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block 4 > Parvoviruses and circoviruses > Flashcards

Parvoviruses and circoviruses Flashcards

1
Q

parvovirus structure

A
  • small single stranded DNA pos or neg sense
  • non-enveloped
  • icosahedral capsid
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2
Q

parvovirus replication where

A
  • in nucleus of diving cells
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3
Q

parvovirus inclusions bodies

A

large intranuc inclusion bodies

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4
Q

parvovirus replication steps

A

ssdna converted by cell dna pol -> dsdna -> template for mrna formation by cell rna pol -> translation into proteins which can be nonstructural then make new ssdna strains based on dsdna -> capsid formed from structural proteins -> together form newly formed viron

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5
Q

parvovirus infects what hosts broadly

A
  • host range infect vertebrates and invertebrates
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6
Q

parvovirus properties

A
  • v stable in environment bc non-enveloped

- hemagglutinate rbcs

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7
Q

parvovirus pathogenesis

A
  • requirement for replicating cells so v destructive in newborn/ young animals
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8
Q

parvoviruses entry routes

A
  • oral
  • fomites
  • in utero
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9
Q

parvovirus infection length

A
  • acute infection

- some can persist for long time despite robust host immune response

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10
Q

carnivore parvoviruses

A
  • canine parvovirus (CPV)
  • feline panleukopenia virus (FPV)
  • these are variants of same virus ; antigenic and host range variations occur
  • can also -> dx in wild carnivores
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11
Q

canine parvo virus caused by what and causes what

A
  • canine parvovirus 2

- important cause infectious d+ domestic and wild canids

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12
Q

canine parvovirus incidence

A
  • declined a lot bc of vac
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13
Q

carnivore parvovirus transmission

A

virus- contaminated feces

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14
Q

carnivore parvovirus dx in who and syndromes

A
  • dx in growing puppies
  • enteritis syndrome
  • myocarditis syndrome
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15
Q

enteritis syndrome

A
  • v+/ bloody d+/ death
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16
Q

myocarditis syndrome

A
  • acute heart failure

- sudden puppy death

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17
Q

feline panleukopenia contagious/ seen in who

A
  • highly contagious

- in kittens but cats all ages susceptible

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18
Q

feline panleukopenia replication

A

oral entry -> initial replication in pharyngeal lymphoid tissue -> cell-free and associated viremia -> spread to organ

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19
Q

feline panleukopenia signs

A
  • servere leukopenia (all types abcs destroyed including those in lymphoid organs)
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20
Q

feline panleukopenia forms

A
  • peracute form
  • acute form
  • in-utero infection
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21
Q

feline panleukopenia peracute form

A

high fever -> death

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22
Q

feline panleukopenia acute form

A

fever -> v+/ bloody d+

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23
Q

feline panleukopenia in-utero infection

A

cerebellar hypoplasia/ atrophy

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24
Q

feline panleukopenia diagnosis

A
  • Elisa look for viral antigens in feces
  • virus isolation need to stain for viral antingens
  • hemagglutination inhibition look for antibodies
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25
Q

feline panleukopenia who is most susceptible

A
  • young animals = waning maternal antibody titers
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26
Q

feline panleukopenia vac

A

protective (modified live form)

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27
Q

feline panleukopenia control

A

virus inactivated by diluted hypochlorite

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28
Q

porcine parvoviruses distribution

A
  • worldwide

- enzootic in many herds

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29
Q

porcine parvoviruses incidence

A

dec bc vaccination

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30
Q

porcine parvovirus in gilts

A
  • majority gilts = infected naturally = immune before farrowed -> antibodies decline = become highly susceptible
  • problem if this occurs when giving brith
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31
Q

porcine parvovirus boars

A
  • important for spread of virus shed via semen
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32
Q

largest impact porcine parvovirus

A
  • infection of pregnant gilts and sows
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33
Q

what dictates clinical signs porcine parvovirus and what are those signs

A
  • state of gestation when infected = dictates clinical signs
  • clinical signs = SMEDI
  • S- stillbirth
  • M- mummification
  • ED- embryonic death
  • I- infertility
34
Q

porcine parvovirus pathogenesis

A
  • 15 days for virus to reach fetus after mom infected
  • infection < 30 days after conception: fetus dies and resorbs -> return to oestrus 3-8 weeks after conception
  • infection 30-70 days after conception -> severely affected fetuses die -> sm litter w/ mummified fetuses
  • infection > 70 days after conception -> less severely affected fetuses mount immune response -> weak piglets
  • virus replicates in lymphoid tissues, salivary gland, and other organs
  • causes persistent infection w/ chronic shedding
35
Q

porcine parvoviruses clinical signs in who

A
  • clinical signs in fetuses only
  • others asymptomatic
  • severe dx if confection with porcine circovirus type-2
36
Q

porcine parvovirus diagnosis

A

= immunofluorescence for viral antigen in fetal tissues

  • HAI
  • PCR shows dna presence only which w/ chronically persistently infected animals doesn’t tell you iff issue you’re dealing with is caused. by that virus
  • serology = limited value; must do paired
37
Q

porcine parvovirus control

A
  • vac

- modified live ok in pregnant animals

38
Q

equine parvovirus ->

A
  • aborption
  • synovitis
  • found in CSF
39
Q

equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EpPV-H)

A
  • most likely cause thriller’s dx -> serum hepatitis

- replicates in hepatocytes

40
Q

equine parvovirus hepatitis (EpPV-H) spread

A

some natural transmission possible but we don’t know route

41
Q

what is strange about equineparvovirus hepatitis replication

A

replicates in hepatocytes = terminally differentiated cells when normally Parvo replicates in rapidly replicating cells

