Systemic bacterial infections 3 Flashcards
Actinobacilus equuli general characteristics
- gram neg
- coccobacilus
- fac anaerobe
actinobacillus equal natural inhabitant
mucous membranes in resp tract and digestive tract of horses
actinobacillus equuli -> what in who
- sleepy foal dx
- systemic dx older horses
- systemic dx swine
sleepy foal dx signs
- peracute dx: sleepy, fever, d+, prostration, rapid death
- surviving animals develop arthritis, pneumonia
acrinobacillus equuli older horses signs
- arthritis (primarily)
- enocarditis
- nephritis
- septicemia
- inhalation can -> pneumonia
actinobacillus equuli swine
- arthtiris(primarily)
- endocartidits
- nephritis
- septicemia
- mastitis
actinobacillus equuli spread
- inhalation
- ingested
- navel (comes through navel in newborns)
acrtinobacillus equuli diagnosis
- tissues
- exudates
- blood samples
actinobacillus equuli tx
- pen/ gent
- COLLOSTRUM= most important means of prevention
- remove or treat infected mares
septicemic Escherichia coli (SEPEC) general characteristics
- gram neg
- bacillus
- fac anaerobe
- ZOONOTIC
septicemic escherichia coli natural inhabitant
- intestines
- enviorment
septicemic escherichia coli transmission
fecal oral
septicemic escherichia coli causes what in who
- bacteremia in foals, calves, lambs, piglets
septicemic escherichia coli signs
- weak
- +/- d+ +/- bld
- tachycardia
- dyspnea
- if survive: meningitis, pneumonia, arthritis
- USUALLY DIE W/ IN 24 HRS
septicemic escherichia coli pathogenesis
- virulence factors let them survive outside intestinal tract -> spread systemically in newborns if ingested if newborn not protected by maternal immunity -> dx
septicemic escherichia coli could be mistaken for
sleepy foal dx presents exactly like it could easily confuse the two
septicemic escherichia coli zoonosis
- zoonotic
- -> dx in ppl but not GI dx -> dx if something wrong w/ person and these get into bld stream -> dx, if keep in gi tract can be perfectly healthy carrier
septicemic escherichia coli diagnosis
- strains cultured from normally sterile sites (bld stream, jts)
- grow rapidly in bld agar medium
septicemic escherichia coli tx
- fluids/ electrolytes
- various antibiotics
- COLLOSTRUM = most important means of prevention
histophilus somni general characteristics
- gram neg
- fac anaerobe
- bacillus
histophilus somni natural inhabitation
resp tract
histophilus somni transmission
inhalation
histophilus somni -> what in who
- myocarditis
- thrombotic meningioencephalitis
- pneumonia
- rarer: arthritis, otitis, spontaneous aboriton
- cattle»_space; sheep
histophilus somni sings in who specifically w/ cows
- cattle 6-12 months
- fall and winter
- stress contributes to dx (see in feedlot)
cattle 6-12 months histophilus somni see what
- myocarditis -> sudden death w/ no premonitory signs (more common)
- TME
TME (thrombotic meningoencephalitis) cattle histophilus sombi signs
- depresison
- blindness (eyes closed hence name somni)
- ataxia
- sudden death
- this = more chronic dx = rare
- thrombi formed in brain not elsewhere
histophilus somni pathogenesis
form biofilms on endothelium in various tissues in heart they cause damage to endothelium -> necrotizing lesions
in cns endothelial damage -> thrombi -> ischemic necrosis of downstream tissue
histophilus somni lesions with histophilus myocarditis
necrotizing myocarditis
necrotizing lesions in papillary muscles of l ventricle myocardium
histophilus somni thrombotic meningoencephalitis lesion
- large hemorrhage in middle other hemorrhages throughout
- thrombi and ischemia
histophilus somni lambs
usually just septicemia
histophilus somni sheep
may see thrombotic meningoencephalitis
diagnosis histophilus somni
- necropsy
- culture bacteria from tissues
tx histophilus somni
- abs (la200)
- metaphylaxis
- vac = partial protection
pasturella multocida general characteristics systemic infection
- gram neg
- coccobacillus
- fac anerobe
- pasturlla mutlocida is zoonotic but systemic infection caused by capsular serotype a which isn’t really zoonotic compared to others
pastiruella multocida systemic infection
- fowl cholera
- avian cholera
signs fowl and avian cholera
- frequently find birds dead b/c of this
- acute dx
- chronic dx
acute dx avian and fowl cholera see what
- listlessness
- anorexia
- nasal discharge
- ocular discharge
- death
chronic dx avian and fowl cholera see what
- widespread lesions
- resp signs
- jt swelling -> lameness
- swollen wattle
pasturella multocida diagnosis
- isolate from bld and grow on bld agar
pasturella multocida tx
- abs
- vac
bacillus anthracis general characteristics
- gram pos
- strict aerobe
- spore-forming bacillus
- spores resistant
- Z
- R
- health and human services select agents list
- potential bioterrorism agent
bacillus anthracis natural inhabitant
soil and water
bacillus anthracis acquired how
ingestion
bacillus anthracis -> what in who
- anthrax
- cattle, sheep, goats
- horses
- swine
bacillus anthracis signs ruminants
- cows, sheep, goats:
- rapid death
- agalactica aborption
