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Parvoviruses and circoviruses Flashcards

1
Q

parvovirus structure

A
  • small single stranded DNA pos or neg sense
  • non-enveloped
  • icosahedral capsid
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2
Q

parvovirus replication where

A
  • in nucleus of diving cells
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3
Q

parvovirus inclusions bodies

A

large intranuc inclusion bodies

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4
Q

parvovirus replication steps

A

ssdna converted by cell dna pol -> dsdna -> template for mrna formation by cell rna pol -> translation into proteins which can be nonstructural then make new ssdna strains based on dsdna -> capsid formed from structural proteins -> together form newly formed viron

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5
Q

parvovirus infects what hosts broadly

A
  • host range infect vertebrates and invertebrates
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6
Q

parvovirus properties

A
  • v stable in environment bc non-enveloped

- hemagglutinate rbcs

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7
Q

parvovirus pathogenesis

A
  • requirement for replicating cells so v destructive in newborn/ young animals
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8
Q

parvoviruses entry routes

A
  • oral
  • fomites
  • in utero
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9
Q

parvovirus infection length

A
  • acute infection

- some can persist for long time despite robust host immune response

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10
Q

carnivore parvoviruses

A
  • canine parvovirus (CPV)
  • feline panleukopenia virus (FPV)
  • these are variants of same virus ; antigenic and host range variations occur
  • can also -> dx in wild carnivores
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11
Q

canine parvo virus caused by what and causes what

A
  • canine parvovirus 2

- important cause infectious d+ domestic and wild canids

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12
Q

canine parvovirus incidence

A
  • declined a lot bc of vac
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13
Q

carnivore parvovirus transmission

A

virus- contaminated feces

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14
Q

carnivore parvovirus dx in who and syndromes

A
  • dx in growing puppies
  • enteritis syndrome
  • myocarditis syndrome
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15
Q

enteritis syndrome

A
  • v+/ bloody d+/ death
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16
Q

myocarditis syndrome

A
  • acute heart failure

- sudden puppy death

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17
Q

feline panleukopenia contagious/ seen in who

A
  • highly contagious

- in kittens but cats all ages susceptible

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18
Q

feline panleukopenia replication

A

oral entry -> initial replication in pharyngeal lymphoid tissue -> cell-free and associated viremia -> spread to organ

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19
Q

feline panleukopenia signs

A
  • servere leukopenia (all types abcs destroyed including those in lymphoid organs)
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20
Q

feline panleukopenia forms

A
  • peracute form
  • acute form
  • in-utero infection
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21
Q

