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block 4 > Systemic bacterial infections 3 > Flashcards

Systemic bacterial infections 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Actinobacilus equuli general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • coccobacilus
  • fac anaerobe
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2
Q

actinobacillus equal natural inhabitant

A

mucous membranes in resp tract and digestive tract of horses

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3
Q

actinobacillus equuli -> what in who

A
  • sleepy foal dx
  • systemic dx older horses
  • systemic dx swine
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4
Q

sleepy foal dx signs

A
  • peracute dx: sleepy, fever, d+, prostration, rapid death

- surviving animals develop arthritis, pneumonia

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5
Q

acrinobacillus equuli older horses signs

A
  • arthritis (primarily)
  • enocarditis
  • nephritis
  • septicemia
  • inhalation can -> pneumonia
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6
Q

actinobacillus equuli swine

A
  • arthtiris(primarily)
  • endocartidits
  • nephritis
  • septicemia
  • mastitis
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7
Q

actinobacillus equuli spread

A
  • inhalation
  • ingested
  • navel (comes through navel in newborns)
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8
Q

acrtinobacillus equuli diagnosis

A
  • tissues
  • exudates
  • blood samples
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9
Q

actinobacillus equuli tx

A
  • pen/ gent
  • COLLOSTRUM= most important means of prevention
  • remove or treat infected mares
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10
Q

septicemic Escherichia coli (SEPEC) general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • bacillus
  • fac anaerobe
  • ZOONOTIC
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11
Q

septicemic escherichia coli natural inhabitant

A
  • intestines

- enviorment

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12
Q

septicemic escherichia coli transmission

A

fecal oral

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13
Q

septicemic escherichia coli causes what in who

A
  • bacteremia in foals, calves, lambs, piglets
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14
Q

septicemic escherichia coli signs

A
  • weak
  • +/- d+ +/- bld
  • tachycardia
  • dyspnea
  • if survive: meningitis, pneumonia, arthritis
  • USUALLY DIE W/ IN 24 HRS
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15
Q

septicemic escherichia coli pathogenesis

A
  • virulence factors let them survive outside intestinal tract -> spread systemically in newborns if ingested if newborn not protected by maternal immunity -> dx
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16
Q

septicemic escherichia coli could be mistaken for

A

sleepy foal dx presents exactly like it could easily confuse the two

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17
Q

septicemic escherichia coli zoonosis

A
  • zoonotic
  • -> dx in ppl but not GI dx -> dx if something wrong w/ person and these get into bld stream -> dx, if keep in gi tract can be perfectly healthy carrier
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18
Q

septicemic escherichia coli diagnosis

A
  • strains cultured from normally sterile sites (bld stream, jts)
  • grow rapidly in bld agar medium
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19
Q

septicemic escherichia coli tx

A
  • fluids/ electrolytes
  • various antibiotics
  • COLLOSTRUM = most important means of prevention
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20
Q

histophilus somni general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • fac anaerobe
  • bacillus
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21
Q

histophilus somni natural inhabitation

A

resp tract

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22
Q

histophilus somni transmission

A

inhalation

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23
Q

histophilus somni -> what in who

A
  • myocarditis
  • thrombotic meningioencephalitis
  • pneumonia
  • rarer: arthritis, otitis, spontaneous aboriton
  • cattle&raquo_space; sheep
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24
Q

histophilus somni sings in who specifically w/ cows

A
  • cattle 6-12 months
  • fall and winter
  • stress contributes to dx (see in feedlot)
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25
Q

cattle 6-12 months histophilus somni see what

A
  • myocarditis -> sudden death w/ no premonitory signs (more common)
  • TME
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26
Q

TME (thrombotic meningoencephalitis) cattle histophilus sombi signs

A
  • depresison
  • blindness (eyes closed hence name somni)
  • ataxia
  • sudden death
  • this = more chronic dx = rare
  • thrombi formed in brain not elsewhere
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27
Q

histophilus somni pathogenesis

A

form biofilms on endothelium in various tissues in heart they cause damage to endothelium -> necrotizing lesions
in cns endothelial damage -> thrombi -> ischemic necrosis of downstream tissue

