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block 4 > midterm bacterial pathogen basics > Flashcards

midterm bacterial pathogen basics Flashcards

1
Q

main mastitis pathogens

A
  • staphylococcus aureus
  • mycoplasma spp.
  • streptococcus spp.
  • coliforms
  • trueperella pyogenes
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2
Q

staphylococcus aureus general characteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • coccus
  • facultative anaerobe
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3
Q

contagious mastitis pathogens

A
  • staphylococcus aureus(most important cause)
  • mycoplasma spp. (especially M. Bovis)
  • streptococcus agalactiae
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4
Q

gangrenous mastitis pathogens

A
  • staphylococcus aureus
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5
Q

mycoplasma spp. general characteristics

A
  • pleomorphic cells
  • stain gram neg but not really gram neg (mollicute)
  • lack outer membrane and cell wall
  • membrane contains cholesterol
  • will not grow on bld agar must grow on special media
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6
Q

which mycoplasma spp. cause mastitis

A
  • mycoplasma bovis

- others?

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7
Q

streptococcus spp. characteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • facultative anaerobe
  • coccus
  • pairs or chains
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8
Q

streptococcus spp. catalyse test

A

catalayse negative

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9
Q

streptococcus spp. involved in mastitis

A 
contagious:
- streptococcus agalactiae
enveionrmental 
- streptococcus dysgalactiae
- streptococcus uberis (often subclinical)
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10
Q

environmental mastitis pathogens

A
  • streptococcus dysgalactiae
  • streptococcus uberis is (environmental mastitis)
  • coliforms (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter spp.)
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11
Q

causes of coliform mastitis pathogens

A
  • escherichia coli
  • klebsiella spp.
  • enterobacter spp.
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12
Q

Coliform general characterisitcs

A
  • gram neg
  • facultative anaerobe
  • bacillus
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13
Q

Trueparella pyogenes general characteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • bacillus or diptheroid
  • facultative anaerobe
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14
Q

summer mastitis pathogens

A
  • trueparella pyogenes

- streptococcus dysgalactiae

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15
Q

Moraxella spp. of concern

A
  • moraxella bovis

- moraxella ovis

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16
Q

moraxella spp. general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • aerobic
  • coccobacillus
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17
Q

streptococcus spp. of concern respiratory

A
  • Streptococcus equi spp. equi (group c) R
  • streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus (group c) Z
  • streptococcus suis (group d) Z
  • streptococcus canis (group g)
  • streptococcus pneumoniae
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18
Q

streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus effects

A
  • horse
  • dog
  • cat
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19
Q

streptococcus suis effects who

A

pigs

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20
Q

streptococcus canis effects who

A
  • cats

- dogs

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21
Q

streptococcus pneumoniae effects who

A
  • human pathogen
  • non-human primates
  • cats
  • g. pigs
  • pneumonia in other animals
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22
Q

members of pasteurellaceae family

A
  • Avibacterium spp.
  • Haemophilus spp.
  • pasteurella spp.
  • Mannheimia spp.
  • bibersteinia spp.
  • actinobacillus spp.
  • histophilus spp.
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23
Q

Avibacterium spp. general characteristics

A
  • gram negative
  • bacillus
  • facultative anaerobe
  • require NAD and/ or heme
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24
Q

Haemophilus spp.

A
  • gram negative
  • bacillus
  • facultative anaerobe
  • require NAD and/ or heme
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25
Q

Pasteurella multocida general features

A
  • gram neg
  • facultative anaerobe
  • coccobacillus
  • bipolar staining common
  • 5 capsular serotypes
  • z possibilities?
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26
Q

Bordetella species of intrest

A
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica Z

- Bordetella avium Z

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27
Q

bordetella spp. general chracteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • obligate aerobe
  • coccobacillus
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28
Q

Mannheimia haemolytica general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • facultative anaerobe
  • coccobacillus
  • bipolar staining common
  • 12 capsular serotypes
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29
Q

Bibersteinia trehalosi general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • facultative anaerobe
  • coccobacillus
  • bipolar staining common
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30
Q

Actinobacillus spp. general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • coccobacillus
  • fac anaerobe
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31
Q

actinobacillus spp. of interest

A
  • actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
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32
Q

Histophilus somni general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • fac anaerobe
  • bacillus
    • often associated w/ Mannheimia haemolytica*
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33
Q