feline panleukopenia peracute form

A

high fever -> death

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22
Q

feline panleukopenia acute form

A

fever -> v+/ bloody d+

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23
Q

feline panleukopenia in-utero infection

A

cerebellar hypoplasia/ atrophy

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24
Q

feline panleukopenia diagnosis

A
  • Elisa look for viral antigens in feces
  • virus isolation need to stain for viral antingens
  • hemagglutination inhibition look for antibodies
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25
feline panleukopenia who is most susceptible
- young animals = waning maternal antibody titers
26
feline panleukopenia vac
protective (modified live form)
27
feline panleukopenia control
virus inactivated by diluted hypochlorite
28
porcine parvoviruses distribution
- worldwide | - enzootic in many herds
29
porcine parvoviruses incidence
dec bc vaccination
30
porcine parvovirus in gilts
- majority gilts = infected naturally = immune before farrowed -> antibodies decline = become highly susceptible - problem if this occurs when giving brith
31
porcine parvovirus boars
- important for spread of virus shed via semen
32
largest impact porcine parvovirus
- infection of pregnant gilts and sows
33
what dictates clinical signs porcine parvovirus and what are those signs
- state of gestation when infected = dictates clinical signs - clinical signs = SMEDI - S- stillbirth - M- mummification - ED- embryonic death - I- infertility
34
porcine parvovirus pathogenesis
- 15 days for virus to reach fetus after mom infected - infection < 30 days after conception: fetus dies and resorbs -> return to oestrus 3-8 weeks after conception - infection 30-70 days after conception -> severely affected fetuses die -> sm litter w/ mummified fetuses - infection > 70 days after conception -> less severely affected fetuses mount immune response -> weak piglets - virus replicates in lymphoid tissues, salivary gland, and other organs - causes persistent infection w/ chronic shedding
35
porcine parvoviruses clinical signs in who
- clinical signs in fetuses only - others asymptomatic - severe dx if confection with porcine circovirus type-2
36
porcine parvovirus diagnosis
= immunofluorescence for viral antigen in fetal tissues - HAI - PCR shows dna presence only which w/ chronically persistently infected animals doesn't tell you iff issue you're dealing with is caused. by that virus - serology = limited value; must do paired
37
porcine parvovirus control
- vac | - modified live ok in pregnant animals
38
equine parvovirus ->
- aborption - synovitis - found in CSF
39
equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EpPV-H)
- most likely cause thriller's dx -> serum hepatitis | - replicates in hepatocytes
40
equine parvovirus hepatitis (EpPV-H) spread
some natural transmission possible but we don't know route
41
what is strange about equineparvovirus hepatitis replication
replicates in hepatocytes = terminally differentiated cells when normally Parvo replicates in rapidly replicating cells
42
additional parvoviruses to know
- Aleutian mink disease virus - goose and duck parvovirus - rodent parvovirus
43
Aleutian mink dx virus affects who -> what
- minks, skunks, ferrets | - splenomegaly, glomerulonephritis, arteritis, death
44
goose and duck parvovirus what kind of virus what is outcome
- adeno-associated virus (need helper virus to effectively replicate) - lethal dx goslings and ducklings
45
rodent parvovirus found where, significance, see what
- enzootic infections in rodent colonies | - usually subclinical infections but can have cofounding effect on research outcomes
46
rodent parvovirus control
- biosafetly | - eliminate infected populations
47
maternal antibodies with parvoviruses
- maternal abs = protective to young but interfere w/ vac
48
circoviruses structure
- small - single stranded dna - icosahedral capsid - non-enveloped
49
circovirus replication where; leads to what
- replication in nucleus of divine cells (young animals = severely effected) - -> large intranuclear inclusion bodies
50
circovirus replication general steps
binding receptor on cell surface -> entry via receptor mediated endocytosis -> release ssdna in nucleus -> conversion ds dna using cell dna pol -> substrate to make viral mRNA -> viral proteins structural or non-structural -> new single stranded dna made both of above made-> combination structural proteins and new single stranded dna -> release
51
circoviruses genera
- circovirus (PCV 1 and 2) | - gyrovirus (CAV)
52
circoviruses can infect what species most commonly
- pigs | - birds
53
porcine circovirus virus type and general features
- belong to family circoviruses genus circovirus - porcine corona viruses: porcine corona virus 1 porcine corona virus 2
54
porcine corona virus 1
apathogenic in pigs
55
porcine corona virus 2
- pathogenic significance - porcine circovirus associated disease - widespread
56
porcine circovirus primarily in who; mortality level
weanling piglets; can be associated with significant mortality
57
porcine circoviruses pathogenesis
- clinical dx observed with secondary microbial infections = present
58
porcine circoviruses transmission
- direct contact or fomites - vertical transmission too - maternal antibodies protect piglets
59
porcine circoviruses virus shed how
shed in feces, urine, resp secretions
60
porcine circovirus dx syndromes
- post weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) - porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) - porcine respiratory dx complex
61
post weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)- -> what
- granulomatous inflam of - lymphoid tissues - kidney - heart - intestines
62
post weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome see what
- botryoid inclusion bodies infecting macrophages | - these in cytoplasm
63
porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome -> what
- ischemic necrosis skin | - glomerulonephritis
64
porcine resp dx complex -> what
- bronchointerstitial pneumonia
65
porcine circovirus diagnosis
- bc widespread w/ subclinical infections presence doesn't mean dx (a few virus infected cells in a few organs not playing large role but lots in lots of organs probably is) - immuofluouresence/histochemistry = quantify # and distribution viruses-infected cell - quantitative PCR
66
porcine coronavirus control
- general management | - vaccination
67
chicken parvovirus family and genus
family: circoviruses genus: gyrovirus
68
chicken parvovirus -> what
- chicken infectious anemia virus | - primarily in young chickens
69
chicken infectious anemia virus
- worldwide especially in industrial poultry
70
chicken infectious anemia virus transmission
- horizontal transmission via direct contact and fomites - shedding virus in feces and feather dander - vertical transmission- breeder hens carry virus in reprotract -> vertical transmission to egg if hen viremic
71
chicken infectious anemia virus clinical signs
- adult: no clinical signs but breeder hens carry - young chickens: - acute immunosuppressive dx - watery bld - delayed clot formation - cutaneous im hemorrhages - inc mortality - anemia
72
chicken infectious anemia virus pathogenisis
- primary infection site = lymphoid tissues -> viremia -> secondary replication sites (liver, rectum, skin) - viral infection of hemocytoblasts (blood stem cell) -> pancytopenia - immunosuppression and therefore secondary bacterial infections more severe
73
chicken infectious anemia age resistance
- 1-2 weeks after hatching and protection by maternal antibodies to dx (NOT INFECTION)
74
chicken infectious anemia virus diagnosis
- clinical signs - gross/ microscopic pathology (watery bld, hemorrhages spread out among diff lesions) - virus isolation- staining viral antigens - serology
75
chicken infections anemia virus control
- neutralizing antibodies = protective against dx not infection - vac - control other immunosuppressive viruses preventing severe outcomes
76
psittacine beak and feather dx affects who
- various birds primarily cockatoos primarily young birds
77
psitaccine beak and feather dx see what
- often subclinical - feather abnormalities; beak abnormalities - progressive dx die quickly or live in featherless state - secondary infectoins
78
pstiaccine beak and feather dx histo
- basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in follicular epithelium
79
pisttacine beak and feature dx diagnosis
- clinical signs | - histo
80
psittacine beak and feather dx control
- no vac | - hygiene and quarantine
81
circoviruses general see dx in who any protection?
- dx young animals | - maternal immunity protective against dx not infection

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