- congested mucous membranes
- bloody urine and feces
- edema (bc edema toxin)
how to handle carcas with bacillus antracis
- DO NOT OPEN bc would release spores and contaminate environment w/ spores that = last a decade +
- incinerate carcass where animal dropped
bacillus anthracis signs horse
- colic
- d+
- +/- edema
bacillus anthracis signs swine
- regional lymphadenitis
- edema (edema can -> death if occlude airway but thats why it could -> death pigs/ (also true in horses) otherwise tends not do in them)
bacillus anthracis bloody urine and feces importance
IMPORTANT INDICATES ANTRHAX FOR SUDDEN DEATH OVER HISTHOPHILUS SOMNI OR CLOSTRIDIUM SO KNOW NOT TO OPEN ANIMAL FOR NECROPSY OR MOVE IT
bacillus anthracis seen where
- mostly upper midwest and Texas, v sporadic dx in those areas
bacillus anthracis diagnosis
- blood samples
- v robust big gram pos rods in chain w/ capsule
bacillus anthracis tx
- abs
- vac
bacillus anthracis control
- NOTIFY
- carcasasses incinerated
- tx other animals abs and vac (dnt vac till done w/ abs or abs inactivate vac)
- quarantine farm w/ dx for 3 weeks after last case
bacillus anthracis spread
- NOT animal to animal
- pick it up form soil when spores come to surface under various conditions
Yersinia pestis general features
- gram neg
- bipolar staining
- coccobacillus
- fac anaerobe
- zoonotic
- health and human services select agents list
yersinia pestis -> what in who
- plague
- cats v suceptible
- zoonotic
- occasionally dogs get this
yersinia pestis natural inhabitant
tolerant hosts rodent reserviours
yersinia pestis transmission
- ingestion
- flea bite
- inhalation
plague variations
- bubonic plauge
- septicemic plauge
- pneumonic plauge
bubonic plague signs
- regional ln inflam and swelling
- fever, dehydration
septicemic plague signs
- shock
- dic
- fatal w/o tx
pneumonic plague
- fever
- c+
- sneezing
- rapidly fatal
plague pathogenesis
- bacteria ingested/ flea bite -> go to draining ln then frequently spread systemically
bubonic plague fatality
- if these spontaneously rupture and drain immune response will clear organisms and animal will survive
- 50% time bacteria spread into bld stream and if untreated this = fatal
yersinia pestis diagnosis
- pus aspirated from lns
- bld
- grow on bld agar but are slower growing
bipolar staining gram neg cocobacilli
- yersinia pestis
- pasturella
- manhaiemia
yersenia pestis tx
- abs (gent for sick animals tetracycline prophylactically)
- protective gear
- flea control
coxiella burnetti general characteristics
- gram neg
- obligate intracell
- coccobacillus
- microaerophilic
- Z
- R
- health human services select agents list
coxiella burnetti -> what in who
- Q fever ppl
- sheep, goat, cattle often asymptomatic +/- aboprtion/ still birth sheep and goats and dec milk production cows
coxiella burnetii transmission
shed in
- placenta
- amniotic fluids
- milk
- urine
- feces
- carrier animals where newborns fine can shed huge numbers bacteria into environment
coxiella burnetti stablity
- resistant to heat, drying, common disinfectants
coxiella burnetti forms
- intracell replicating form (large cell variant)
- extracell form (small cell variant, resistant, can be enivironment for a while, only have to inhale 1-10 to come down w/ dx)
burkholderia mallei general characteristics
- gram neg
- bacillus
- aerobic
- Z
- R
- potential bioterrorism
- us health and human services list
burkholderia mallei -> what in who
- glanders
- primarily in equids but many susceptible animals (not cattle, pigs, poultry)
burkholderia mallei found where
eliminated from us
u=burkholderia mallei acute dx see what in who
- donkeys and mules
- fever, nasal discharge, lymphadenitis of head and neck
burkholderia mallei transmission
- ingestion nasal discharge for spread btwn equi
burkholderia mallei chronic dx see what in who
- horses
- pulmonary: cough, epistaxis, labored breathing
- nasal: nodular lesions on turbinates, enlarged lns
- skin: sq nodules, enlarged lns
burkholderia pseudomallei characteristics
- gram neg
- bacillus
- aerobic
- Z
- R
- potential bioterrorism
- us health and human services list
burkholderia pseudomallei see what in who
- melioidosis
- horses: dx similar to glanders
- goats, pigs- chronic
- rodents and sheep- neuro; usually fatal
- z
burkholderia pseudomallei location
- south east asia
- australia
burkholderia pseudomallei diangosis
- exudates from lesions
- grows on bld agar
burkholderia spp. tx
- tetracycline works but bc z potential infected animals mainly killed
glanders us
eradicated via test and cull program
glanders found where
Middle East and asia
meleroidosis vs glanders
can eliminate glanders but not meleroidosis bc meleroidosis found in environment too
when see actinobacillus arthritis/ endocardidits/ septicemic in older horses and pigs
after stress
actinobacillus equuli and septicemic escherichia coli effect newborn animals who have had a
failure of passive transfer
histophilus somni mainly causes what systemically
- myocarditis in cattle
- also -> pneumonia and thrombotic meningoencephalitis
