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Resp pathology small and large animals Flashcards

1
Q

rhinitis and sinusitis acute stereotypical response

A 
mild injury/ early response
- serous discharge (translucent)
- hyperemia
persistent injury/ late response 
- mucosal damage (erosion/ ulcer), hemorrhage and fibrin, exudate, fibrinonecrotic membrane
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2
Q

acute time frame

A

12-48 hrs

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3
Q

rhinitis and sinusitis sterotypical response subacute to chronic

A

low grade injury
- goblet cell hyperplasia - mucoid exudate
persistent injury
- mucopurulent to purulent discharge
- squamous metaplasia -> loss mucocillary clearance
- glandular atrophy
- fibrosis
- osteoclastic activity -> turbinate bone resorption

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4
Q

subacute time frame

A

3-7 days

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5
Q

chronic time frame

A

weeks

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6
Q

feline viral rhinitis differentials

A
  • feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1)

- feline calcivirus (FCV)

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7
Q

feline herpes virus-1 signs

A

rhinitis/ conjunctivitis
- oculonasal discharge

  • impairment of defense mechanisms -> predisposition to secondary bacterial rhino sinusitis and pneumonia
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8
Q

feline herpes virus 1

A
  • virus replicates in mucosal surface -> erosion
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9
Q

feline herpes virus 1 diagnosis conformation

A

immunohistochem

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10
Q

feline calcivirus signs

A
  • depends on strain variation’s virulence
  • mild to severe conjunctivitis/ rhinitis
  • ulcerative gingivitis / stomatitis
  • necrotizing bronchitis/ bronchiolitis, interstitial pneumonia
  • arthritis
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11
Q

calcivirus most common where

A

multicast environments

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12
Q

canine influenza a viruses

A

h3n8 most common

h3n2

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13
Q

canine influenza a ->

A 
upper respiratory tract infection
- clear nasal discharge
- fever
- lethargy
- loss appetite
- V+/D+
- may have no clinical signs 
secondary bacterial pneumonia
- strep. equi spp zooepidemicus
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14
Q

h3n2 vs h3n8

A

h3n2 infection = more severe

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15
Q

bacterial rhinitis / sinusitis dogs and cats

A

most often secondary to viral, traumatic, inflammation, or neoplastic processes

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16
Q

bacterial rhinitis/ sinusitis causes dogs

A
  • bordetella bronchiseptica
  • escherichia coli
  • pasturella multocida
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17
Q

bacterial rhinitis/ sinusitis causes cats

A
  • bordetella bronchiceptica
  • escerichia coli
  • pasturella multocida
  • chlamydophillia felis
  • mycoplasma felis
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18
Q

fungal (mycotic) rhinitis/ sinusitis most common cause dogs

A

aspergillus fumigatus

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19
Q

fungal (mycotic) rhinitis/ sinusitis most common cause cat

A
  • cryptococcus neoformans
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20
Q

aspergillus rhinitis/ sinusitis dogs and cats common and uncommon

A
  • common doliocephalic dogs

- uncommon mess and brachyocephali dogs and cats

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21
Q

chronic rhinitis cats cause

A

cryptococcus neoformans

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22
Q

chronic rhinitis pathogenesis cats

A
  • inhale fungal spres -. spread to cns, lungs, eyes, ln, systemic
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23
Q

cryptococcus neoformans histo cat

A
  • almost no effect of this growing into tissue histologically
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24
Q

pastasitic rhinitis- sinusitis causes cats and dogs

A
  • cuterebra sp. larvae

- pneumonyssus caninum (nasal mite)

