Resp pathology small and large animals Flashcards
rhinitis and sinusitis acute stereotypical response
mild injury/ early response - serous discharge (translucent) - hyperemia persistent injury/ late response - mucosal damage (erosion/ ulcer), hemorrhage and fibrin, exudate, fibrinonecrotic membrane
acute time frame
12-48 hrs
rhinitis and sinusitis sterotypical response subacute to chronic
low grade injury
- goblet cell hyperplasia - mucoid exudate
persistent injury
- mucopurulent to purulent discharge
- squamous metaplasia -> loss mucocillary clearance
- glandular atrophy
- fibrosis
- osteoclastic activity -> turbinate bone resorption
subacute time frame
3-7 days
chronic time frame
weeks
feline viral rhinitis differentials
- feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1)
- feline calcivirus (FCV)
feline herpes virus-1 signs
rhinitis/ conjunctivitis
- oculonasal discharge
- impairment of defense mechanisms -> predisposition to secondary bacterial rhino sinusitis and pneumonia
feline herpes virus 1
- virus replicates in mucosal surface -> erosion
feline herpes virus 1 diagnosis conformation
immunohistochem
feline calcivirus signs
- depends on strain variation’s virulence
- mild to severe conjunctivitis/ rhinitis
- ulcerative gingivitis / stomatitis
- necrotizing bronchitis/ bronchiolitis, interstitial pneumonia
- arthritis
calcivirus most common where
multicast environments
canine influenza a viruses
h3n8 most common
h3n2
canine influenza a ->
upper respiratory tract infection - clear nasal discharge - fever - lethargy - loss appetite - V+/D+ - may have no clinical signs secondary bacterial pneumonia - strep. equi spp zooepidemicus
h3n2 vs h3n8
h3n2 infection = more severe
bacterial rhinitis / sinusitis dogs and cats
most often secondary to viral, traumatic, inflammation, or neoplastic processes
bacterial rhinitis/ sinusitis causes dogs
- bordetella bronchiseptica
- escherichia coli
- pasturella multocida
bacterial rhinitis/ sinusitis causes cats
- bordetella bronchiceptica
- escerichia coli
- pasturella multocida
- chlamydophillia felis
- mycoplasma felis
fungal (mycotic) rhinitis/ sinusitis most common cause dogs
aspergillus fumigatus
fungal (mycotic) rhinitis/ sinusitis most common cause cat
- cryptococcus neoformans
aspergillus rhinitis/ sinusitis dogs and cats common and uncommon
- common doliocephalic dogs
- uncommon mess and brachyocephali dogs and cats
chronic rhinitis cats cause
cryptococcus neoformans
chronic rhinitis pathogenesis cats
- inhale fungal spres -. spread to cns, lungs, eyes, ln, systemic
cryptococcus neoformans histo cat
- almost no effect of this growing into tissue histologically
pastasitic rhinitis- sinusitis causes cats and dogs
- cuterebra sp. larvae
- pneumonyssus caninum (nasal mite)
parasitic rhinitis- sinusitis cause sheep
- oestrus ovis larva
cuterebra sp. larva cats
- causes parasitic rhinitis- sinusits
- can spread into nervous system
parasitic tracheitis dog causes
- oilers osleri
parasitic tracheitis dog signs
- thin walled nodules at tracheal bifurcation
- resp signs
- cyanosis
- parasitize airways and -> bubbles in mucosa
canine infectious tracheobronchitis see what
- acute onset of coughing exacerbated by exercise and persistent harsh cough
- generally recover spontaneously
canine infectious tracheobronchitis causes
- bordetella bronchiceptica
- canine adenovirus-1,2
- canine parainfluenza virus-2
bordetella bronchiceptica general characteristics
- gram neg
- coccobacillus
- opportunistic pathogen
brodetella bronchiceptica virulence factors
- attach to ciliated epithelium
- toxins
canine and feline bacterial bronchopneumonia causes
- bordetella bronchiceptica
- streptococcus canis
- streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus
- mycoplasma cynos (dog only)
canine and feline bacterial bronchopneumonia histo finding
fibrinosuppurative pneumonia (hemorrhagic) w/ hemothorax
canine interstitial pneumonia causes dogs
- canine distemper virus
canine distemper virus ->
- systemic infection: resp, gi, cns
- canine interstitial pneumonia
canine distemper virus histology gross
