Resp pathology small and large animals Flashcards
1
Q
rhinitis and sinusitis acute stereotypical response
A
mild injury/ early response - serous discharge (translucent) - hyperemia persistent injury/ late response - mucosal damage (erosion/ ulcer), hemorrhage and fibrin, exudate, fibrinonecrotic membrane
2
Q
acute time frame
A
12-48 hrs
3
Q
rhinitis and sinusitis sterotypical response subacute to chronic
A
low grade injury
- goblet cell hyperplasia - mucoid exudate
persistent injury
- mucopurulent to purulent discharge
- squamous metaplasia -> loss mucocillary clearance
- glandular atrophy
- fibrosis
- osteoclastic activity -> turbinate bone resorption
4
Q
subacute time frame
A
3-7 days
5
Q
chronic time frame
A
weeks
6
Q
feline viral rhinitis differentials
A
- feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1)
- feline calcivirus (FCV)
7
Q
feline herpes virus-1 signs
A
rhinitis/ conjunctivitis
- oculonasal discharge
- impairment of defense mechanisms -> predisposition to secondary bacterial rhino sinusitis and pneumonia
8
Q
feline herpes virus 1
A
- virus replicates in mucosal surface -> erosion
9
Q
feline herpes virus 1 diagnosis conformation
A
immunohistochem
10
Q
feline calcivirus signs
A
- depends on strain variation’s virulence
- mild to severe conjunctivitis/ rhinitis
- ulcerative gingivitis / stomatitis
- necrotizing bronchitis/ bronchiolitis, interstitial pneumonia
- arthritis
11
Q
calcivirus most common where
A
multicast environments
12
Q
canine influenza a viruses
A
h3n8 most common
h3n2
13
Q
canine influenza a ->
A
upper respiratory tract infection - clear nasal discharge - fever - lethargy - loss appetite - V+/D+ - may have no clinical signs secondary bacterial pneumonia - strep. equi spp zooepidemicus
14
Q
h3n2 vs h3n8
A
h3n2 infection = more severe
15
Q
bacterial rhinitis / sinusitis dogs and cats
A
most often secondary to viral, traumatic, inflammation, or neoplastic processes
16
Q
bacterial rhinitis/ sinusitis causes dogs
A
- bordetella bronchiseptica
- escherichia coli
- pasturella multocida
17
Q
bacterial rhinitis/ sinusitis causes cats
A
- bordetella bronchiceptica
- escerichia coli
- pasturella multocida
- chlamydophillia felis
- mycoplasma felis
18
Q
fungal (mycotic) rhinitis/ sinusitis most common cause dogs
A
aspergillus fumigatus
19
Q
fungal (mycotic) rhinitis/ sinusitis most common cause cat
A
- cryptococcus neoformans
20
Q
aspergillus rhinitis/ sinusitis dogs and cats common and uncommon
A
- common doliocephalic dogs
- uncommon mess and brachyocephali dogs and cats
21
Q
chronic rhinitis cats cause
A
cryptococcus neoformans
22
Q
chronic rhinitis pathogenesis cats
A
- inhale fungal spres -. spread to cns, lungs, eyes, ln, systemic
23
Q
cryptococcus neoformans histo cat
A
- almost no effect of this growing into tissue histologically
24
Q
pastasitic rhinitis- sinusitis causes cats and dogs
A
- cuterebra sp. larvae
- pneumonyssus caninum (nasal mite)
25
parasitic rhinitis- sinusitis cause sheep
- oestrus ovis larva
26
cuterebra sp. larva cats
- causes parasitic rhinitis- sinusits
| - can spread into nervous system
27
parasitic tracheitis dog causes
- oilers osleri
28
parasitic tracheitis dog signs
- thin walled nodules at tracheal bifurcation
- resp signs
- cyanosis
- parasitize airways and -> bubbles in mucosa
29
canine infectious tracheobronchitis see what
- acute onset of coughing exacerbated by exercise and persistent harsh cough
- generally recover spontaneously
30
canine infectious tracheobronchitis causes
- bordetella bronchiceptica
- canine adenovirus-1,2
- canine parainfluenza virus-2
31
bordetella bronchiceptica general characteristics
- gram neg
- coccobacillus
- opportunistic pathogen
32
brodetella bronchiceptica virulence factors
- attach to ciliated epithelium
| - toxins
33
canine and feline bacterial bronchopneumonia causes
- bordetella bronchiceptica
- streptococcus canis
- streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus
- mycoplasma cynos (dog only)
34
canine and feline bacterial bronchopneumonia histo finding
fibrinosuppurative pneumonia (hemorrhagic) w/ hemothorax
35
canine interstitial pneumonia causes dogs
- canine distemper virus
36
canine distemper virus ->
- systemic infection: resp, gi, cns
| - canine interstitial pneumonia
37
