Skin and Would 2 Flashcards
1
Q
malassezia pachydermratits general info
A
- yeast, divides by budding
- aerobic or microaerophile
- lipophilic
2
Q
malassezia pachydermatitis natural inhabitant of where
A
- skin
- mucous membranes
3
Q
malassezia machydermatitsi causes what in who
A
- infections endogenous (normal commensal that overgrows when change in microenviorment)
- primarily in dogs
- RARE cats
- see in ppl but not zoonosis
4
Q
when get malassezia pachydermatits infecitons
A
- after changes in host immunity, altered skin microclimate
- very often see under neck
5
Q
malassezia pachydermattis see what
A
- dermatitis (pruritus, alopecia, hyper pigmentation; erythematous skin, lichenification)
- otitis externa, exudate can become purulent and malodorous; pruritus
6
Q
malassezia pachydermattis diagnosis
A
- skin scrapings
- direct impression smears
- acetate tape samples (hard to reach areas)
- ear swabs for yeast overgrowth
- culture on fungal media or blood agar (always yeast)
- bc normal commensal will find it the key is to see how much you find (ie if you find an abnormally high amount)*
7
Q
malassezia pachydermatitis tx
A
- shampoos to remove lipids form skin
- topical analgesics, anti-inflam, antifungal, antibacterial
- correct underlying conditions -> overgrowth
8
Q
staphylococcus hyicus general
A
- gram pos
- fac an
- coccus
- in clusters
9
Q
staphylococcus hyicus natural inhabitant of what
A
- skin
- mucous membrane
10
Q
staphylococcus hyicus causes what in who
A
- greasy pig dx in young pigs
11
Q
staphylococcus hyicus see what clincially (ie presentation greasy pig dx)
A
- reddish / copper colored skin
- thin brown scales become dark and greasy, peel off in scabs
- anorexia, dehydration, weak, depressed, can -> death if severe
12
Q
staphylococcus hyicus transmission
A
- new born piglets = colonized w/ bacteria form dam if not good maternal immunity or maternal immunity wanes
- enhanced if immune damage
13
Q
pathogenic mechanisms staphylococcus hyicus
A
- avoid clearance via antiphagocytic capsule and IgG biding protein inhibiting opsonization by antibodies
- exfoliative toxins produced by bacteria
14
Q
exfoliative toxins staphylococcus hyicus
A
proteases cleave porcine desmoglein 1 -> intraepidermal cleavage plane (outer epidermis falls apart in stratum corneum and stratum granulosum) -> bacteria spreads in epidermis -> inflam
- piglet looses fluids through skin can -> dehydration
15
Q
staphylococcus hyicus diagnosis
A
- clinical signs
- exudates
- skin scraping
16
Q
staphylococcus hyicus tx
A
- ab resistance common so may need skin samples for suceptiblty testing
17
Q
staphylococcus hyicus prevention
A
- good hygienic practice
- autogenous bacterin (give to sow passed onto newborns to try to reduce amount coming onto animals at time -> immunity)
18
Q
dermatophilus congolensis general
A
- gram pos
- fac an
- branching filaments (“higher bacteria”)
- filaments fill w/ cocci = zoospores
19
Q
dermatophilus congolensis inhabitant of what
A
- infected animals
- dnt survive well in environment or off animal
20
Q
dermatophilus congolensis entry how
A
- entry via wounds or enter skin if wet for significant period of time (macerated skin)
- zoospores can enter through macerated skin then grow out into branching filaments
21
Q
dermatophilus congolensis see what
A
- scabs made of layers keratinized epidermis and neutrophilic exudates (bacteria grow then immune response to bacteria then get scabs which = made of keratinized epidermis)
- scabs start out attached and come off but can get held on by hair or wool
22
Q
dermatophilus congolensis causes what in who
A
- streptotricosis/ rain rot/ rain scald = cows, horse, goat
- lumpy wool dx and strawberry foot rot = sheep
23
Q
strawberry foot rot clinical signs
A
- not serious foot rot
- localized to interdigital region
- scabs come off -> red lesions = look like starberries
24
Q
rain scald clinical signs
A
- persistent soaking off skin; spots look like rain drops but are just individual spots of bacterial inoculation
- “paint brush lesions”
25
dermatophilus congolensis diagnosis
- scrapings form lesions- multicellular branching filaments
- bacteria in lesions
- bld agar
26
dermatophilus congolensis geo
- found world wide
27
dermatophilus congolensis tx
- scab removal via grooming, clipping
| - variety of abs
28
dermatophilus congolensis prevention
- minimize wetting of skin
