Poxviruses Flashcards
poxvirus what type
ds DNA
pox virus structure
- log ds dna
- surrounded by core membrane and 2 lateral bodies (lateral bodies include viral enzymes dna dep rna pol, dna dep dna pol = allow cytoplasmic replication)
- 1 or 2 enveloped lipid membranes
- oval, brick shaped, or phlemorphic
poxvirus host range
- vertebrate and invertebrate animals
- v species specific, some = zoonotic
poxvirus replication important features
- pox viruses replicate in cytoplasm only dna viruses that do this
- pox viruses have 2 diff infectious virulent forms that can be released form infectious cell depending on cell lysis or budding
pox virus infection routes
- through skin by mechanical means (wound contamination, biting insects)
- via resp tract
- via oral route
pox virus infection types
acute infection (no latent, persistent, or chronic infections)
typical routes of infection of poxviruses
- local (skin entry -> skin lesions )
- systemic( resp entry or oral entry) (often fatal)
pox virus genome
- large genome
- variety of immune evasion strategies
- very old
uses for poxvirus genome
- can use as vectors for gene therapy or recombinant vaccines
small pox current status
eradicated but concern for bioterrorism
why could small pox get erradicated
- no reservoir other than man
- vv (variola virus aka causative agent) -> only acute infections no carrier state
- world health organization made coordinated vac program, vac was v affordable bc no patient
- easy surveillance bc dx -> specific rash localization vs chicken pox
poxvirus subfamily differences
- chordopoxivrinae (infects vertebrates)
- entomopoxvrinae (infects invertebrates)
poxviruses we are concerned with
- fowlpox
- myxoma virus
- cow pox (Z)
- ectoromelia
- orf virus (Z)
- pseudo cowpox (Z)
- swine pox virus
(Z) = zoontoic
cow pox effects who
- cows (rarely)
- cats (primarily)
- humans
cowpox genus
orthopoxvirus
orthopoxvirus genus includes
- cowpox
- vaccinia virus
- variola virus (small pox)
cowpox cows
- used to be common rare now
- -> mild lesions on udder and teats dairy cows
cowpox cats get where from who
- common in Eurasia
- get from rodents (virus reserviors)
cowpox cats see what
- single lesion progresses to general skin rash
- crusty lesions
- recover 6-8 weeks unless concurrent infection and or immunosuppression -> dying via pneumonia
- cheetahs usually die of pneumonia
cowpox in ppl where, from who, see what
- usually eurasia
- usually from cats
- localized skin lesions
- lymphadenopathy
- most severe in children -> hospitalization
swinepox genus
suispoxvirus
swinepox transmission
- direct contact
- pig louse
swinepox found where
world wide but low incidence
swinepox effects who
- usually young piglets
swinepox see what
- papules and pustules face, ears, inside legs and abdomen these dry out -> dark scabs giving spotted appearance
fowlpox dx of who
- poultry
- common in backyard chickens
fowlpox caused by what
- variety poxviruses
- all angitenically similar but distinct species
- genus = avipox
dx forms of fowlpox
- cutaneous form
- diphtheric form