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25
Q

parasitic rhinitis- sinusitis cause sheep

A
  • oestrus ovis larva
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26
Q

cuterebra sp. larva cats

A
  • causes parasitic rhinitis- sinusits

- can spread into nervous system

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27
Q

parasitic tracheitis dog causes

A
  • oilers osleri
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28
Q

parasitic tracheitis dog signs

A
  • thin walled nodules at tracheal bifurcation
  • resp signs
  • cyanosis
  • parasitize airways and -> bubbles in mucosa
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29
Q

canine infectious tracheobronchitis see what

A
  • acute onset of coughing exacerbated by exercise and persistent harsh cough
  • generally recover spontaneously
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30
Q

canine infectious tracheobronchitis causes

A
  • bordetella bronchiceptica
  • canine adenovirus-1,2
  • canine parainfluenza virus-2
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31
Q

bordetella bronchiceptica general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • coccobacillus
  • opportunistic pathogen
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32
Q

brodetella bronchiceptica virulence factors

A
  • attach to ciliated epithelium

- toxins

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33
Q

canine and feline bacterial bronchopneumonia causes

A
  • bordetella bronchiceptica
  • streptococcus canis
  • streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus
  • mycoplasma cynos (dog only)
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34
Q

canine and feline bacterial bronchopneumonia histo finding

A

fibrinosuppurative pneumonia (hemorrhagic) w/ hemothorax

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35
Q

canine interstitial pneumonia causes dogs

A
  • canine distemper virus
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36
Q

canine distemper virus ->

A
  • systemic infection: resp, gi, cns

- canine interstitial pneumonia

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37
Q

canine distemper virus histology gross

A

diffuse, rubbery

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38
Q

canine distemper virus histology

A
  • bronchointerstital pneumonia
  • intracytoplasmic eosiniophilic viral incusions
  • airways contain syncytial cells
  • airways contain inflammation cells
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39
Q

equine viral rhinitis/ sinisitus/ pneumonia causes

A
  • equine influenza virus

- equine viral rhinopneumonitis

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40
Q

equine influenza virus type

A
  • orpthomyxovirus
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41
Q

equine influenza virus ->

A
  • uri - rhinitis

- rare secondary lower resp tract bacterial infection -> broncho-interstitial pneumonia

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42
Q

equine viral rhinopneumonitis causes

A
  • equid alphaherpes virus 1 (ehv1) and ehv4
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43
Q

equine viral rhinopneumonitis ehv1 and ehv4 clincial signs

A
  • uri w/ biphasic fever
44
Q

equine viral rhinopnuemonitis ehv1 only clinical signs

A
  • urt
  • abortion
  • neonatal mortality
  • myeloencephalopathy
45
Q

equine multi nodular pulmonary fibrosis causes

A
  • equine gammaherpesvirus-5

progressive nodular fibrotic lung dx

46
Q

progressive nodular fibrotic lung dx affects who/ see what

A
  • older horeses

- dec exercise tolerance

47
Q

equine gammaherpesvirus 5 histo/ gross

A
  • slow progressing fibrotic dx of lung

- nodules throughout lung

48
Q

equine rhinitis- sinusitis bacterial causes

A
  • streptococcus equi spp zooepidemicus

- streptococcus equi spp. equi

49
Q

equine rhinitis strep. equi sp zooepidicmicus signs

A
  • mucopurulent nasal discharge

- parhygngitis

50
Q

guttural pouch empyema potentia cause

A

can be a secondary lesion to streptococcus equi spp. equi

51
Q

alpaca fever cause and effects who

A
  • cause = strep equi spp. zooepidemicus

- affects new world camelids < 3yrs old -> 100% case fatality

52
Q

equine sinus lesions

A
  • sinusitis

- space occupying masses

53
Q

sinusitis causes equine (broadly not specific pathogens)

A
  • primary viral/ bacterial/ mycotic infetion

- extension from tooth root infection

54
Q

space occupying masses causes equine (broadly not specific)

A
  • sinus cysts (maxillary)

- neoplasm

55
Q

guttural pouch mycosis causes

A
  • aspergillus spp.
  • guttural pouch empyema
  • guttural pouch tympany
56
Q

aspergillosis spp. can -> in horses

A
  • guttural pouch mycosis ->
  • thrombosis of int carotid artery
  • osteitis of hyoid bone
57
Q

viral rhinitis- laryngitis- tracheitis cattle causes

A
  • bovine herpesvirus 1
  • bovine parainfluenza virus-3
  • impaired innate defenses
58
Q

bovine herpes virus 1 ->?

