% of all cases have no known cause

Question 20

Down’s Syndrome

Answer 20

caused by extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21)
more likely to occur as parental age goes up
physical signs, and persons can fall into any level of intellectual disability

Question 21

trisomy 21

Answer 21

chromosome 21

Question 22

Fragile X Syndrome

Answer 22

caused by expansion of CGG on X chromosome, more likely in males than females
long faces, big ears, large testes. notable intellectual declines after puberty.

Question 23

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 23

occurs due to a mutation in gene that produces an enzyme that normally breaks down chemicals in food.
results in accumulation of chemicals that hinder brain development.
treated with a special diet.