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block 4 > Skin and Would 2 > Flashcards

Skin and Would 2 Flashcards

1
Q

malassezia pachydermratits general info

A
  • yeast, divides by budding
  • aerobic or microaerophile
  • lipophilic
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2
Q

malassezia pachydermatitis natural inhabitant of where

A
  • skin

- mucous membranes

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3
Q

malassezia machydermatitsi causes what in who

A
  • infections endogenous (normal commensal that overgrows when change in microenviorment)
  • primarily in dogs
  • RARE cats
  • see in ppl but not zoonosis
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4
Q

when get malassezia pachydermatits infecitons

A
  • after changes in host immunity, altered skin microclimate

- very often see under neck

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5
Q

malassezia pachydermattis see what

A
  • dermatitis (pruritus, alopecia, hyper pigmentation; erythematous skin, lichenification)
  • otitis externa, exudate can become purulent and malodorous; pruritus
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6
Q

malassezia pachydermattis diagnosis

A
  • skin scrapings
  • direct impression smears
  • acetate tape samples (hard to reach areas)
  • ear swabs for yeast overgrowth
  • culture on fungal media or blood agar (always yeast)
  • bc normal commensal will find it the key is to see how much you find (ie if you find an abnormally high amount)*
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7
Q

malassezia pachydermatitis tx

A
  • shampoos to remove lipids form skin
  • topical analgesics, anti-inflam, antifungal, antibacterial
  • correct underlying conditions -> overgrowth
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8
Q

staphylococcus hyicus general

A
  • gram pos
  • fac an
  • coccus
  • in clusters
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9
Q

staphylococcus hyicus natural inhabitant of what

A
  • skin

- mucous membrane

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10
Q

staphylococcus hyicus causes what in who

A
  • greasy pig dx in young pigs
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11
Q

staphylococcus hyicus see what clincially (ie presentation greasy pig dx)

A
  • reddish / copper colored skin
  • thin brown scales become dark and greasy, peel off in scabs
  • anorexia, dehydration, weak, depressed, can -> death if severe
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12
Q

staphylococcus hyicus transmission

A
  • new born piglets = colonized w/ bacteria form dam if not good maternal immunity or maternal immunity wanes
  • enhanced if immune damage
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13
Q

pathogenic mechanisms staphylococcus hyicus

A
  • avoid clearance via antiphagocytic capsule and IgG biding protein inhibiting opsonization by antibodies
  • exfoliative toxins produced by bacteria
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14
Q

exfoliative toxins staphylococcus hyicus

A

proteases cleave porcine desmoglein 1 -> intraepidermal cleavage plane (outer epidermis falls apart in stratum corneum and stratum granulosum) -> bacteria spreads in epidermis -> inflam
- piglet looses fluids through skin can -> dehydration

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15
Q

staphylococcus hyicus diagnosis

A
  • clinical signs
  • exudates
  • skin scraping
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16
Q

staphylococcus hyicus tx

A
  • ab resistance common so may need skin samples for suceptiblty testing
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17
Q

staphylococcus hyicus prevention

A
  • good hygienic practice

- autogenous bacterin (give to sow passed onto newborns to try to reduce amount coming onto animals at time -> immunity)

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18
Q

dermatophilus congolensis general

A
  • gram pos
  • fac an
  • branching filaments (“higher bacteria”)
  • filaments fill w/ cocci = zoospores
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19
Q

dermatophilus congolensis inhabitant of what

A
  • infected animals

- dnt survive well in environment or off animal

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20
Q

dermatophilus congolensis entry how

A
  • entry via wounds or enter skin if wet for significant period of time (macerated skin)
  • zoospores can enter through macerated skin then grow out into branching filaments
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21
Q

dermatophilus congolensis see what

A
  • scabs made of layers keratinized epidermis and neutrophilic exudates (bacteria grow then immune response to bacteria then get scabs which = made of keratinized epidermis)
  • scabs start out attached and come off but can get held on by hair or wool
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22
Q

dermatophilus congolensis causes what in who

A
  • streptotricosis/ rain rot/ rain scald = cows, horse, goat

- lumpy wool dx and strawberry foot rot = sheep

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23
Q

strawberry foot rot clinical signs

A
  • not serious foot rot
  • localized to interdigital region
  • scabs come off -> red lesions = look like starberries
24
Q

rain scald clinical signs

A
  • persistent soaking off skin; spots look like rain drops but are just individual spots of bacterial inoculation
  • “paint brush lesions”
25
Q

dermatophilus congolensis diagnosis

A
  • scrapings form lesions- multicellular branching filaments
  • bacteria in lesions
  • bld agar
26
Q

dermatophilus congolensis geo

A
  • found world wide
27
Q

dermatophilus congolensis tx

A
  • scab removal via grooming, clipping

- variety of abs

28
Q

dermatophilus congolensis prevention

A
  • minimize wetting of skin
29
Q

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis general

A
  • gram pos
  • fac an
  • diptheroid (mult shapes)
  • variably acid fast
  • ZOONOTIC (cases in ppl v uncommon but possible)
30
Q