canine distemper virus histology gross
diffuse, rubbery
38
canine distemper virus histology
- bronchointerstital pneumonia
- intracytoplasmic eosiniophilic viral incusions
- airways contain syncytial cells
- airways contain inflammation cells
39
equine viral rhinitis/ sinisitus/ pneumonia causes
- equine influenza virus
| - equine viral rhinopneumonitis
40
equine influenza virus type
- orpthomyxovirus
41
equine influenza virus ->
- uri - rhinitis
| - rare secondary lower resp tract bacterial infection -> broncho-interstitial pneumonia
42
equine viral rhinopneumonitis causes
- equid alphaherpes virus 1 (ehv1) and ehv4
43
equine viral rhinopneumonitis ehv1 and ehv4 clincial signs
- uri w/ biphasic fever
44
equine viral rhinopnuemonitis ehv1 only clinical signs
- urt
- abortion
- neonatal mortality
- myeloencephalopathy
45
equine multi nodular pulmonary fibrosis causes
- equine gammaherpesvirus-5
| progressive nodular fibrotic lung dx
46
progressive nodular fibrotic lung dx affects who/ see what
- older horeses
| - dec exercise tolerance
47
equine gammaherpesvirus 5 histo/ gross
- slow progressing fibrotic dx of lung
| - nodules throughout lung
48
equine rhinitis- sinusitis bacterial causes
- streptococcus equi spp zooepidemicus
| - streptococcus equi spp. equi
49
equine rhinitis strep. equi sp zooepidicmicus signs
- mucopurulent nasal discharge
| - parhygngitis
50
guttural pouch empyema potentia cause
can be a secondary lesion to streptococcus equi spp. equi
51
alpaca fever cause and effects who
- cause = strep equi spp. zooepidemicus
| - affects new world camelids < 3yrs old -> 100% case fatality
52
equine sinus lesions
- sinusitis
| - space occupying masses
53
sinusitis causes equine (broadly not specific pathogens)
- primary viral/ bacterial/ mycotic infetion
| - extension from tooth root infection
54
space occupying masses causes equine (broadly not specific)
- sinus cysts (maxillary)
| - neoplasm
55
guttural pouch mycosis causes
- aspergillus spp.
- guttural pouch empyema
- guttural pouch tympany
56
aspergillosis spp. can -> in horses
- guttural pouch mycosis ->
- thrombosis of int carotid artery
- osteitis of hyoid bone
57
viral rhinitis- laryngitis- tracheitis cattle causes
- bovine herpesvirus 1
- bovine parainfluenza virus-3
- impaired innate defenses
58
bovine herpes virus 1 ->?
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
59
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis ->?
- erosion of mucosal surface of upper airways
60
suppurative tracheitis
- secondary to bhv-1 bc take advantage and complicate tracheitis
61
bovine necrotizing laryngitis causes
- histophilus somni
| - fusobacterium necrophorum
62
larynegal ulcers in feedlot cattle w/ bronchopneumonia and dyspnea -> ?
acute bovine viral d+ virus
63
bronchopneumonia spread how
aerogenous, bacterial pathogen or naso-pharyngeal commensal
64
bronchopneumonia distribution
cranial ventral
65
bronchopneumonia much-ciliary clearcne
- underlying impaired much-ciliary clearance innate defense mechanism bc viral agent or physical injury
66
pasturealla multocida -> what in who
- bronchopneumonia w/ cr-v consoludation and v little pleuritis in
- cattle
- sheep
- goat
- pig
- dog
- cat
67
causes bacterial bronchopneumonia bovine
- mannheimia haemolytica
- biberstenia trehalosi
- histophilus somni
- pasturella multocida
- mycoplasma species
- trueperella pyogenes
68
what causes of bacteria bronchopneumonia w/ fibrinopleuritis and sequestrum cattle
- mannheimia haemolytica
- biberstenia trehalosi
- histophilus somni
** makes these 3 hard to tell appart**
69
bacterial bronchopneumonia with minimal pleuritis cow
pasturella mutlocida
70
causes bacterial bronchopneumonia ovine
- mannheimia haemolytica
- biberstenia trehalosi
- histophilus somni
- pasturella multocida
- mycoplasma species
- trueperella pyogenes
71
causes bacterial bronchopneumonia caprine
- mannheimia haemolytica
- biberstenia trehalosi
- histophilus somni
- pasturella multocida
- mycoplasma species
- trueperella pyogenes
72
mannheimia haemolytica histo
- large areas of necrosis where leukocytes = recruited; this pathogen produces leukotoxin which kills neutrophils
- oat cells mixed with fibrin edema and hemmorhage
73
endotoxemia induced by mannheimia haemolytica signs
- fever
