Q7: Treatment Flashcards
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
uses magnetic pulses to temporarily block activity in specific parts of the brain.
-treats: depression, OCD, PTSD, chronic pain, migranes
Drug Therapy
Treatment type using medicine. Prescribed by a psychiatrist.
Psychoactive Drugs
chemicals that alter a persons affect, behavior, or cognition.
-used to reduce/control symptoms of disorders
-antianxiety, antidepressants, antipsychotics
Antianxiety Drugs
Help reduce the felt aspect of anxiety by inducing calmness and reducing muscle tension. treats anxiety disorders.
-Types: barbiturates, benzodiazepines, beta-blockers.
Barbiturates
least safe. increase GABA receptor signaling.
effects: dependency, addiction, mental clouding/loss of judgement, coma, death.
Benzodiazepines
increase effectiveness of GABA.
effects: dependency, addiction
Beta Blockers
safest. inhibit beta adrenaline receptors which mediate signaling of sympathetic nervous system. prevent adrenaline (norepinephrine) from binding.
effects: fatigue, headache, upset stomach, GI distress
AntiDepressants
can also treat anxiety. elevate the mood of persons who are depressed.
types: monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOis), Tricyclic AntiDepressants (TCA), Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOis)
inhbit enzyme that breaks down 5HT (serotonin), NE (norepinephrine), DA (dopamine). increases their levels.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)
inhibit reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, increasing amount in the synapse.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
prescribed first for both depression and anxiety. inhibit reuptake of serotonin. increases serotonin levels. Prozac.
Prozac
an SSRI
Antipsychotic Drugs
alleviate or eliminate psychotic symptoms with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and substance abuse. block dopamine receptors and are effective at treating positive symptoms but not negative ones.
Law of Thirds
no drug is consistently more effective than any other, but an individual may be more responsive to one over another.
Psychoanalytic approach to treatment
id, ego, superego.
goal is to gain insight into a problem, then solve the problem.
techniques: free association, resistance, dream interpretations, transference.
Free association
patients say whatever enters their minds
resistence
unwillingness or inability to discuss some aspect of one’s life
dream interpretations
“royal road” to unconscious. manifest + latent content.
transference
patients start viewing therapist as they view another important person in their life
Humanistic Approach
based on the idea that people can take charge of themselves and their futures, they can grow and change.
goal is to help clients grow and develop to the best of their potential.
focused on the present.
Carl Rogers - Client-Centered Therapy
Fritz Perls - Gestalt Therapy
Carl Rogers
client centered therapy
fritz perls
gestalt therapy
client centered therapy
rogers. promotes self growth by helping clients become more aware of, and accepting of, their inner feelings, needs, and interests.
therapist attempts to mirror the feelings of the client through active listening, being empathetic, and giving unconditional positive regard.
gestalt therapy
perls. helps clients develop a unified sense of self by bringing into present awareness their true feelings and conflicts with others.
therapist takes direct and even confrontational role to help clients recognize underlying feelings.
empty chair method. role playing.
behavioral approach
based on principles of learning and assumption that maladaptive behaviors are learned, and thus can be unlearned.
goal is to modify maladaptive behaviors and replace them with healthier ones.
systemic desensitization
applying classical conditioning to ease feelings of anxiety. treats phobic disorder.
exposure and response prevention (flooding)
treatment for OCD. exposed to stimulus that triggers obsession or compulsion and imagine consequences they fear without engaging in OCD compulsions.
aversion therapy
applying classical conditioning to stop a specific behavior. treatment for addictions. not common and rarely affective by itself. tend to suppress behaviors for a short time. works in conjunction with other therapies.
operant conditioning methods
use operant conditioning to modify behavior goal is to have a person appreciate consequences of their behavior. rewards for appropriate behaviors, no reinforcement for inappropriate ones.
-contingency management, contingency contracting
contingency management
management of rewards and punishments
contingency contracting
establishing a contract so that certain behaviors will result in certain awards.
modeling
the acquisition of appropriate responses through the imitation of a model. introduced by Albert Bandura. treatment for phobias in children, also assertiveness training.
cognitive approach
based on an idea that beliefs, thoughts, perception, and attitude matter the most.
-proposed by albert ellis and aaron beck.
goal is to change how clients feel.
Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)
Albert Ellis. basic premise is that psychological problems arise when people try to interpret what happens in the world on a basis of irrational beliefs.
therapist takes a directive and sometimes constructive role in interpreting the client’s beliefs and encourages active change.
Cognitive Restructing Therapy
Aaron Beck. helps people identify concert errors in thinking and replace them with rational alternatives.
therapist takes a gentle collaborative approach to help clients identify and correct any distortions in thinking.
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
combines techniques to change behavior and thoughts. involves establishing “problem ownership”
treatment for depression, panic disorder, and bulima.
very effective in patients with severe depression, more than antidepressants used alone.
Eclectic Therapy
differences not as clear cut as they may seem. many therapists adopt principles and techniques from different schools of therapy.
evaluating psychotherapy
generally, is effective. more positive results with than without. difficult to really evaluate. difficulty defining recovery.
no one approach is better than another, it’s determined by the individual patient and their needs.
Empirically Supported Therapies (ESTs)
treatments for specific disorders found to be effective
psychiatrist
M.D. prescribe meds.