Rhodococcus equi general characteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • variably acid fast
  • strike aerobe
  • coccus or bacillus
  • Z
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34
Q

mycoplasma spp. resp tract

A 
birds
- mycoplasma gallisepticum R
- mycoplasma melegridis
- mycoplasma iowae
bovine
- mycoplasma bovoculi
- mycoplasma bovis 
- mycoplasma mycoidies spp. mycoides R; USDA SELECT AGENT LIST
Small ruminants
-mycoplasma conjunctivae
goats only
- mycoplasma mycoidies spp. capri
- mycoplasma capricolum spp. capripneumoniae 
sheep
- mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
swine
- mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
feline
- mycoplasma felis
- mycoplasma gateae
rodent
- mycoplasma pulmonis
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35
Q

chlamydia spp. general characteristics

A
  • small
  • round
  • gram neg
  • obligate aerobe
  • obligate intracell pathogens
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36
Q

chlamydia spp of interest

A
  • chlamydia felis
  • chlamydia pecorum
  • chlamydia psittaci R, Z
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37
Q

escherichia coli general features

A
  • gram neg
  • facultative anaerobe
  • bacillus
  • second respiratory invader
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38
Q

klebsiella spp. general features

A
  • gram neg
  • facultative anaerobe
  • bacillus
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39
Q

anaerobes general characteristics

A
  • commensals or oropharynx
  • cause pneumonia, pulmonary abscesses, pleuritis
  • foul smell breath, pleural fluid, nasal discharge
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40
Q

anaerobes examples

A
  • bactericides spp.
  • prevotella spp.
  • fusobacterium spp.
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41
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus general characteristics

A
  • fungi
  • mold
  • septet hyphae
  • repro by formation phialoconidia
  • strict aerobe
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42
Q

aspergillosis fumigatus infections

A
  • keratomycosis horse
  • brooder pneumonia birds
  • nasal aspergillosis dogs
  • guttural pouch mycosis horse
  • pneumonia animals with high level of exposure
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43
Q

nocardia spp. general chracteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • variably acid fast
  • fillamentous bacillus look like fungi but are bacteria
  • obligate aerobe
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44
Q

nocardia spp.

A
  • nocardia asteroides

- nocardia nova

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45
Q

mycobacterium spp. general characteritics

A
  • gram pos
  • acid fast
  • aerobe
  • bacillus
  • frank pathogen (not opportunist)
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46
Q

mycobacterium spp. of intrest

A
  • mycobacterium tuberculosis

- mycobacterium bovis R Z

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47
Q

Cryptococcus spp. general characteristics

A
  • yeast
  • divide by budding
  • strict aerobe
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48
Q

cryptococcus spp of intrest

A
  • cyrptococcus neoformans

- cryptococcus gatti

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49
Q

nervous system pathogens of interest

A
  • streptococcus suis
  • listeria monocytogenes
  • encephalitozoon cuniculi
  • clostridium tetani
  • clostridium botulinum
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50
Q

streptococcus suis general chracteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • facultative anaerobe
  • coccus in chains
  • encapsulated
  • Z
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51
Q

Listeria monocytogenes general chracteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • facultative anaerobe
  • bacillus
  • grow in low temp
  • Z
52
Q

encephalitozoon cuniculi general characteristics

A
  • microsporidia
  • obligate intracellular
  • unicellular
  • derived/ related to fungi
  • Z
53
Q

clostridium spp. general chracteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • spore-forming
  • anaerobe
  • bacillus
54
Q

clostridium spp. of interest neuro

A
  • clostridium tetani
  • clostridium botulinum HEALTH AND HUMAN SELECT AGENTS LIST potential agents biological warfare (toxins and strains that produce botulinum)
55
Q

clostridium tetani spore characteristics

A
  • terminal spores

- tennis racket morphology -> survive well in environment

56
Q

mycobacterium spp of interest digestive tract

A
  • mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis; R; Z?

- mycobacterium avium spp. avium Z

57
Q

escherichia coli species of interest digestive tract

A
  • enterotoxigenic Escherchia coli
  • shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli subsets:
  • STEC shiga-toxin producing E. coli
  • EHEC: enterohemorrhagic E. coli Z
58
Q

fusobacterium necrophorum general characteristics

A
  • gram neg

- obligate anaerobic bacilli or filamentous (not branching fillamentous)

59
Q

brachyspira spp. general characteristic

A
  • gram neg
  • spirochetes
  • motile via periplasmic flagella
  • oxygen tolerant anaerobes
60
Q

brachyspira spp. of interest digestive tract

A
  • brachyspira hyodysenteriae

- brachyspira pilosicoli Z

61
Q

salmonella enterica general features

A
  • gram neg
  • bacillus
  • facultative anaerobe
  • R
  • Z
62
Q

Neorickettsia spp. family and general characteristics

A 
- family = anaplasmataceae
general characteristics
- obligate aerobes
- obligate intracellular bacteria 
- stain gram neg but not really gram neg
- have no cell wall but two membranes w/ cholesterol they get from host
63
Q

neorickettsia spp of interest

A
  • neorickettsia risticii

- neorickettsia helminthoeca

64
Q

campylobacter spp. general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • curved bacillus
  • microaerophilic
  • Z
65
Q

campylobacter spp. of intrest

A
  • campylobacter jejuni Z

- campylobacter coli Z

66
Q

lawsonia intracellularis general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • curved bacillus
  • microaerophilic
  • does not grow on standard bacteriological media
67
Q