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis normal inhabitant of where

A
  • skin

- mucous membranes

31
Q

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis entry how

A
  • breaks in skin

- wounds (sheep from shearing, horses wounds or fly bites)

32
Q

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis -> what in who

A
  • caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats
  • pigeon fever in horses (REPORTABLE)
  • ulcerative lyphangitis, primarily in horses rarely in cows (less common in us usually see this in other pts of world)
33
Q

caseous lymphadenitis sheep and goats corynebacterium pseudotubercolois see what

A
  • multilayered abscesses in lns, general health = normal (sheep > goats); (get layered apperance bc mycolic acid in bacterial cell wall -> neutrophils and macrophages -> encapsulation -> rounds encapsulation -> layered appearance)
  • thin ewe syndrome
34
Q

goats multilayered accesses

A

in goats these = external layers from fighting or head butting

35
Q

thin ewe syndrome see what

A
  • corynebacterium pseudotubercolsis gets in via nicks in skin via sheering -> affects int lns nail okay at first but isn’t putting on weight –> accesses form in lns w/ in body and overtime response = basically animal not doing well / putting on weight
36
Q

pyogranulomatous abcesse goat

A
  • trueparella pyogenes

- corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

37
Q

pigeon fever horses see what

A
  • ## abscess typically pectoral region
  • REPORTABLE
38
Q

pigeon fever horses pathogenesiss

A
  • bacteria into skin via flies acting as mechanical vectors which -> breaks in skin -> abscess in chest region -> chest swelling
39
Q

pigeon fever aka

A

dry land distemper

40
Q

pigeon fever seen where

A

most common out west but can find anywhere in us

41
Q

ulcerative lymphangitis see what

A
  • primarily see in horses rarely also cows
  • ascends lymphatics, develop accesses along tracts
  • nodules rupture leaving ulcers; usually on lower limbs, ascend lymphatics and pyogranulomas from that can ulcerate to outside
42
Q

ulcerative lyphangitis geo

A
  • pigeon fever typically see in in us

- ulcerative lymphangitis is generally see outside of us

43
Q

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis diagnosis

A
  • pus from abscesses contains gram pos diphtheroids
44
Q

tx corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A
  • caseous lymphadenitis = refractory to abs
  • pigeon fever and ulcerative lymphangitis = abcess removed surgically
  • prevent spread of dx by lancing and draining accesses b4 they rupture
45
Q

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis prevention

A
  • good hygiene during shearing
  • lance and drain accesses b4 rupture
  • vac for sheep and goats (dnt completely prevent dx or colonization but dc incidence of abscess formation)
  • fly control horses
46
Q

sub cutaneous mycoses general info

A
  • causes by normal fungi out in environment
  • a lot of fungi in environment wnt grow at body temp ones that do tend to produce proteases
  • usually get into skin by thorn, splinter, ect.
47
Q

sporothrix schenckii general info

A
  • most common fungi that causes sq mycoses
  • dimorphic
  • mold in eniovnrmnet
  • yeast in host (converts to yeast form in host, elongated yeast, ie cigar bodied, can be really hard to see)
  • obligate aerobe
48
Q

sporothrix schenckii natural inhabitant of

A
  • soil
  • wood
  • vegitation
49
Q

sporothrix schneckii entry

A
  • wounds

- can infect ppl too but not zoonotic

50
Q

sporothrix schenckii causes what

A
  • mult small nodules on lower part of leg

- ulcerate and discharge pus

51
Q

sporothrix schenckii causes what in who

A
  • most common in horses on legs
  • nodules along lower and upper legs
  • like ulcerative lymphangitis (can ulcerate and discharge pus, can persist for months on legs of horse)
52
Q

Sporothrix schenckii geo

A
  • not very common in us
53
Q

sporothrix schenckii diagnosis

A
  • exudates grown on sabouraud dextrose agar at room temp and bld agar at 37C to demonstrate dimorphic
  • can stain but hard to see
54
Q

sporothrix schenckii tx

A
  • iodides, azaleas given orally
55
Q

malassezia pachydermatis dx process similar to

A

staph psuidintermedis, normal commensals overgrow and -> dx

56
Q

sporothrix schenckii looks like

A
  • ulcerative lyphangitis

- farci (skin form of glanders)

block 4 (23 decks)

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