Resp pathology small and large animals Flashcards
rhinitis and sinusitis acute stereotypical response
mild injury/ early response - serous discharge (translucent) - hyperemia persistent injury/ late response - mucosal damage (erosion/ ulcer), hemorrhage and fibrin, exudate, fibrinonecrotic membrane
acute time frame
12-48 hrs
rhinitis and sinusitis sterotypical response subacute to chronic
low grade injury
- goblet cell hyperplasia - mucoid exudate
persistent injury
- mucopurulent to purulent discharge
- squamous metaplasia -> loss mucocillary clearance
- glandular atrophy
- fibrosis
- osteoclastic activity -> turbinate bone resorption
subacute time frame
3-7 days
chronic time frame
weeks
feline viral rhinitis differentials
- feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1)
- feline calcivirus (FCV)
feline herpes virus-1 signs
rhinitis/ conjunctivitis
- oculonasal discharge
- impairment of defense mechanisms -> predisposition to secondary bacterial rhino sinusitis and pneumonia
feline herpes virus 1
- virus replicates in mucosal surface -> erosion
feline herpes virus 1 diagnosis conformation
immunohistochem
feline calcivirus signs
- depends on strain variation’s virulence
- mild to severe conjunctivitis/ rhinitis
- ulcerative gingivitis / stomatitis
- necrotizing bronchitis/ bronchiolitis, interstitial pneumonia
- arthritis
calcivirus most common where
multicast environments
canine influenza a viruses
h3n8 most common
h3n2
canine influenza a ->
upper respiratory tract infection - clear nasal discharge - fever - lethargy - loss appetite - V+/D+ - may have no clinical signs secondary bacterial pneumonia - strep. equi spp zooepidemicus
h3n2 vs h3n8
h3n2 infection = more severe
bacterial rhinitis / sinusitis dogs and cats
most often secondary to viral, traumatic, inflammation, or neoplastic processes
bacterial rhinitis/ sinusitis causes dogs
- bordetella bronchiseptica
- escherichia coli
- pasturella multocida
bacterial rhinitis/ sinusitis causes cats
- bordetella bronchiceptica
- escerichia coli
- pasturella multocida
- chlamydophillia felis
- mycoplasma felis
fungal (mycotic) rhinitis/ sinusitis most common cause dogs
aspergillus fumigatus
fungal (mycotic) rhinitis/ sinusitis most common cause cat
- cryptococcus neoformans
aspergillus rhinitis/ sinusitis dogs and cats common and uncommon
- common doliocephalic dogs
- uncommon mess and brachyocephali dogs and cats
chronic rhinitis cats cause
cryptococcus neoformans
chronic rhinitis pathogenesis cats
- inhale fungal spres -. spread to cns, lungs, eyes, ln, systemic
cryptococcus neoformans histo cat
- almost no effect of this growing into tissue histologically
pastasitic rhinitis- sinusitis causes cats and dogs
- cuterebra sp. larvae
- pneumonyssus caninum (nasal mite)
parasitic rhinitis- sinusitis cause sheep
- oestrus ovis larva
cuterebra sp. larva cats
- causes parasitic rhinitis- sinusits
- can spread into nervous system
parasitic tracheitis dog causes
- oilers osleri
parasitic tracheitis dog signs
- thin walled nodules at tracheal bifurcation
- resp signs
- cyanosis
- parasitize airways and -> bubbles in mucosa
canine infectious tracheobronchitis see what
- acute onset of coughing exacerbated by exercise and persistent harsh cough
- generally recover spontaneously
canine infectious tracheobronchitis causes
- bordetella bronchiceptica
- canine adenovirus-1,2
- canine parainfluenza virus-2
bordetella bronchiceptica general characteristics
- gram neg
- coccobacillus
- opportunistic pathogen
brodetella bronchiceptica virulence factors
- attach to ciliated epithelium
- toxins
canine and feline bacterial bronchopneumonia causes
- bordetella bronchiceptica
- streptococcus canis
- streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus
- mycoplasma cynos (dog only)
canine and feline bacterial bronchopneumonia histo finding
fibrinosuppurative pneumonia (hemorrhagic) w/ hemothorax
canine interstitial pneumonia causes dogs
- canine distemper virus
canine distemper virus ->
- systemic infection: resp, gi, cns
- canine interstitial pneumonia
canine distemper virus histology gross
diffuse, rubbery
canine distemper virus histology
- bronchointerstital pneumonia
- intracytoplasmic eosiniophilic viral incusions
- airways contain syncytial cells
- airways contain inflammation cells
equine viral rhinitis/ sinisitus/ pneumonia causes
- equine influenza virus
- equine viral rhinopneumonitis
equine influenza virus type
- orpthomyxovirus
equine influenza virus ->
- uri - rhinitis
- rare secondary lower resp tract bacterial infection -> broncho-interstitial pneumonia
equine viral rhinopneumonitis causes
- equid alphaherpes virus 1 (ehv1) and ehv4