Clostridium spp. gi

A
  • clostridium perfringens Z

- clostridium piriform

68
Q

c. difficile

A
  • clostridiodes difficile NOT clostridium anymore but characteristics are same
  • z?
69
Q

Clostridium spp. and clostridiodes difficile general characteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • anaerobic
  • bacilli
  • spore-forming
70
Q

clostridium piliforme general characteristics

A
  • gram variable (gram pos but sometimes appears gram neg staining)
  • obligate intracellular (other clostridium are extracellular)
  • spore forming
  • anaerobic
  • bacillus
71
Q

yersinia spp of interest

A
  • yersinia enterocolitica

- yersinia pseudotuberculosis

72
Q

yersinia general characteristics

A
  • Z
  • rod shapped
  • facultative anaerobe
  • gram neg
  • grow in low temp
73
Q

cattle ocular pathogens bacteria

A
  • mycoplasma bovoculi

- moraxella bovis

74
Q

cattle respiratory pathogens bacteria

A
  • mannheimia haemolytica
  • histophilus somni
  • trueparella pyogenes
  • pasturella multocida
  • mycoplasma bovis
  • mycoplasma mycoidies spp. mycoides
  • mycobacterium bovis
  • salmonella enterica (older calves)
75
Q

horses ocular pathogens bacteria

A
  • streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus

- aspergillus fumigatus

76
Q

horses guttural pouch pathogen bacteria

A
  • Streptococcus equi spp. equi
77
Q

horses pneumonia pathogen bacteria

A
  • rhodococcus equi
  • streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus
  • various obligate anaerobes
  • klebsiella spp.
  • aspergillus spp.
78
Q

swine atrophic rhinitis pathogens bacteria

A
  • pasturella multocida

- bordetella bronciceptica

79
Q

pneumonia pigs pathogens bacteria

A
  • actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
  • mycoplasma hyopnumoniae
  • streptococcus suis (less common than above to for pneumonia)
80
Q

sheep and goat ocular pathogens bacteria

A
  • mycoplasma conjunctivae
  • moraxella ovis
  • chlamydia percorum
81
Q

sheep and goat respiratory pathogens bacteria

A
  • mannhaemia haemolytica

- pasturella multocida

82
Q

sheep respiratory pathogens bacteria

A 
sheep only
- mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
sheep and goat pathogens
- mannhaemia haemolytica
- pasturella multocida
83
Q

goats respiratory pathogens bacteria

A 
goat only 
- mycoplasma mycoides spp. capri
- mycoplasma capricolum spp. capripneumoniae
sheep and goat pathogens
- mannhaemia haemolytica
- pasturella multocida
84
Q

dog occular pathogens bacteria

A
  • asperigillus fumigatus

- bacteria that is part of norma commensal flora or in enviroment

85
Q

dog nasal aspergillosis pathogens bacteria

A
  • aspergillus gumigatus
86
Q

dog respiratory kennel cough pathogens bacteria

A
  • bordetella bronchiceptica

- streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus

87
Q

dog respiratory pneumonia pathogens bacteria

A
  • streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus

- nocardis spp.

88
Q

feline ocular pathogens bacteria

A
  • mycoplasma felis
  • mycoplasma gate
  • chlamydia felis
89
Q

feline respiratory pathogens bacteria

A
  • mycoplasma felis
  • mycoplasma gateae
  • streptococcus canis
  • streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus
90
Q

chicken respiratory pathogens bacteria

A
  • avibactreium paragallinarum
  • mycoplasma gallicepticum
  • Escherichia coli
  • asperigillus spp.
91
Q

turkey respiratory pathogens bacteria

A
  • bordetella avium
  • mycoplasma gallicepticum
  • escherichia coli
  • chylamydia psittaci
  • mycoplasma melegridis
  • aspergillus spp.
92
Q

rabbits resp pathogens bacteria

A
  • pasturella multocida
93
Q

psitticine birds resp pathogens bacteria

A
  • chlamydia psittici

- mycoplasma gallicepticum

94
Q

zoonotic resp pathogens bacteria

A
  • pasturella multocida
  • chlamydia felis
  • chlamydia psttici
  • rhodococcus equi
  • mycobacterium bovis
  • bordetella bronchicepticum
  • bordetella aviu,
  • avian pathogenic E. coli
95
Q