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28
Q

histophilus somni lesions with histophilus myocarditis

A

necrotizing myocarditis

necrotizing lesions in papillary muscles of l ventricle myocardium

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29
Q

histophilus somni thrombotic meningoencephalitis lesion

A
  • large hemorrhage in middle other hemorrhages throughout

- thrombi and ischemia

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30
Q

histophilus somni lambs

A

usually just septicemia

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31
Q

histophilus somni sheep

A

may see thrombotic meningoencephalitis

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32
Q

diagnosis histophilus somni

A
  • necropsy

- culture bacteria from tissues

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33
Q

tx histophilus somni

A
  • abs (la200)
  • metaphylaxis
  • vac = partial protection
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34
Q

pasturella multocida general characteristics systemic infection

A
  • gram neg
  • coccobacillus
  • fac anerobe
  • pasturlla mutlocida is zoonotic but systemic infection caused by capsular serotype a which isn’t really zoonotic compared to others
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35
Q

pastiruella multocida systemic infection

A
  • fowl cholera

- avian cholera

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36
Q

signs fowl and avian cholera

A
  • frequently find birds dead b/c of this
  • acute dx
  • chronic dx
37
Q

acute dx avian and fowl cholera see what

A
  • listlessness
  • anorexia
  • nasal discharge
  • ocular discharge
  • death
38
Q

chronic dx avian and fowl cholera see what

A
  • widespread lesions
  • resp signs
  • jt swelling -> lameness
  • swollen wattle
39
Q

pasturella multocida diagnosis

A
  • isolate from bld and grow on bld agar
40
Q

pasturella multocida tx

A
  • abs

- vac

41
Q

bacillus anthracis general characteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • strict aerobe
  • spore-forming bacillus
  • spores resistant
  • Z
  • R
  • health and human services select agents list
  • potential bioterrorism agent
42
Q

bacillus anthracis natural inhabitant

A

soil and water

43
Q

bacillus anthracis acquired how

A

ingestion

44
Q

bacillus anthracis -> what in who

A
  • anthrax
  • cattle, sheep, goats
  • horses
  • swine
45
Q

bacillus anthracis signs ruminants

A
  • cows, sheep, goats:
  • rapid death
  • agalactica aborption
  • congested mucous membranes
  • bloody urine and feces
  • edema (bc edema toxin)
46
Q

how to handle carcas with bacillus antracis

A
  • DO NOT OPEN bc would release spores and contaminate environment w/ spores that = last a decade +
  • incinerate carcass where animal dropped
47
Q

bacillus anthracis signs horse

A
  • colic
  • d+
  • +/- edema
48
Q

bacillus anthracis signs swine

A
  • regional lymphadenitis
  • edema (edema can -> death if occlude airway but thats why it could -> death pigs/ (also true in horses) otherwise tends not do in them)
49
Q

bacillus anthracis bloody urine and feces importance

A

IMPORTANT INDICATES ANTRHAX FOR SUDDEN DEATH OVER HISTHOPHILUS SOMNI OR CLOSTRIDIUM SO KNOW NOT TO OPEN ANIMAL FOR NECROPSY OR MOVE IT

50
Q

bacillus anthracis seen where

A
  • mostly upper midwest and Texas, v sporadic dx in those areas
51
Q

bacillus anthracis diagnosis

A
  • blood samples

- v robust big gram pos rods in chain w/ capsule

52
Q

bacillus anthracis tx

A
  • abs

- vac

53
Q

bacillus anthracis control

A
  • NOTIFY
  • carcasasses incinerated
  • tx other animals abs and vac (dnt vac till done w/ abs or abs inactivate vac)
  • quarantine farm w/ dx for 3 weeks after last case
54
Q

bacillus anthracis spread

A
  • NOT animal to animal

- pick it up form soil when spores come to surface under various conditions

55
Q

Yersinia pestis general features

A
  • gram neg
  • bipolar staining
  • coccobacillus
  • fac anaerobe
  • zoonotic
  • health and human services select agents list
56
Q

yersinia pestis -> what in who

A
  • plague
  • cats v suceptible
  • zoonotic
  • occasionally dogs get this
57
Q