diffuse, rubbery
canine distemper virus histology
- bronchointerstital pneumonia
- intracytoplasmic eosiniophilic viral incusions
- airways contain syncytial cells
- airways contain inflammation cells
equine viral rhinitis/ sinisitus/ pneumonia causes
- equine influenza virus
- equine viral rhinopneumonitis
equine influenza virus type
- orpthomyxovirus
equine influenza virus ->
- uri - rhinitis
- rare secondary lower resp tract bacterial infection -> broncho-interstitial pneumonia
equine viral rhinopneumonitis causes
- equid alphaherpes virus 1 (ehv1) and ehv4
equine viral rhinopneumonitis ehv1 and ehv4 clincial signs
- uri w/ biphasic fever
equine viral rhinopnuemonitis ehv1 only clinical signs
- urt
- abortion
- neonatal mortality
- myeloencephalopathy
equine multi nodular pulmonary fibrosis causes
- equine gammaherpesvirus-5
progressive nodular fibrotic lung dx
progressive nodular fibrotic lung dx affects who/ see what
- older horeses
- dec exercise tolerance
equine gammaherpesvirus 5 histo/ gross
- slow progressing fibrotic dx of lung
- nodules throughout lung
equine rhinitis- sinusitis bacterial causes
- streptococcus equi spp zooepidemicus
- streptococcus equi spp. equi
equine rhinitis strep. equi sp zooepidicmicus signs
- mucopurulent nasal discharge
- parhygngitis
guttural pouch empyema potentia cause
can be a secondary lesion to streptococcus equi spp. equi
alpaca fever cause and effects who
- cause = strep equi spp. zooepidemicus
- affects new world camelids < 3yrs old -> 100% case fatality
equine sinus lesions
- sinusitis
- space occupying masses
sinusitis causes equine (broadly not specific pathogens)
- primary viral/ bacterial/ mycotic infetion
- extension from tooth root infection
space occupying masses causes equine (broadly not specific)
- sinus cysts (maxillary)
- neoplasm
guttural pouch mycosis causes
- aspergillus spp.
- guttural pouch empyema
- guttural pouch tympany
aspergillosis spp. can -> in horses
- guttural pouch mycosis ->
- thrombosis of int carotid artery
- osteitis of hyoid bone
viral rhinitis- laryngitis- tracheitis cattle causes
- bovine herpesvirus 1
- bovine parainfluenza virus-3
- impaired innate defenses
bovine herpes virus 1 ->?
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis ->?
- erosion of mucosal surface of upper airways
suppurative tracheitis
- secondary to bhv-1 bc take advantage and complicate tracheitis
bovine necrotizing laryngitis causes
- histophilus somni
- fusobacterium necrophorum
larynegal ulcers in feedlot cattle w/ bronchopneumonia and dyspnea -> ?
acute bovine viral d+ virus
bronchopneumonia spread how
aerogenous, bacterial pathogen or naso-pharyngeal commensal
bronchopneumonia distribution
cranial ventral
bronchopneumonia much-ciliary clearcne
- underlying impaired much-ciliary clearance innate defense mechanism bc viral agent or physical injury
pasturealla multocida -> what in who
- bronchopneumonia w/ cr-v consoludation and v little pleuritis in
- cattle
- sheep
- goat
- pig
- dog
- cat
causes bacterial bronchopneumonia bovine
- mannheimia haemolytica
- biberstenia trehalosi
- histophilus somni
- pasturella multocida
- mycoplasma species
- trueperella pyogenes
what causes of bacteria bronchopneumonia w/ fibrinopleuritis and sequestrum cattle
- mannheimia haemolytica
- biberstenia trehalosi
- histophilus somni
** makes these 3 hard to tell appart**
bacterial bronchopneumonia with minimal pleuritis cow
pasturella mutlocida
causes bacterial bronchopneumonia ovine
- mannheimia haemolytica
- biberstenia trehalosi
- histophilus somni
- pasturella multocida
- mycoplasma species
- trueperella pyogenes
causes bacterial bronchopneumonia caprine
- mannheimia haemolytica
- biberstenia trehalosi
- histophilus somni
- pasturella multocida
- mycoplasma species
- trueperella pyogenes
mannheimia haemolytica histo
- large areas of necrosis where leukocytes = recruited; this pathogen produces leukotoxin which kills neutrophils
- oat cells mixed with fibrin edema and hemmorhage
endotoxemia induced by mannheimia haemolytica signs
- fever
- off feed
- dpression
- coughing