A

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)

59
Q

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis ->?

A
  • erosion of mucosal surface of upper airways
60
Q

suppurative tracheitis

A
  • secondary to bhv-1 bc take advantage and complicate tracheitis
61
Q

bovine necrotizing laryngitis causes

A
  • histophilus somni

- fusobacterium necrophorum

62
Q

larynegal ulcers in feedlot cattle w/ bronchopneumonia and dyspnea -> ?

A

acute bovine viral d+ virus

63
Q

bronchopneumonia spread how

A

aerogenous, bacterial pathogen or naso-pharyngeal commensal

64
Q

bronchopneumonia distribution

A

cranial ventral

65
Q

bronchopneumonia much-ciliary clearcne

A
  • underlying impaired much-ciliary clearance innate defense mechanism bc viral agent or physical injury
66
Q

pasturealla multocida -> what in who

A
  • bronchopneumonia w/ cr-v consoludation and v little pleuritis in
  • cattle
  • sheep
  • goat
  • pig
  • dog
  • cat
67
Q

causes bacterial bronchopneumonia bovine

A
  • mannheimia haemolytica
  • biberstenia trehalosi
  • histophilus somni
  • pasturella multocida
  • mycoplasma species
  • trueperella pyogenes
68
Q

what causes of bacteria bronchopneumonia w/ fibrinopleuritis and sequestrum cattle

A
  • mannheimia haemolytica
  • biberstenia trehalosi
  • histophilus somni

** makes these 3 hard to tell appart**

69
Q

bacterial bronchopneumonia with minimal pleuritis cow

A

pasturella mutlocida

70
Q

causes bacterial bronchopneumonia ovine

A
  • mannheimia haemolytica
  • biberstenia trehalosi
  • histophilus somni
  • pasturella multocida
  • mycoplasma species
  • trueperella pyogenes
71
Q

causes bacterial bronchopneumonia caprine

A
  • mannheimia haemolytica
  • biberstenia trehalosi
  • histophilus somni
  • pasturella multocida
  • mycoplasma species
  • trueperella pyogenes
72
Q

mannheimia haemolytica histo

A
  • large areas of necrosis where leukocytes = recruited; this pathogen produces leukotoxin which kills neutrophils
  • oat cells mixed with fibrin edema and hemmorhage
73
Q

endotoxemia induced by mannheimia haemolytica signs

A
  • fever
  • off feed
  • dpression
  • coughing
  • pneumonia
74
Q

biberstenia trehalosi lambs

A
  • sepsis > pneumonia
  • sudden death
  • GIT ulcerations
  • hepatic necrosis/ inflam
75
Q

biberstenia trehalosis pneumonia

A
  • cattle

- bighorn sheep

76
Q

equine pleuropneumonia complex shipping fever hx

A
  • hx long distance transport 7-10 days prior

- unresponsive to tx

77
Q

equine pleuropneumonia complex shipping fever gross finidngs

A
  • unilaterally > bilat
  • fibrinous necrotizing pleuropneumonia
  • aspiration of pharyngeal secretions/ mixed bacteria
78
Q

equine pleuropneumonia complex shipping fever pathogens

A
  • mixed bag of organisms
79
Q

viral agents that -> bacterial bronchopneumonia (broncho-interstitial pneumonia)

A
  • bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1)
  • bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3)
  • bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)
80
Q

how do viral agents -> bacterial bronchopneumoia

A
  • impaire innate defenses:

- loss ciliated airway epithelium -> loss mucocillary clearance -> secondary bacterial infection

