Q7: Treatment

Question 1

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Answer 1

uses magnetic pulses to temporarily block activity in specific parts of the brain.
-treats: depression, OCD, PTSD, chronic pain, migranes

Question 2

Drug Therapy

Answer 2

Treatment type using medicine. Prescribed by a psychiatrist.

Question 3

Psychoactive Drugs

Answer 3

chemicals that alter a persons affect, behavior, or cognition.
-used to reduce/control symptoms of disorders
-antianxiety, antidepressants, antipsychotics

Question 4

Antianxiety Drugs

Answer 4

Help reduce the felt aspect of anxiety by inducing calmness and reducing muscle tension. treats anxiety disorders.
-Types: barbiturates, benzodiazepines, beta-blockers.

Question 5

Barbiturates

Answer 5

least safe. increase GABA receptor signaling.
effects: dependency, addiction, mental clouding/loss of judgement, coma, death.

Question 6

Benzodiazepines

Answer 6

increase effectiveness of GABA.
effects: dependency, addiction

Question 7

Beta Blockers

Answer 7

safest. inhibit beta adrenaline receptors which mediate signaling of sympathetic nervous system. prevent adrenaline (norepinephrine) from binding.
effects: fatigue, headache, upset stomach, GI distress

Question 8

AntiDepressants

Answer 8

can also treat anxiety. elevate the mood of persons who are depressed.
types: monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOis), Tricyclic AntiDepressants (TCA), Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Question 9

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOis)

Answer 9

inhbit enzyme that breaks down 5HT (serotonin), NE (norepinephrine), DA (dopamine). increases their levels.

Question 10

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)

Answer 10

inhibit reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, increasing amount in the synapse.

Question 11

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer 11

prescribed first for both depression and anxiety. inhibit reuptake of serotonin. increases serotonin levels. Prozac.

Question 12

Prozac

Answer 12

an SSRI

Question 13

Antipsychotic Drugs

Answer 13

alleviate or eliminate psychotic symptoms with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and substance abuse. block dopamine receptors and are effective at treating positive symptoms but not negative ones.

Question 14

Law of Thirds

Answer 14

no drug is consistently more effective than any other, but an individual may be more responsive to one over another.

Question 15

Psychoanalytic approach to treatment

Answer 15

id, ego, superego.
goal is to gain insight into a problem, then solve the problem.
techniques: free association, resistance, dream interpretations, transference.

Question 16

Free association

Answer 16

patients say whatever enters their minds

Question 17

resistence

Answer 17

unwillingness or inability to discuss some aspect of one’s life

Question 18

dream interpretations

Answer 18

“royal road” to unconscious. manifest + latent content.

Question 19

transference

Answer 19

patients start viewing therapist as they view another important person in their life

Question 20

Humanistic Approach

Answer 20

based on the idea that people can take charge of themselves and their futures, they can grow and change.
goal is to help clients grow and develop to the best of their potential.
focused on the present.
Carl Rogers - Client-Centered Therapy
Fritz Perls - Gestalt Therapy

Question 21

Carl Rogers

Answer 21

client centered therapy

Question 22

fritz perls

Answer 22

gestalt therapy

Question 23

client centered therapy

Answer 23

rogers. promotes self growth by helping clients become more aware of, and accepting of, their inner feelings, needs, and interests.
therapist attempts to mirror the feelings of the client through active listening, being empathetic, and giving unconditional positive regard.

Question 24

gestalt therapy

Answer 24

perls. helps clients develop a unified sense of self by bringing into present awareness their true feelings and conflicts with others.
therapist takes direct and even confrontational role to help clients recognize underlying feelings.
empty chair method. role playing.

Question 25

behavioral approach

Answer 25

based on principles of learning and assumption that maladaptive behaviors are learned, and thus can be unlearned.
goal is to modify maladaptive behaviors and replace them with healthier ones.

Question 26

systemic desensitization

Answer 26

applying classical conditioning to ease feelings of anxiety. treats phobic disorder.

Question 27

exposure and response prevention (flooding)

Answer 27

treatment for OCD. exposed to stimulus that triggers obsession or compulsion and imagine consequences they fear without engaging in OCD compulsions.

Question 28

aversion therapy

Answer 28

applying classical conditioning to stop a specific behavior. treatment for addictions. not common and rarely affective by itself. tend to suppress behaviors for a short time. works in conjunction with other therapies.

Question 29

operant conditioning methods

Answer 29

use operant conditioning to modify behavior goal is to have a person appreciate consequences of their behavior. rewards for appropriate behaviors, no reinforcement for inappropriate ones.
-contingency management, contingency contracting

Question 30

contingency management

Answer 30

management of rewards and punishments

Question 31

contingency contracting

Answer 31

establishing a contract so that certain behaviors will result in certain awards.

Question 32

modeling

Answer 32

the acquisition of appropriate responses through the imitation of a model. introduced by Albert Bandura. treatment for phobias in children, also assertiveness training.

Question 33

cognitive approach

Answer 33

based on an idea that beliefs, thoughts, perception, and attitude matter the most.
-proposed by albert ellis and aaron beck.
goal is to change how clients feel.

Question 34

Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)

Answer 34

Albert Ellis. basic premise is that psychological problems arise when people try to interpret what happens in the world on a basis of irrational beliefs.
therapist takes a directive and sometimes constructive role in interpreting the client’s beliefs and encourages active change.

Question 35

Cognitive Restructing Therapy

Answer 35

Aaron Beck. helps people identify concert errors in thinking and replace them with rational alternatives.
therapist takes a gentle collaborative approach to help clients identify and correct any distortions in thinking.

Question 36

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 36

combines techniques to change behavior and thoughts. involves establishing “problem ownership”
treatment for depression, panic disorder, and bulima.
very effective in patients with severe depression, more than antidepressants used alone.

Question 37

Eclectic Therapy

Answer 37

differences not as clear cut as they may seem. many therapists adopt principles and techniques from different schools of therapy.

Question 38

evaluating psychotherapy

Answer 38

generally, is effective. more positive results with than without. difficult to really evaluate. difficulty defining recovery.
no one approach is better than another, it’s determined by the individual patient and their needs.

Question 39

Empirically Supported Therapies (ESTs)

Answer 39

treatments for specific disorders found to be effective

Question 40

psychiatrist

Answer 40

M.D. prescribe meds.