- pneumonia
biberstenia trehalosi lambs
- sepsis > pneumonia
- sudden death
- GIT ulcerations
- hepatic necrosis/ inflam
biberstenia trehalosis pneumonia
- cattle
- bighorn sheep
equine pleuropneumonia complex shipping fever hx
- hx long distance transport 7-10 days prior
- unresponsive to tx
equine pleuropneumonia complex shipping fever gross finidngs
- unilaterally > bilat
- fibrinous necrotizing pleuropneumonia
- aspiration of pharyngeal secretions/ mixed bacteria
equine pleuropneumonia complex shipping fever pathogens
- mixed bag of organisms
viral agents that -> bacterial bronchopneumonia (broncho-interstitial pneumonia)
- bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1)
- bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3)
- bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)
how do viral agents -> bacterial bronchopneumoia
- impaire innate defenses:
- loss ciliated airway epithelium -> loss mucocillary clearance -> secondary bacterial infection
bovine herpes virus 1 latent where
sensory ganglia
bovine herpes virus 1 -> what syndromes
- resp dx
- neonatal calf get ulcerative rumenitis, enteritis, hepatitis
- cns
- repro dx
respiratory dxs bovine herpes virus 1
- rhinitis/ tracheitis
- conjunctivitis
- bronchointerstitial neuonia
repro dxs bovine herpes viurus 1
- infectious pustular vulvovaginitis/ balanoposthiitis
- aborition
bovine respiratory syncital virus what virus type/ affects who
pneumovirus; cattle and sheep; 1-3 month old calves
bovine respiratory syncytial virus gross
- cr-v atelectasis
- cd-d emphysema
bovine respiratory syncytial virus histo
broncho-insterstiatla pneumonia
bovine parainfluenza virus-3 virus type, affects who
respirovirus (paramyxoviridae) affects 2-8 month old calves, rarely clinically significant unless secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia
porcine rhinitis causes
- inclusion body rhinitis
0 atomic rhinitis
inclusion body rhinitis pig causes
- porcine cytomegalovirus
- betaherpesvirus
- ubiquitous infection 3-5 weeks
- uncommon dx
non- progressive atrophic rhinitis pig causes
- bordetella bronchiceptica
- adherance
- loss of cilia and bone resorption
progressive atomic rhinitis pig causes
- pasturella multocida (D); toxigenic strains -> produce cytosine
- colonization requires b. bronchiceptica
progressive tropic rhinitis clinical signs
- 6-12 week old weaned pigs
- resp
- +/- unilateralism epistaxis
- nasal deformity
porcine bacterial bronchopneumonia causes
- mycoplasma hypopneumoniae
- pasturella multocida
- bordetella bronchiceptica
- streptococcus suis
- actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
- haemophilus parasuis
- actinobacillus suis
actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae -> what
- fibrinosuppurative pleuropneumonia in pig
haemophilus parasuis ->? in who
- glacier's dx/ polyserositis in pigs see: - pleuritis - pericarditis - peritonitis - polyarthritis - meningitis
mycoplasma hosts
- pig
- cow
- sheep/ goat
mycoplasma pig name
- mycoplasma hypopneumoniae
mycoplasma hypopneumoniae ->?
enzootic pneumonia of pigs
- high morbidity/ low mortality
- slow spreading non productive cough
- depression of growth rate
mycpolasma cattle name
- mycoplasma bovis
mycoplasma bovis lesions?
- cr-v bronchopneumonia
- multifocal to coalescing caseous necrosis (necrosuppurative inflam) HIGHLY INDICATIVE OF MYCOPLAMA BOVIS
- systemic infection
goats mycoplasma
- mycoplasma mycoides spp. mycoides large colony type
mycoplasma sheep
- mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (common)
mycoplasma ovipneumoniae -> ?
- affects lambs and kids
- septicemia
- chronic bronchopneumonia often subclinical
- mult other agents including mannheimai haemolytical PI3, RSV
mycoplasma hypopneumoniae enzootic pneumonia of pigs lesions
-cr-v bronchopneumonia
- atelectasis
colonizes cilia of resp epithelium
mycoplasma bovis -> ?
- enzootic pneumonia of calves
- 50% also have lameness
- otitis media (head tilt)
- mastitis/ repro dx
Ttrueperella progenies -> what found in who
- cattle, sheep, goat, pig
- secondary bacterial infection -> access