cattle neuro pathogens bacteria

A
  • listeria monocytogenes
  • clostridium tetani
  • clostridium botulinum
96
Q

horse neuro pathogens bacteria

A
  • clostridium tetani

- clostridium botulinum

97
Q

pig neuro pathogens bacteria

A
  • streptococcus suis

- clostridium tetani

98
Q

sheep/ goat neuro pathogens bacteria

A
  • listeria monocytogenes
  • clostridium tetani
  • clostridium botulinum
99
Q

dog neuro pathogens bacteria

A
  • cryptococcus neoformans
  • cryptococcus gaetane
  • clostridium tetani
100
Q

rabbits neuro pathogens bacteria

A
  • encephalitozoon cuniculi
101
Q

cat neuro pathogens bacteria

A
  • cryptococcus neoformans

- cryptococcus gateae

102
Q

bird neuro pathogens bacteria

A
  • clostridium botulinum
103
Q

zoonotic neuro pathogens bacteria

A
  • listeria monocytogenes
  • streptococcus suis
  • encephalitozoon cuniculi
104
Q

equine d+ pathogens bacteria

A
  • salmonella enterica
  • lawsonia intracellularis
  • neorickettsia risticci
  • clostridiodes difficile (bldy d+ most commonly in foals but any age possible)
  • clostridium perfringens
105
Q

bovine gi pathogens bacteria

A
  • enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (newborn calves up to one week)
  • mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis
106
Q

dog d+ pathogens bacteria

A
  • campylobacter jejuni

- campylobacter coli

107
Q

bovine d+ pathogens bacteria

A
  • enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (newborn calves up to one week)
  • mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (infected young signs 1-3 yrs) R
  • salmonella enterica by non host adapted serovars (younger animals and animals of any age)
  • clostridium perfringes (hemorrhagic or mucohemorrhagic d+ WITH systemic signs)
108
Q

ingested gi bacteria that -> systemic dx

A
  • clostridium perfringes (enterotoxemia)
109
Q

equine gi -> systemic -> death pathogens bacteria

A
  • clostridium perfringens

- clostridium piriform (foals)

110
Q

swine bullnose/ necrotic rhinitis pathogen bacteria

A
  • fusobacterium necrophorum
111
Q

d+ newborns piglets/ piglets just after weaning

A

enterotoxigenic E. coli

112
Q

swine dysentery (d+) pathogen bacteria

A

brachyospira hyrodysenteria

113
Q

poricine d+ chronic pathogen bacteria

A

lawsonia intracellularis

- can also have acute dx -> rapid death

114
Q

swine d+

A

salmonella enterica (young pigs)

  • enterotoxigenic E. coli (newborns/ just after weaning)
  • brachyospira hyrodysenteria (dysenteary)
  • lawsonia intracellualris (chronic d+)
  • clostridiodes difficile (newborn piglets)
115
Q

edema dx pigs bacteria pathogen

A

shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli

- see dx after weaning

116
Q

enterotoxemia pigs pathogen bacteria

A

clostridium perfringens

117
Q

sheep d+ pathogen bacteria

A
  • enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (newborns)

- mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (usually see ill thrift may see d+)

118
Q

enterotoxemia sheep pathogen bacteria

A

clostridium perfringes

119
Q

goats d+ pathogen bacteria

A

mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (usually see unthriftiness not d+)

120
Q

clostridium perfringens enterotoxemia in who

A
  • horse
  • cow
  • sheep
  • goat
  • chicken
  • turkey
121
Q

small ruminant unthriftiness pathogen bacteria

A

mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis

122
Q

dog hepatic necrosis -> pathogens bacteria

A

clostridium piriform

123
Q

bird tuberculosis pathogen bacteria

A

mycobacterium avium spp. avium

124
Q

chicken and turkey severe dx gi pathogen bacteria

A

salmonella enterica host adapted serovars NOT IN US

125
Q

clostridium piriform -> hepatic necrosis (tizzer’s dx) in who

A
  • rodent
  • rabbit
  • horse (foal)
  • dog
126
Q

zoonotic pathogens gi

A
  • enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (subset of shiga toxin producing ecoli) (severe dx v young and v old)
  • salmonella enterica (gastroenteritis)
  • campylobacter jejuni (gastroenteritis)
  • campylobacter coli
  • yersenia pseudo tuberculosis and yersenia enterocolitica (mesenteric lymphadenitis)
  • mycobacterium avium spp avium
  • mycobacterium avim spp. paratuberculosus and clostridiodes difficule suggested to be zoonotic but not proven

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