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block 4 > Systemic infections 1 > Flashcards

Systemic infections 1 Flashcards

1
Q

systemic infection variation Ehrlichia spp. Rickettsia rickettsia, Francisella tularenis, Systemic mycoses

A
  • not rapidly fatal but for some animals enough systems effected that get worse -> euthanasia
  • severity of signs depends on individual animal
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2
Q

Ehrlichia spp. fam

A

family- anaplasmataceae

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3
Q

Ehrlichia spp. general characteristics

A
  • obligate intracell bacteria
  • 2 membranes
  • no cell wall btwn membranes
  • lack lipopolysaccharide
  • obligate aerobe
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4
Q

Ehrlichia species

A
  • Ehrlichia ewingii
  • Ehrlichia chaffeensis
  • Ehrlichia canis
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5
Q

Ehrlichia spp. lifecycle

A
  • obligate pathogeen of abcs found in granulocytes and monocytes
  • if in macrophage enter in special phagosome no phagosome lysosome fusion bc alters phagosome
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6
Q

Ehrlichia transmission

A
  • infected animals = source of bacteria

- transmitted by ticks (3-6hrs for transmission)

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7
Q

Ehrlichia spp. primarily a pathogen of

A

dogs

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8
Q

Ehrlichia ewingii affects who, transmitted by what

A
  • transmitted by lone start tick
  • dogs
  • zoonotic
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9
Q

ehrlichia ewingii causes what

A
  • found in granulocytes, cause canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis
  • mild dx usually som animals no signs of dx
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10
Q

Ehrlichia chaffeensis transmission

A
  • transmitted by lone star tick
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11
Q

ehrlich ewingii vs ehrlich chaffeensis common

A

ewingii more common

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12
Q

Ehrlichia chaffeensis causes what

A
  • mild dx or no dx
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13
Q

Ehrlichia chaffeensis affects who

A
  • dogs, other animals (deer)

- z (from tick not dog)

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14
Q

ehrlichia canis transmitted how

A
  • brown dog tick
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15
Q

ehrlichia canis causes what

A
  • infects monocytes
  • canine monocytes ehrlichiosis
  • causes more severe dx in dogs that other ehrlichia species (but there are serapes animals with no signs)
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16
Q

ehrlichia spp. signs acute

A
  • 2-4 weeks after bite
  • fever, lymphadenopathy, inap, depression (non-specific dx)
  • animals often asymptomatic carriers
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17
Q

ehrlichia spp. signs chronic

A
  • months to years after initial infection
  • fever, inap, weight loss
  • epistaxis
  • meningitis (neuro)
  • glomerulonephritis
  • thrombocytopenia -> bleeding type lesions
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18
Q

ehrlichia spp. chronic signs most common with

A
  • ehrlichia canis

- certain breeds (g shep and huskys)

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19
Q

ehrlichia spp. chronic necropsy

A
  • hemorrhages (petichea and echomosis throughout)
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20
Q

Ehrlichia spp. diagnosis

A
  • pcr

- serology (snap tests)

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21
Q

ehrlichia spp tx

A
  • tetracycline tx

- prevention: prevent tick exposure

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22
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • obligate intracell
  • obligate aerobic
  • coccobacillus
  • zoonotic
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23
Q

rickettsia rickettsii found where

A
  • inside endothelial cells

- mult in endothelia cells, move around on acting filaments, replication can -> damage in endothelium -> leakage

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24
Q

rickettsia rickettsii inhabitant of, transmission, cause dx in

A
  • natural inhabitant of rodents
  • transmitted by tick bites
  • cause dx in dogs (Rocky Mountain spotted fever)
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25
Q

rickettsia rickettsii transmitted by which ticks, takes how long

A
  • dermacentor
  • rhibacephalus
  • 5-20hrs to transmit
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26
Q

rickettsia rickettsii causes what

A
  • Rocky Mountain spotted fever in dogs
  • RARELY also in cats
  • zoonotic
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27
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever signs initial

