Q6: Remaining Senses and Perception

Question 1

The Chemical Senses

Answer 1

Taste, smell

Question 2

taste

Answer 2

gustation (sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami)
receptor: taste bud
gustatory cortex

Question 3

smell

Answer 3

olfaction (chemicals in the air)
receptor: hair cells
olfactory cortex

Question 4

taste bud

Answer 4

sensory receptor cells for taste that are located on the tongue. regenerate every 14 days in a specific orientation.

Question 5

Hair cells

Answer 5

sensory receptor cells for smell that are located high in the nasal cavity. can regenerate (in a specific orientation), making them unique neural cells.

Question 6

skin senses

Answer 6

touch, pressure, warmth, cold, pain

Question 7

skin

Answer 7

contains sensory receptor cells that code for the skin senses.
somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)

Question 8

position senses

Answer 8

(spacial awareness)
kinesthetic sense
vestibular sense

Question 9

kinesthetic sense

Answer 9

tells us about movement of body parts and their position in relation to each other
receptors in joints, ligaments, and muscles

Question 10

vestibular sense

Answer 10

tells us about balance and position of body in space
receptors in semicircular canals + vestibular sacs of inner ear

Question 11

Perception

Answer 11

(unique to each individual) cognitive process that involves the selection, organization, and interpretation of stimuli

Question 12

salient detail

Answer 12

stimuli that captures your attention

Question 13

peripheral detail

Answer 13

background stimuli / everything else

Question 14

stimulus factors

Answer 14

things about the stimulus itself: make some stimuli more compelling: contrast, intensity, size, motion, repetition

Question 15

personal factors

Answer 15

characteristics of a perceiver that influence which stimuli get attended to. what we perceive is influenced by our past experiences, expectations, and motivation.

Question 16

mental set

Answer 16

when we are predisposed to perceive something ex: “paris in the the spring” , proofreading your own work vs someone else’s.

Question 17

types of processing

Answer 17

bottom-up processing, top-down processing

Question 18

bottom-up processing

Answer 18

(stimulus factors) when what we perceive is determined by the pieces of info we receive from our senses

Question 19

top-down processing

Answer 19

(personal factors) when what we perceive is determined by what the perceiver already knows

Question 20

gestalt processing

Answer 20

law of proximity, law of similarity, closure+contours

Question 21

law of proximity

Answer 21

stimulus factor, bottom-up processing, how close together things are

Question 22

law of similarity

Answer 22

stimulus factor, bottom-up processing, differences in similarity

Question 23

closure + contours

Answer 23

stimulus factor, bottom-up processing, overlapping triangle + circles picture

Question 24

Occular cues

Answer 24

built into visual system: binocular and monocular.

Question 25

binocular cues

Answer 25

2 eyes
-retinal disparity (thumb over clock thing)
-convergence (eye angle, cross-eyes)

Question 26

monocular cues

Answer 26

1 eye
-accommodation (lens shape)
-physical cues (linear perspective, interposition, relative size, texture gradient, patterns of shading, motion parallax)

Question 27

perceptual constancies

Answer 27

allows you to perceive aspects of your world as a constant, despite the fact that the image displayed on the retina may change: size, shape, brightness, and color consistency.