42
Q

additional parvoviruses to know

A
  • Aleutian mink disease virus
  • goose and duck parvovirus
  • rodent parvovirus
43
Q

Aleutian mink dx virus affects who -> what

A
  • minks, skunks, ferrets

- splenomegaly, glomerulonephritis, arteritis, death

44
Q

goose and duck parvovirus what kind of virus what is outcome

A
  • adeno-associated virus (need helper virus to effectively replicate)
  • lethal dx goslings and ducklings
45
Q

rodent parvovirus found where, significance, see what

A
  • enzootic infections in rodent colonies

- usually subclinical infections but can have cofounding effect on research outcomes

46
Q

rodent parvovirus control

A
  • biosafetly

- eliminate infected populations

47
Q

maternal antibodies with parvoviruses

A
  • maternal abs = protective to young but interfere w/ vac
48
Q

circoviruses structure

A
  • small
  • single stranded dna
  • icosahedral capsid
  • non-enveloped
49
Q

circovirus replication where; leads to what

A
  • replication in nucleus of divine cells (young animals = severely effected)
  • -> large intranuclear inclusion bodies
50
Q

circovirus replication general steps

A

binding receptor on cell surface -> entry via receptor mediated endocytosis -> release ssdna in nucleus -> conversion ds dna using cell dna pol -> substrate to make viral mRNA ->
viral proteins structural or non-structural
-> new single stranded dna made
both of above made-> combination structural proteins and new single stranded dna -> release

51
Q

circoviruses genera

A
  • circovirus (PCV 1 and 2)

- gyrovirus (CAV)

52
Q

circoviruses can infect what species most commonly

A
  • pigs

- birds

53
Q

porcine circovirus virus type and general features

A
  • belong to family circoviruses genus circovirus
  • porcine corona viruses:
    porcine corona virus 1
    porcine corona virus 2
54
Q

porcine corona virus 1

A

apathogenic in pigs

55
Q

porcine corona virus 2

A
  • pathogenic significance
  • porcine circovirus associated disease
  • widespread
56
Q

porcine circovirus primarily in who; mortality level

A

weanling piglets; can be associated with significant mortality

57
Q

porcine circoviruses pathogenesis

A
  • clinical dx observed with secondary microbial infections = present
58
Q

porcine circoviruses transmission

A
  • direct contact or fomites
  • vertical transmission too
  • maternal antibodies protect piglets
59
Q

porcine circoviruses virus shed how

A

shed in feces, urine, resp secretions

60
Q

porcine circovirus dx syndromes

A
  • post weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)
  • porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)
  • porcine respiratory dx complex
61
Q

post weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)- -> what

A
  • granulomatous inflam of
  • lymphoid tissues
  • kidney
  • heart
  • intestines
62
Q

post weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome see what

A
  • botryoid inclusion bodies infecting macrophages

- these in cytoplasm

63
Q

porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome -> what

A
  • ischemic necrosis skin

- glomerulonephritis

64
Q

porcine resp dx complex -> what

A
  • bronchointerstitial pneumonia
65
Q

porcine circovirus diagnosis

A
  • bc widespread w/ subclinical infections presence doesn’t mean dx (a few virus infected cells in a few organs not playing large role but lots in lots of organs probably is)
  • immuofluouresence/histochemistry = quantify # and distribution viruses-infected cell
  • quantitative PCR
66
Q

porcine coronavirus control

A
  • general management

- vaccination

67
Q

chicken parvovirus family and genus

A

family: circoviruses
genus: gyrovirus

68
Q

chicken parvovirus -> what

A
  • chicken infectious anemia virus

- primarily in young chickens

69
Q

chicken infectious anemia virus

A
  • worldwide especially in industrial poultry
70
Q

chicken infectious anemia virus transmission

A
  • horizontal transmission via direct contact and fomites
  • shedding virus in feces and feather dander
  • vertical transmission- breeder hens carry virus in reprotract -> vertical transmission to egg if hen viremic
71
Q

chicken infectious anemia virus clinical signs

A
  • adult: no clinical signs but breeder hens carry
  • young chickens:
  • acute immunosuppressive dx
  • watery bld
  • delayed clot formation
  • cutaneous im hemorrhages
  • inc mortality
  • anemia
72
Q

chicken infectious anemia virus pathogenisis

A
  • primary infection site = lymphoid tissues -> viremia -> secondary replication sites (liver, rectum, skin)
  • viral infection of hemocytoblasts (blood stem cell) -> pancytopenia
  • immunosuppression and therefore secondary bacterial infections more severe
73
Q

chicken infectious anemia age resistance

A
  • 1-2 weeks after hatching and protection by maternal antibodies to dx (NOT INFECTION)
74
Q

chicken infectious anemia virus diagnosis

A
  • clinical signs
  • gross/ microscopic pathology (watery bld, hemorrhages spread out among diff lesions)
  • virus isolation- staining viral antigens
  • serology
75
Q

chicken infections anemia virus control

A
  • neutralizing antibodies = protective against dx not infection
  • vac
  • control other immunosuppressive viruses preventing severe outcomes
76
Q

psittacine beak and feather dx affects who

A
  • various birds primarily cockatoos primarily young birds
77
Q

psitaccine beak and feather dx see what

A
  • often subclinical
  • feather abnormalities; beak abnormalities
  • progressive dx die quickly or live in featherless state
  • secondary infectoins
78
Q

pstiaccine beak and feather dx histo

A
  • basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in follicular epithelium
79
Q

pisttacine beak and feature dx diagnosis

A
  • clinical signs

- histo

80
Q

psittacine beak and feather dx control

A
  • no vac

- hygiene and quarantine

81
Q

circoviruses general see dx in who any protection?

A
  • dx young animals

- maternal immunity protective against dx not infection

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