A
  • HIGH fever = big finding
  • not eating/ v+/d+
  • hemorrhagic mucous membranes
  • tenderness over lns, joints, muscles
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28
Q

rickettsia rickettsii zoonosis details

A

ppl get it from ticks spreading from same rodent source dogs get it from not from dogs

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29
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever signs progressed

A
  • petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhaged develop later on ocular, oral, and genital mucous membranes in dogs
  • neuro signs
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30
Q

rickettsia rickettsii diagnosis

A
  • serological tests
  • pcr
  • VERY hard to culture
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31
Q

rickettsia rickettsii tx/ prevention

A
  • tx: tetracycline, fluoroquinolones

- prevent tick exposure

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32
Q

francisella tularensis general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • bacillus
  • aerobic
  • Z
  • R
  • POTENTIAL BIOTERRORISM
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33
Q

Francisella tularensis important type

A

Francisella tularensis spp. tularensis (type a strain) = most virulent= predominates in us

34
Q

Francisella tularensis natural inhabitant of

A

rabbits and hares

- some develop dx most = asymptomatic carriers

35
Q

francisella tularensis multiply where

A
  • inside amoeba

- inside animal mult inside macrophages

36
Q

francisella tularensis transmission

A
  • arthropods (ticks and flies)
  • ingestion
  • direct contact
37
Q

francisella tularensis causes what in who

A
  • causes tularemia
  • not that common in animals often asypt or mild signs
  • cats most commonly
  • rarely sheep and dogs
  • z
38
Q

francisella tularensis in cats presentation

A
  • fever
  • regional lymphadenopathy
  • can involve spleen and liver in more severe case
39
Q

francisella tularensis dogs

A

usually show nothing or v mild signs

40
Q

francisella tularensis sheep

A

seen in sheep heavily infected with ticks

41
Q

francisella tularensis zoonosis

A
  • Z
  • R
  • POTENTIAL BIOTERRORISM
  • v severe in ppl
  • found throughout country
42
Q

francisella tularensis diagnois

A
  • serology
  • ln aspriate/ tissue smamples
  • grow on bld agar w and w/o cysteine
  • look at spleen and liver at necropsy
43
Q

systemic mycoses organisms of intrest

A
  • blastomyces dermatitidis
  • histoplasmosis capsulatum
  • coccidiodes immitis/ posadasii
44
Q

systemic mycoses general

A
  • dimorphic mold in enivonrment w/ diff enivonrmntal preferences
  • obligate aerobes
45
Q

systemic mycoses natural inhabitant of

A

soil

46
Q

systemic mycoses transmission

A
  • primarily inhalation

- rarely through wounds

47
Q

systemic mycoses contagious

A

not really contagious if mult animals in same area have this then exposed to same source bc in body go from mold then go to yeast form which doesn’t really spread easily

48
Q

systemic mycoses general signs

A
  • long-term
  • nonspecific signs
  • v hard to differentiate which fungi causing it and some signs can look like bacteria as well, key is geographic location and no response to antibacterials
49
Q

blastomyces dermatitis id

A
  • yeast with broad based buds in parasitic form
50
Q

blastomyces dermatitis vs cryptococcus

A

blastomyces broad based buds cryptococcus narrow based buds

51
Q

geographic distribution blastomyces dermatitis

A
  • primarily eastern part of country; endemic where we are but not common here
  • like enivomrnet w/ soils w/ high organic content, acids, ph, abundant moisture
  • dogs digging near water tend to be prone to this
52
Q

blastomyces dermatitidis signs

A
  • anorexia, weight loss
  • dyspnea
  • ocular dx -> retinal detachment (*more common w/ this one than other two)
  • lameness
  • skin lesions in dogs
53
Q

blastomyces dermatitis affects who

A
  • mostly dogs

- rarely dx in cats

54
Q

diagnosis blastomyces dermatitidis

A
  • broad based yeasts in lesions, tissue specimines
  • sabouraud dextrose agar room temp
  • bld agar 37 degrees
  • use both types agars diff temps to demonstrate dimorphism
55
Q

