Respiratory tract infections III Flashcards
histophilus sombi part of what viral fam
pasturellacea
histophilus somni features
- gram negative
- facultative anaerobe
- bacillus
histophilus somni commensal
- normal inhabitant of resp tract
histophilus somni -> ?
bronchopneumonia bc stress
hitophilus somni often associated with what
mannhaeimi haemolytica infections in cattle, this = part of bovine resp dx complex
rhodococcus equi general features
- gram pos
- variably acid fast
- strict aerob
- coccus or bacillus (cocci in lab usually)
rhodococcus equi normal inhabitant of what
soil and animal manure
rhodococcus equi spread
- inhalation
- direct contact
rhodococcus equi -> what
-pyogramulomatous bronchopneumonia of foals 1-6 months
rhodococcus equi signs
- pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia
- accesses in lungs and bronchial lns
- resp signs
rhodococus equi case fatialty risk
50%
rhodococcus equi affects who
- foals 1-6 months
- occasionally pigs
- ruminants
- ZOONOTIC
rhodococcus equi pathogenesis
- inhaled from contaminated soil
- opsonized by compliment and taken in by complement receptors on alveolar macrophages bc survive and replicates intracellularly
- mycelia acid in cell wall makes them hard to clear -> pyogramulomatous lesions
rhodococcus equi diagnosis
- evidence of nodules on us or rads + gram pos bacilli/ cocci
rhodococcus equi
- hard to tx with ab in animal bc intracell and in pyogramulomas; give macrolide and rifampin combo to affect protein and rna synth
rhodococcus equi vac
- none
mycoplasma spp. general features
- pleomorphic cells
- stain gram neg
- facultative anaerobe
- mollicutes (lack outer membrane and cell wall so stain gram neg but not true gram neg)
mycoplasma spp. comensal?
- normal inhabitant of mucosa throughout body
mycoplasma outside host
- does not survive well outside host
mycoplasma spp. transmission
- inhalation
- direct contact
- dress predisposes to dx
mycoplasma spp. specificity
very host adapted
mycoplasma spp. avain
- mycoplasma gallisepticum
- mycoplasma meleagridis
- mycoplasma iowae
mycoplasma gallisepticum affects who
- chicken
- turkey
- other fowl
mycoplasma gallisepticum signs chickens
- primary cause chronic resp tract and air sac dx in chickens
mycoplasma gallisepticum signs turkey
- primary cause chronic resp tract and air sac dx
- sinusitis (sinuses filled with thick exudate)
mycoplasma gallisepticum other fowl
- primary cause chronic resp tract and air sac dx
mycoplasma gallisepticum songbirds
- conjunctivitis
reportable mycoplasma dx
- mycoplasma gallisepticum
- mycoplasma mycoides spp. mycoides
- mycoplasma capricolum spp. capripneumonia
mycoplasma melegridies affects who/ causes what
air sac dx in turkeys
mycoplasma iowae affects who/ causes what
air sac dx in turkeys
bovine mycoplasma spp.
- mycoplasma bovoculi
- mycoplasma bovis
- mycoplasma mycoides spp. mycoides
mycoplasma bovoculi -> what in who
- conjunctivitis in cattle
- tends to be one or primary infections that -> ability of mortadella bovis to establish infection of bovine keratoconjunctiviits
mycoplasma bovis -> what in who
- otitis media
- pneumonia
- pt of bovine resp dx complex)
mycoplasma mycoides spp. mycoides -> what in who
- contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in cows (resp signs, severe depression)
-REPORTABLE
-ON USDA SELECT AGENTS LIST
ERRADIATED FROM US
usda select agents list
- agents that are considered potential bioterrorism bc of effects on livestock industry
- mycoplasma mycoides spp. mycoides
- mycoplasma capricolum spp. capripneumoniae
small ruminatant mycoplasma spp.
- mycoplasma conjunctivae caprine pathogens - m. mycoides spp. capri - m. capricolum spp. capripneumoniae ovine pathogens - m. ovipneumoniae
mycoplasma conjunctivae -> what in who
- conjunctivitis in small ruminants
mycoplasma mycoides spp. capri -> what in who
- pleuropneumonia
- rapidly fatal septicemia
- goat
mycoplasma capricolum spp. capripneumoniae causes what in who
- contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
- goats
- not in us anymore
- REPORTABLE
- ON USDA SELECT AGENTS LIST
mycoplasma ovipneumoniae leads to what in who
- secondary pneumonia by mannheimiae hemolytic and biberstenia trehalosi
swine mycoplasma spp.