- off feed
- dpression
- coughing
- pneumonia
74
biberstenia trehalosi lambs
- sepsis > pneumonia
- sudden death
- GIT ulcerations
- hepatic necrosis/ inflam
75
biberstenia trehalosis pneumonia
- cattle
| - bighorn sheep
76
equine pleuropneumonia complex shipping fever hx
- hx long distance transport 7-10 days prior
| - unresponsive to tx
77
equine pleuropneumonia complex shipping fever gross finidngs
- unilaterally > bilat
- fibrinous necrotizing pleuropneumonia
- aspiration of pharyngeal secretions/ mixed bacteria
78
equine pleuropneumonia complex shipping fever pathogens
- mixed bag of organisms
79
viral agents that -> bacterial bronchopneumonia (broncho-interstitial pneumonia)
- bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1)
- bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3)
- bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)
80
how do viral agents -> bacterial bronchopneumoia
- impaire innate defenses:
| - loss ciliated airway epithelium -> loss mucocillary clearance -> secondary bacterial infection
81
bovine herpes virus 1 latent where
sensory ganglia
82
bovine herpes virus 1 -> what syndromes
- resp dx
- neonatal calf get ulcerative rumenitis, enteritis, hepatitis
- cns
- repro dx
83
respiratory dxs bovine herpes virus 1
- rhinitis/ tracheitis
- conjunctivitis
- bronchointerstitial neuonia
84
repro dxs bovine herpes viurus 1
- infectious pustular vulvovaginitis/ balanoposthiitis
| - aborition
85
bovine respiratory syncital virus what virus type/ affects who
pneumovirus; cattle and sheep; 1-3 month old calves
86
bovine respiratory syncytial virus gross
- cr-v atelectasis
| - cd-d emphysema
87
bovine respiratory syncytial virus histo
broncho-insterstiatla pneumonia
88
bovine parainfluenza virus-3 virus type, affects who
respirovirus (paramyxoviridae) affects 2-8 month old calves, rarely clinically significant unless secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia
89
porcine rhinitis causes
- inclusion body rhinitis
| 0 atomic rhinitis
90
inclusion body rhinitis pig causes
- porcine cytomegalovirus
- betaherpesvirus
- ubiquitous infection 3-5 weeks
- uncommon dx
91
non- progressive atrophic rhinitis pig causes
- bordetella bronchiceptica
- adherance
- loss of cilia and bone resorption
92
progressive atomic rhinitis pig causes
- pasturella multocida (D); toxigenic strains -> produce cytosine
- colonization requires b. bronchiceptica
93
progressive tropic rhinitis clinical signs
- 6-12 week old weaned pigs
- resp
- +/- unilateralism epistaxis
- nasal deformity
94
porcine bacterial bronchopneumonia causes
- mycoplasma hypopneumoniae
- pasturella multocida
- bordetella bronchiceptica
- streptococcus suis
- actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
- haemophilus parasuis
- actinobacillus suis
95
actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae -> what
- fibrinosuppurative pleuropneumonia in pig
96
haemophilus parasuis ->? in who
```
- glacier's dx/ polyserositis in pigs
see:
- pleuritis
- pericarditis
- peritonitis
- polyarthritis
- meningitis
```
97
mycoplasma hosts
- pig
- cow
- sheep/ goat
98
mycoplasma pig name
- mycoplasma hypopneumoniae
99
mycoplasma hypopneumoniae ->?
enzootic pneumonia of pigs
- high morbidity/ low mortality
- slow spreading non productive cough
- depression of growth rate
100
mycpolasma cattle name
- mycoplasma bovis
101
mycoplasma bovis lesions?
- cr-v bronchopneumonia
- multifocal to coalescing caseous necrosis (necrosuppurative inflam) HIGHLY INDICATIVE OF MYCOPLAMA BOVIS
- systemic infection
102
goats mycoplasma
- mycoplasma mycoides spp. mycoides large colony type
103
mycoplasma sheep
- mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (common)
104
mycoplasma ovipneumoniae -> ?
- affects lambs and kids
- septicemia
- chronic bronchopneumonia often subclinical
- mult other agents including mannheimai haemolytical PI3, RSV
105
mycoplasma hypopneumoniae enzootic pneumonia of pigs lesions
-cr-v bronchopneumonia
- atelectasis
colonizes cilia of resp epithelium
106
mycoplasma bovis -> ?
- enzootic pneumonia of calves
- 50% also have lameness
- otitis media (head tilt)
- mastitis/ repro dx
107
Ttrueperella progenies -> what found in who
- cattle, sheep, goat, pig
| - secondary bacterial infection -> access
