Q1: History and Approaches

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

the science that studies behavior and mental processes. (research method approach)

Question 2

ABC’s

Answer 2

Affect
Behavior
Cognition

Question 3

Aristotle

Answer 3

knowledge through observation

Question 4

Descartes

Answer 4

Developed idea of interactive dualism.

Question 5

interactive dualism

Answer 5

view that mind and body are separate entities, but interact and influence each other. (placebo effect)

Question 6

John Locke

Answer 6

developed idea of empiricism

Question 7

empiricism

Answer 7

view that experience and observations are the sources of idea and memories.

Question 8

Charles Darwin

Answer 8

developed idea of evolution

Question 9

evolution

Answer 9

those that adapt to environment have greatest chance of survival. mental or physical.

Question 10

Fechner

Answer 10

studied psychophysics (relationship between physical properties to psychological experience).

Question 11

Hermann von Helmholtz

Answer 11

developed theory on color perception (spinning black and white wheel looks colorful)

Question 12

Structuralism

Answer 12

leader: Wilhelm Wundt
question: how is the mind structured?
methods: introspection and experimentation on sensation and perception. break mental experiences into their smallest components.

Question 13

functionalism

Answer 13

leader: william james
question: how does the mind function to allow us to adapt to our environments.
methods: introspection, experimentation (animal research)

Question 14

Behaviorism

Answer 14

leaders: John Watson and B.F. Skinner
questions: what do people do? how does experience shape behaviors?
methods: observation of behavior. experiments on learning.

Question 15

Psychoanalytic

Answer 15

leader: Sigmund Freud
question: how do instincts and the unconscious mind influence feelings, actions, thoughts?
methods: psychoanalysis– analysis of thoughts, free association, dreams, and freudian slips.

Question 16

Humanistic

Answer 16

leader: carl rogers, maslow
question: how do people pursue goals that give their lives a sense of meaning and purpose?
methods: psychotherapy to aid self actualization.

Question 17

Gestalt

Answer 17

leader: wertheimer
questions: what’s the big picture? how does the brain organize our perceptions, so that we perceive organized patterns or wholes?
methods: emphasized “the whole is more than a sum of its parts”

Question 18

modern approaches

Answer 18

behavioral, biological (brain), cognitive (thought), evolutionary, humanistic (positive psychology), psychodynamic (modern freud), social-cultural

Question 19

basic research

Answer 19

conduct research to increase base knowledge

Question 20

applied psychology

Answer 20

use knowledge to solve problems (using base research)

Question 21

psychiatrists

Answer 21

medical school (MD). use medicine + medical approaches to treat psychological disorders

Question 22

clinical and counseling psychologists

Answer 22

graduate school (Ph.D.), use psychotherapy to treat psychological disorders.