81
Q

bovine herpes virus 1 latent where

A

sensory ganglia

82
Q

bovine herpes virus 1 -> what syndromes

A
  • resp dx
  • neonatal calf get ulcerative rumenitis, enteritis, hepatitis
  • cns
  • repro dx
83
Q

respiratory dxs bovine herpes virus 1

A
  • rhinitis/ tracheitis
  • conjunctivitis
  • bronchointerstitial neuonia
84
Q

repro dxs bovine herpes viurus 1

A
  • infectious pustular vulvovaginitis/ balanoposthiitis

- aborition

85
Q

bovine respiratory syncital virus what virus type/ affects who

A

pneumovirus; cattle and sheep; 1-3 month old calves

86
Q

bovine respiratory syncytial virus gross

A
  • cr-v atelectasis

- cd-d emphysema

87
Q

bovine respiratory syncytial virus histo

A

broncho-insterstiatla pneumonia

88
Q

bovine parainfluenza virus-3 virus type, affects who

A

respirovirus (paramyxoviridae) affects 2-8 month old calves, rarely clinically significant unless secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia

89
Q

porcine rhinitis causes

A
  • inclusion body rhinitis

0 atomic rhinitis

90
Q

inclusion body rhinitis pig causes

A
  • porcine cytomegalovirus
  • betaherpesvirus
  • ubiquitous infection 3-5 weeks
  • uncommon dx
91
Q

non- progressive atrophic rhinitis pig causes

A
  • bordetella bronchiceptica
  • adherance
  • loss of cilia and bone resorption
92
Q

progressive atomic rhinitis pig causes

A
  • pasturella multocida (D); toxigenic strains -> produce cytosine
  • colonization requires b. bronchiceptica
93
Q

progressive tropic rhinitis clinical signs

A
  • 6-12 week old weaned pigs
  • resp
  • +/- unilateralism epistaxis
  • nasal deformity
94
Q

porcine bacterial bronchopneumonia causes

A
  • mycoplasma hypopneumoniae
  • pasturella multocida
  • bordetella bronchiceptica
  • streptococcus suis
  • actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
  • haemophilus parasuis
  • actinobacillus suis
95
Q

actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae -> what

A
  • fibrinosuppurative pleuropneumonia in pig
96
Q

haemophilus parasuis ->? in who

A 
- glacier's dx/ polyserositis in pigs
see:
- pleuritis
- pericarditis
- peritonitis
- polyarthritis 
- meningitis
97
Q

mycoplasma hosts

A
  • pig
  • cow
  • sheep/ goat
98
Q

mycoplasma pig name

A
  • mycoplasma hypopneumoniae
99
Q

mycoplasma hypopneumoniae ->?

A

enzootic pneumonia of pigs

  • high morbidity/ low mortality
  • slow spreading non productive cough
  • depression of growth rate
100
Q

mycpolasma cattle name

A
  • mycoplasma bovis
101
Q

mycoplasma bovis lesions?

A
  • cr-v bronchopneumonia
  • multifocal to coalescing caseous necrosis (necrosuppurative inflam) HIGHLY INDICATIVE OF MYCOPLAMA BOVIS
  • systemic infection
102
Q

goats mycoplasma

A
  • mycoplasma mycoides spp. mycoides large colony type
103
Q

mycoplasma sheep

A
  • mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (common)
104
Q

mycoplasma ovipneumoniae -> ?

A
  • affects lambs and kids
  • septicemia
  • chronic bronchopneumonia often subclinical
  • mult other agents including mannheimai haemolytical PI3, RSV
105
Q

mycoplasma hypopneumoniae enzootic pneumonia of pigs lesions

A

-cr-v bronchopneumonia
- atelectasis
colonizes cilia of resp epithelium

106
Q

mycoplasma bovis -> ?

A
  • enzootic pneumonia of calves
  • 50% also have lameness
  • otitis media (head tilt)
  • mastitis/ repro dx
107
Q

Ttrueperella progenies -> what found in who

A
  • cattle, sheep, goat, pig

- secondary bacterial infection -> access

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