yersinia pestis natural inhabitant

A

tolerant hosts rodent reserviours

58
Q

yersinia pestis transmission

A
  • ingestion
  • flea bite
  • inhalation
59
Q

plague variations

A
  • bubonic plauge
  • septicemic plauge
  • pneumonic plauge
60
Q

bubonic plague signs

A
  • regional ln inflam and swelling

- fever, dehydration

61
Q

septicemic plague signs

A
  • shock
  • dic
  • fatal w/o tx
62
Q

pneumonic plague

A
  • fever
  • c+
  • sneezing
  • rapidly fatal
63
Q

plague pathogenesis

A
  • bacteria ingested/ flea bite -> go to draining ln then frequently spread systemically
64
Q

bubonic plague fatality

A
  • if these spontaneously rupture and drain immune response will clear organisms and animal will survive
  • 50% time bacteria spread into bld stream and if untreated this = fatal
65
Q

yersinia pestis diagnosis

A
  • pus aspirated from lns
  • bld
  • grow on bld agar but are slower growing
66
Q

bipolar staining gram neg cocobacilli

A
  • yersinia pestis
  • pasturella
  • manhaiemia
67
Q

yersenia pestis tx

A
  • abs (gent for sick animals tetracycline prophylactically)
  • protective gear
  • flea control
68
Q

coxiella burnetti general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • obligate intracell
  • coccobacillus
  • microaerophilic
  • Z
  • R
  • health human services select agents list
69
Q

coxiella burnetti -> what in who

A
  • Q fever ppl

- sheep, goat, cattle often asymptomatic +/- aboprtion/ still birth sheep and goats and dec milk production cows

70
Q

coxiella burnetii transmission

A

shed in

  • placenta
  • amniotic fluids
  • milk
  • urine
  • feces
  • carrier animals where newborns fine can shed huge numbers bacteria into environment
71
Q

coxiella burnetti stablity

A
  • resistant to heat, drying, common disinfectants
72
Q

coxiella burnetti forms

A
  • intracell replicating form (large cell variant)
  • extracell form (small cell variant, resistant, can be enivironment for a while, only have to inhale 1-10 to come down w/ dx)
73
Q

burkholderia mallei general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • bacillus
  • aerobic
  • Z
  • R
  • potential bioterrorism
  • us health and human services list
74
Q

burkholderia mallei -> what in who

A
  • glanders

- primarily in equids but many susceptible animals (not cattle, pigs, poultry)

75
Q

burkholderia mallei found where

A

eliminated from us

76
Q

u=burkholderia mallei acute dx see what in who

A
  • donkeys and mules

- fever, nasal discharge, lymphadenitis of head and neck

77
Q

burkholderia mallei transmission

A
  • ingestion nasal discharge for spread btwn equi
78
Q

burkholderia mallei chronic dx see what in who

A
  • horses
  • pulmonary: cough, epistaxis, labored breathing
  • nasal: nodular lesions on turbinates, enlarged lns
  • skin: sq nodules, enlarged lns
79
Q

burkholderia pseudomallei characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • bacillus
  • aerobic
  • Z
  • R
  • potential bioterrorism
  • us health and human services list
80
Q

burkholderia pseudomallei see what in who

A
  • melioidosis
  • horses: dx similar to glanders
  • goats, pigs- chronic
  • rodents and sheep- neuro; usually fatal
  • z
81
Q

burkholderia pseudomallei location

A
  • south east asia

- australia

82
Q

burkholderia pseudomallei diangosis

A
  • exudates from lesions

- grows on bld agar

83
Q

burkholderia spp. tx

A
  • tetracycline works but bc z potential infected animals mainly killed
84
Q

glanders us

A

eradicated via test and cull program

85
Q

glanders found where

A

Middle East and asia

86
Q

meleroidosis vs glanders

A

can eliminate glanders but not meleroidosis bc meleroidosis found in environment too

87
Q

when see actinobacillus arthritis/ endocardidits/ septicemic in older horses and pigs

A

after stress

88
Q

actinobacillus equuli and septicemic escherichia coli effect newborn animals who have had a

A

failure of passive transfer

89
Q

histophilus somni mainly causes what systemically

A
  • myocarditis in cattle

- also -> pneumonia and thrombotic meningoencephalitis

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