29
corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis general
- gram pos
- fac an
- diptheroid (mult shapes)
- variably acid fast
- ZOONOTIC (cases in ppl v uncommon but possible)
30
corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis normal inhabitant of where
- skin
| - mucous membranes
31
corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis entry how
- breaks in skin
| - wounds (sheep from shearing, horses wounds or fly bites)
32
corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis -> what in who
- caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats
- pigeon fever in horses (REPORTABLE)
- ulcerative lyphangitis, primarily in horses rarely in cows (less common in us usually see this in other pts of world)
33
caseous lymphadenitis sheep and goats corynebacterium pseudotubercolois see what
- multilayered abscesses in lns, general health = normal (sheep > goats); (get layered apperance bc mycolic acid in bacterial cell wall -> neutrophils and macrophages -> encapsulation -> rounds encapsulation -> layered appearance)
- thin ewe syndrome
34
goats multilayered accesses
in goats these = external layers from fighting or head butting
35
thin ewe syndrome see what
- corynebacterium pseudotubercolsis gets in via nicks in skin via sheering -> affects int lns nail okay at first but isn't putting on weight --> accesses form in lns w/ in body and overtime response = basically animal not doing well / putting on weight
36
pyogranulomatous abcesse goat
- trueparella pyogenes
| - corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
37
pigeon fever horses see what
- abscess typically pectoral region
-
- REPORTABLE
38
pigeon fever horses pathogenesiss
- bacteria into skin via flies acting as mechanical vectors which -> breaks in skin -> abscess in chest region -> chest swelling
39
pigeon fever aka
dry land distemper
40
pigeon fever seen where
most common out west but can find anywhere in us
41
ulcerative lymphangitis see what
- primarily see in horses rarely also cows
- ascends lymphatics, develop accesses along tracts
- nodules rupture leaving ulcers; usually on lower limbs, ascend lymphatics and pyogranulomas from that can ulcerate to outside
42
ulcerative lyphangitis geo
- pigeon fever typically see in in us
| - ulcerative lymphangitis is generally see outside of us
43
corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis diagnosis
- pus from abscesses contains gram pos diphtheroids
44
tx corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
- caseous lymphadenitis = refractory to abs
- pigeon fever and ulcerative lymphangitis = abcess removed surgically
- prevent spread of dx by lancing and draining accesses b4 they rupture
45
corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis prevention
- good hygiene during shearing
- lance and drain accesses b4 rupture
- vac for sheep and goats (dnt completely prevent dx or colonization but dc incidence of abscess formation)
- fly control horses
46
sub cutaneous mycoses general info
- causes by normal fungi out in environment
- a lot of fungi in environment wnt grow at body temp ones that do tend to produce proteases
- usually get into skin by thorn, splinter, ect.
47
sporothrix schenckii general info
- most common fungi that causes sq mycoses
- dimorphic
- mold in eniovnrmnet
- yeast in host (converts to yeast form in host, elongated yeast, ie cigar bodied, can be really hard to see)
- obligate aerobe
48
sporothrix schenckii natural inhabitant of
- soil
- wood
- vegitation
49
sporothrix schneckii entry
- wounds
| - can infect ppl too but not zoonotic
50
sporothrix schenckii causes what
- mult small nodules on lower part of leg
| - ulcerate and discharge pus
51
sporothrix schenckii causes what in who
- most common in horses on legs
- nodules along lower and upper legs
- like ulcerative lymphangitis (can ulcerate and discharge pus, can persist for months on legs of horse)
52
Sporothrix schenckii geo
- not very common in us
53
sporothrix schenckii diagnosis
- exudates grown on sabouraud dextrose agar at room temp and bld agar at 37C to demonstrate dimorphic
- can stain but hard to see
54
sporothrix schenckii tx
- iodides, azaleas given orally
55
malassezia pachydermatis dx process similar to
staph psuidintermedis, normal commensals overgrow and -> dx
56
sporothrix schenckii looks like
- ulcerative lyphangitis
| - farci (skin form of glanders)