blastomyces dermatitidis tx

A
  • itraconazole
  • amphotericin B
  • tx for 3-6 months
56
Q

histoplasma capsulatum general characterisitcs

A
  • yeast in parasitic form
  • facultative intracell pathogen of phagocytic cells (macrophages)
  • do not have capsule just thick cell wall that resembles one
57
Q

histoplasmosis capsulatum found where

A
  • Mississippi and Ohio water shed

- bird or bat guano

58
Q

histoplasmosis capsulatum affects who

A
  • dogs

- cats

59
Q

histoplasmosis capsulatum signs

A

dogs- lethargy/ anorexia/ weight loss/ d+/ dehydration/ anemia/ enlarge lymphoiid organs
cats- depression/ weight loss/ fever/ DYSPNEA/ TACHYPNEA/ enlarged lymphoid organs

generally wide range of non specific signs for both

60
Q

histoplasmosis capsulatum signs diff

A
  • dogs more d+ with histoplasmosis capsulatum than other systemic mycoses but not significant enough finding to r/o other two
61
Q

cats vs dogs presentation histoplasmosis capsulatum

A

cats > resp signs bc inhale into lungs

62
Q

histoplasmosis capsulatum diagnosis

A
  • aspirates contain yeast cells inside phagocytic cells (free yeast only in phagocytic cells not in tissue)
  • grow on sabouraud dextrose agar at room temp and blood agar at 37 C to demonstrate dimorphism
63
Q

histoplasmosis capsulatum tx

A
  • azaleas or azaleas plus amphotericin b

- antifungas long term, 4-6 months

64
Q

coccidioides immitis/ posadasii general characteristics

A
  • spherules in parasitic form, filled with endospores

- looks like coccidia which = why have this name

65
Q

coccidioides immitis/ posadasii location

A
  • not found in this part of country
66
Q

coccidiodes immitis/ posadasii enivonrment

A
  • molds in environment
  • fungi breaking up into individual cells
  • parasitic forms in spirals filled w/ endospores
67
Q

coccidiodes immitis/ posadasii transmission

A

Envionrment -> inhaltion -> lung -> enlarge into sphirules -> internal divisions in sphirules -> mature into individual celsl called endospores and sphereule wall breaks and within animal endospores repeate the cycle

68
Q

coccidioides immitis/ posadasii location

A
  • in western us and some areas in Mexico
  • live in lower senoran life zone (hot arid environment w/ rare freezes w/ occasional rains, tends to be dry enivonrment prefers alkaline soil
69
Q

coccidiodes immitis/ posadasii affects who

A

dogs, cats horses

* if dog hasn’t been in south west doesn’t have this*

70
Q

coccidiodes immitis/ posadasii signs dog

A
  • fever, anorexia, weakness, weight loss, lameness, dpression
71
Q

coccidiodes immitis/ posadasii signs horses

A
  • weight loss, cough, muscle pain, superficial abcesses
72
Q

coccidiodes immitis/ posadasii signs cats

A
  • skin lesions, fever, inappetence, weight loss (skin lesions most common sign in cats)
73
Q

coccidiodes immitis/ posadasii diagnosis

A
  • spherules can be seen in tissue specimines

- grown on sabouraud dextrose agar at room temp

74
Q

coccidiodes immitis/ posadasii spherules

A

can be infectious to ppl = Vally fever in ppl

75
Q

coccidiodes immitis/ posadasii tx

A
  • fluconazole, ketaconazole, or itraconazole
76
Q

Ehrlichia spp. spread by what

A

ticks

77
Q

blastomyces dermatitis what sign most common

A

ocular w/ dogs but can’t r/o the other two off of this

78
Q

which systemic dxs from this section cause bleeding

A
  • Ehrlichia canis

- Rickettsia rickettsii

79
Q

systemic pathogens that -> general signs

A
  • Ehrlichia spp.
  • Rickettsia rickettsii
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Blastomyces dermatidis
  • histoplasmosis capsulatum
  • coccidiodes spp.
80
Q

why geography to tell systemic pathogens with general signs apart

A

live in diff places bc

  • vectors only in certain places
  • prefer certain environments (fungi)

block 4 (23 decks)

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