- mycoplasma hypopneumoniae
mycoplasma hypopneumoniae -> what in who
- enzootic pneumonia in swine
presentation of enzootic pneumonia from mycoplasma hypopneumonia in swine
- non productive cough, mild chronic dx
- delayed weight gain = industry effect
- cr v consolidation in lungs
- the most economically important dx in finishing pigs*
mycoplasma spp. cats
- mycoplasma felis
- mycoplasma gateae
mycoplasma felis -> ? in who
- conjunctivitis
- pneumonia
- can see urt if in conjunction w viral urt
- cat
mycoplasma gateae -> ? in who
- conjunctivits
- pneumonia
- cat
mycoplasma rodent
- mycoplasma pulmonis
mycoplasma pulmonis -> what in who
- low grade resp dx
- rodents
mycoplasma pathogenic mechanisms
- adhere to resp epithelium via surface proteins
- adherent bacteria can -> ciliostais/ image -> predisposition to other bacterial dx
- some adherent bacteria producing damaging metabolites
mycoplasma pathogenicity of chronic infection
- chronic infection common
- antigenic variation and biofilm formation = contribute to persistence
- persistant acitivation of inflating response
diagnosis mycoplasma spp
- v fussy won’t last long on swabs
- growth media needs source of sterols NOT blood agar
- confirm enzootic pneumonia of swine via pcr
tx mycoplasma spp.
- mycoplasma = sensitive to abs but biofilms -> these being chronic and hard to clear bc limit ab efficiency
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia and Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia diagnosis and course of action
- id by elisa
- cull
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia vac?
yes, live attenuated
mycoplasma gallisepticum vac?
yes live atenuated
mycoplasma hyponeumoia vac
bacterin
mycoplasma bovis vac
bacteria
how to prevent mycoplasma in pigs
delivering specific pathogen free pigs via cesarian
how to prevent mycoplasma in calves
pasteurization of use of milk replacer
chlamydia spp. general characteristics
- small, round
- gram neg
- obligate aerobe
- obligate intracell pathogens (inside vacuole in cell)
chlamydia spp. lifecycle
complex
- elementary body- infectious form
- reticulate body- metabolically active form
- ?release via reverse extrusion of vacuole = release = a little less activating of immune system?
chylamydia spp. normal commensal?
- natural inhabitant of mucous membranes of resp tract birds and mammals
chylamydia spp. transmission
- direct contact
- inhalation
ocular chlamydia spp.
- chlamydia felis
- chlamydia percorum
chlamydia felis affects who / leads to what
- conjunctivitis in cats (ocular discharge, blepharospasm)
- ZOONOTIC
chlamydia perform causes what in who
- conjunctivitis in small ruminants
- keratitis less common
zoonotic chlymadia
- chlamydia felis
- chlamydia psittaci
chlamydia psittaci -> ?
- psittacosis
- ornithosis
- avian chlamydiosis REPORTABLE
- parrot fever -> pneumonia ZOONOTIC
chlamydia psittaci affects who
- older psittacine birds = subclinical infection = reactivated by stress
signs= refusal to feed, mucopurulent nasal discharge - non psittacine birds signs = inappetence, weight loss, reduction in egg production
diagnosis chylamydia dsittaci
- inclusions iced by stained patient specimines
- culture MUST GROW IN TISSUE CULTURE WILL NOT GROW ON BACTERIOLOGICAL CULTURE BC OBLIGATE INTRACELL
tx for chylamida
tetracycline
escherichia coli features general
- gram neg
- facultative anaerobe
- bacillus
escherica colli comensal?
- natural inhabitant of intestines
- widely distributed in environment
escherica coli affects who
- secondary invader in birds with viral or mycoplasma resp tract dx
escherichia coli -> ?
- air sacculitis
- colibacillosis
- colisepticemia
- resp distress
- dec feeding
- dec feed conversion
Escherichia coli transmission
- acquired by inhalation (bacteria from intestinal tract -> environment -> bacteria inhaled in
escherichia coli zoonotic
maybe = unclear
avian pathogenic E. coli tx
- resistance to antimicrobials = common
- vac = killed or attenuated
