Q6: Abnormalities

Question 1

abnormal

Answer 1

maladaptive affects, behaviors and cognition that are at odds with societal expectations and result in distress or discomfort.

Question 2

maladaptive

Answer 2

not able to function normally

Question 3

diagnosis

Answer 3

act of recognizing a disorder on the basis of specified symptoms (DSM-5)

Question 4

problems with classification / labeling

Answer 4

can be dehumanizing, don’t explain behaviors, can create lasting stigmas, comorbidity

Question 5

insanity

Answer 5

(time of the crime) legal term, requires evidence that they didn’t know/understand consequences, difference between right/wrong, or unable to control actions

Question 6

competence

Answer 6

(time of the trial) understand courtroom procedures, aid in defense.

Question 7

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 7

feeling of general apprehension or dread accompanied by predictable psychological changes. sympathetic nervous system.
-Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, phobic Disorder, PTSD

Question 8

Beta Blockers

Answer 8

inhibit SNS activation

Question 9

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 9

persistent, excessive levels of anxiety. anxiety has a free floating quality in that it is not tied to a particular object or situation.

Question 10

panic disorder

Answer 10

repeated panic attacks accomplished by persistent concern about future attacks. panic attacks have strong physiological symptoms. onset is unpredictable

Question 11

phobias / phobic disorders

Answer 11

persistent and excessive fear of an object, activity, or situation. avoidance of phobic object is negatively reinforced by relief.
treatment: therapy with systemic desensitization
watson’s little albert experiment shows that phobias can be learned.

Question 12

obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd)

Answer 12

recurrent obsessions and or compulsions. repetitive cycle may ensue in which obsessions cause anxiety that is partially relieved by compulsions.

Question 13

obsessions

Answer 13

ideas or thoughts that involuntarily and constantly intrude into awareness

Question 14

compulsions

Answer 14

repetitive behavior

Question 15

post traumatic stress disorder (ptsd)

Answer 15

maladaptive reaction to traumatic events or stressors. encounter lingering problem with adjustment, often for years after an event.
event does not have to happen personally, just be witnessed in some way.
gets worse with time.

Question 16

somatoform disorders

Answer 16

involve physical bodily symptoms or complaints with no known medical or biological cause for disorder.
-somatic symptom disorder, conversion disorder

Question 17

somatic symptom disorder

Answer 17

interpreting normal body sensations as proof of disease, expressing anxieties through bodily complaints, and/or disabling pain with no identifiable basis.

Question 18

conversion disorder

Answer 18

loss or altering of physical, often neurological, function that suggests a physical disorder, but not with any medical explanation. can be sensory or motor. doesn’t cause the sufferer any distress.

Question 19

glove anasthesia

Answer 19

type of conversion disorder. loss of sensitivity in the areas of skin that would normally be covered by a glove. medically, everything is intact.

Question 20

dissociative disorders

Answer 20

retreat or escape from some aspect of one’s experience or one’s personality. can be dramatic or subtle.
-dissociative identity disorder, dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue.

Question 21

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 21

development of multiple personalities within the same individual. may represent a type of psychological defense against trauma or unbearable abuse from childhood.
fMRIs look different for the personalities.
personalities can have their own traits, manner of speech, memories, and medical conditions.

Question 22

dissociative amnesia

Answer 22

loss of memory that cannot be explained as the result of a head trauma/physical cause. typically involves loss of memories associated with a specific traumatic event.

Question 23

dissociative fugue

Answer 23

amnesiac forgetfulness accompanied by a change of location with no medical explanation for amnesia. outward behaviors appear normal, so it’s hard to identify. possibly assuming a new identity to make up for the loss. no panic associated with loss of/lack of memories.

Question 24

personality disorders

Answer 24

long-lasting patterns of perceiving, relating, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are maladaptive and inflexible and cause either impaired functioning or distress. symptoms begin in childhood, can’t be diagnosed until 18 yrs old.
-antisocial, paranoid, narcissistic, dependent, histrionic

Question 25

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 25

not good to other people. manipulative, an exceptional lack of regard for the rights and properties of others, accompanied by impulsive, often criminal, behavior.

Question 26

paranoid personality disorder

Answer 26

high levels of suspiciousness of the motives and intentions of others but without outright paranoid delusions.

Question 27

narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 27

reflects grandiose exaggeration of self importance. an excessive need for attention and admiration.

Question 28

dependent personality disorder

Answer 28

pattern of excessive dependence on others and difficulty making independent decisions.

Question 29

histrionic personality disorder

Answer 29

dramatic and emotional behavior, excessive demands to be the center of attention, excessive need for reassurance, praise, and approval.

Question 30

mood disorders

Answer 30

disturbance in emotional reactions or feelings with the duration and/or intensity or extreme nature of the mood is the major symptom.
-major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, bipolar disorder

Question 31

major depressive disorder

Answer 31

downcast mood, feelings of hopelessness, changes in sleep patterns or appetite, loss of motivation, loss of pleasure in pleasant activities. following a depressive episode, person may return to functioning. recurrences are common.
-seasonal affective disorder

Question 32

diathesis stress model

Answer 32

depression results from the interaction of inherited predisposition and the experience of stress or trauma.

Question 33

seasonal affective disorder (sad)

Answer 33

depression that occurs during fall and winter months. typically treated with phototherapy.

Question 34

dysthymic disorder

Answer 34

a chronic pattern of mild depression. person feels “down in the dumps” most of the time, but not as severely depressed as with m.d.d.

Question 35

bipolar disorder

Answer 35

periods of shifting moods between mania and depression, perhaps with intervening periods of normal mood. manic episodes are characterized by pressured speech, flight of ideas, poor judgement, hyperactivity, and inflated mood and sense of self, not needing sleep.
treated with lithium.

Question 36

psychotic disorders

Answer 36

striking changes in thinking, behavior, and emotion: reflecting a loss of contact with shared views of reality.
-Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia

Question 37

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 37

major disturbances in memory, reasoning, judgement, impulse control, and personality.
related to: genetic predisposition, obesity, heart disease, diabetes, head injury.
can only be certainly diagnosed at autopsy: low levels of acetylcholine.

Question 38

dimentia

Answer 38

marked loss of intellectual abilities (memory, judgement, and impulse control)

Question 39

schizophrenia

Answer 39

delusions, hallucinations, bizarre behavior, incoherent or loosely connected speech, inappropriate emotions or lack of emotional expression, social withdrawal.
becomes prevalent in 20s-30s.
distortion of reality, retreat from people, disturbances in ABC. no clear cause.

Question 40

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 40

decrease in normal functioning.
poor attention, apathy, reduced energy, social withdrawal.

Question 41

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 41

addition of abnormal behavior. hallucinations and delusions, distorted thinking + speech, bizarre behavior. blocking dopamine prevents these.

Question 42

hallucination

Answer 42

false perceptions

Question 43

delusions

Answer 43

false beliefs

Question 44

Childhood disorders

Answer 44

Autism Spectrum Disorder, PKU

Question 45

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Answer 45

disorder of impaired social interaction, problems with communication, and unusual or severely limited activities and interests.
characterized by: deficits in social communication and interaction, restricted/repetitive behaviors and interests.
diagnosed in childhood.

Question 46

Eating disorders

Answer 46

anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder.