Adenoviruses and Papiloma viruses Flashcards
adenovirus what type of virus/ general features
- ds dna
- med size
- non enveloped (stable)
- capsid with protein fibers for attachment
- v species specific
papiloma virus what kind ov virus
ds dna
adenoviruses of vet importance
- canine adenovirus 1 and 2
- avian adenovirus
- equine adenovirus 1 and 2
- cervine adenovirus 1
adenovirus replication highlights
- viral replication in step-wise manner (early and late phase of replication)
- intranuc inclusion bodies
adenoviruses genera
6 total
- mastadenovirus (mammals)
- aviadenovirus (bird)
- atadenovirus (birds, reptiles, ruminants)
- siadenovirus (birds, reptiles, ruminants)
- ichtadenovirus (fish)
- testadenovirs (turtles)
adenovirus properties and host defense
- interfere with host antiviral defense mechanisms
- early viral proteins interfere with cell cycle gene ( can -> transformation)
how does adenovirus interfere with host antiviral defense mechanisms
- inhibit MHC1 antigen transport -> block T cell recognition
- inhibit NFkB -> block anti-viral and anti-inflame response
- interfere with Bcl-2 control apoptosis
adenovirus agglutination response
- HA
- HA-inhibition assays
dog canine adenovirus
- canine adenovirus 1
- canine adenovirus 2
- antigenic related viruses that -> distinct dx
canine adenovirus 1
-infectious canine hepatitis virus
canine adenovirus 2
- respiratory dx
canine adenovirus severity
bc of vac reduced dec severity so most infections asymptomatic or mild
canine adenovirus vac
cav-2 strain which cross protects against cav-1 with dec risk of side effect blue eye
canine adenovirus 1 found in who
- wildlife (fox, wolf, coyote, skunk, bear)
- dogs
canine adenovirus 1 dogs signs
- acute hepatitis
- ocular
- resp dx
canine hepatitis virus 1 systemic infeciton
- peracute dx
- acute dx
- mild dx
peracute dx canine adenovirus 1 signs
- dead pup w/o apparent signs or after 3-4hrs of illness
acute dx canine adenovirus 1 signs
- fever
- icterus
- d+
- petechial hemorrhages of gums
- fatal or recover
- 25% develop corneal opacity (if recover)
mild dx canine adenovirus 1 signs
vaccine- modified dx
pathogenesis CAV-1
- ingestion urine, feces, saliva (or conjunctival or aerosol transmission)
- replication in tonsil crypts and peters patches
- viremia
- replication endothelial and parenchymal cells of diff organs
- widespread hemorrhages and necrosis
major target organs canine adenovirus 1
- eye, liver, kidney, endothelium
canine adenovirus 1 alt name
infectious canine hepatitis
kidney infection canine adenovirus 1
viruria: virus shed in urine > 6 months (also shedding via feces and saliva)
clinical signs canine adenovirus 1
eye:
-corneal edema aka “blue eye”**
- spontaneous resolution (usually)
- can occur with vac (usually with cav-1 strains which is why use cav-2)
liver:
- replication in kupffer cells and hepatocytes -> liver damage bc cytotoxic virus
- neutralizing antibodies
systemic dx -> hepatic necrosis
liver low titers neutralizing antibodies
- acute death puppies
- acute hepatitis -> recovery (adults)
liver high titers neutralizing antibodies
- mild dx (usually)
- chronic hepatitis -> fibrosis and cirrhosis (rare)
canine adenovirus 1 lesions
- enlarged lns
- swollen spleen
- focal necrosis/ hemorrhages
- thickened edematous gallbladder
- dic
infectious canine hepatitis 1 diagnosis
- histo intranuc inclusion bodies
- HAI
canine adenovirus 2 dx
- localized resp dx upper and mid resp
- kennel cough complex
canine adenovirus 2 persistance
- can persist and shed at low levels for months
- self limiting resp dx
kennel cough complex canine adenovirus 2
potential contributor especially when co-infected w/ bord bronch, parainfluenza virus, or canine influenza
avian adenovirus dx
- egg drop syndrome (atadenovirus)
- turkey adenovirus 2 (siadenovirus)
egg drop syndrome virus in who
- chickens
- ducks
- geese
egg drop syndrome virus where
- eliminated USA
egg drop syndrome virus transmission
- contaminated eggs, bird droppings, fomites, needles for vac
egg drop syndrome virus signs
- drop in egg production
- eggs loose color become soft shelled
- chickens healthy
egg drop syndrome lesions
- pouch shell gland and oviduct inflam infiltration (intranuc inclusion bodies)
egg drop syndrome control
- vac for avian adenovirus
turkey adenovirus 2 aka
hemorrhagic enteritis
turkey adenovirus 2 infects who
- acute infection turkeys > 4 weeks
turkey adenovirus 2 transmission
- fomites
- bird droppings
turkey adenovirus 2 signs
- acute onset: bloody droppings
- splenomegaly, intestinal hemorrhage (can -> death)
- secondary bacterial infection bc suppress immune system
turkey adenovirus 2 histology
- reticule-endothelial hyperplasia
- intranuc inclusions in spleen
equine adenovirus types
- EAV-1
- EAV-2
equine adenovirus signs
- asymptomatic or mild mid to upper resp tract dx
- secondary bacterial infection (can -> mucopurulent nasal discharge)
- immunodeficient (SCID) arabian foals v susceptible; die < 3 months
equine adenovirus tx
- self liming, resolve spontaneously
deer adenovirus
cervine adenovirus 1
cervine adenovirus 1 in who
- most common in mule deer, occasionally in moose
- mostly in Oregon
cervine adenovirus clinical signs
- rapid breathing, foaming, or drooling
- d+, weakness, fluid in body cavities
- DEATH 3-5 days after exposure
cervine adenovirus lesions
- pulmonary edema
- hemorrhages
- ulcerations in GI
cervine adenovirus tx
fatal dx no treatment
how ti kill adenovirus in enovnrment
bleach
papiloma viruses of veterinary importance
- canine oral papilomavirus
- bovine papilomavirus
- equine papilomatosis and sarcoids
papilomavirus biological features
- mechanism of tumor induction
- ability to cause persisting infecitons
papilomavirus stability
virons = v stable, resist common disinfectants, low ph, and high temps
papilomavirus expression/ in who
- ubiquitous
- species specific
papilomavirus infection general pathogenicity
- most = asymptomatic
polyomavirus biological features
- mechanism of tumor induction
- ability to cause persisting infecitons
polyomavirus stability
virons = v stable, resist common disinfectants, low ph, and high temps
polyomavirus expression/ in who
- ubiquitous
- species specific
polyomavirus general pathogenicity
- most = asymptomatic
papilloma lesions
- restricted to skin and mucosal surfaces
polyoma lesions
- wide tissue tropism (neurologic, renal, and skin dx)
papiloma/ polyomavirus structures (2 diff viruses but same structural properties)
- small
- circular
- ds dna
- non-enveloped
papilomavirus replication
- depends on host cell machinery
- intimately linked to tissue differntaiton in skin
viral gene expression at diff stages of differentiation papillomavirus
- stratum basale: DNA-only state
- stratum spinosum and granulosum: non dividing cells -> virus forces cells to keep dividing -> cellular hyperplasia
- stratum corneum: no cell lysis, new virus released by sloughed off, exfoliated epithelia cells ( no immune response so no immune recognition that something is happening in these cells)
what is required for papilloma/ polyomavirus replication
micro wound present for these to create infeciton
papilloma classes
- non viral
- papilomavirus- induced
non-viral papiloma classes
- benign neoplasms
- older animals
- no spontaneous resolving
papilomavirus-induced
- warts
- young animals
- resolve spontaneously
papilloma virus effects who leads to what
- oral papillomas- dogs, rabbits
- skin papillomas- cattle, horses
- genital papillomas- domestic livestock
papiloma viruses infect what
- mostly keratinocytes -> squamous papilloma (carcinoma)
papiloma viruses in ruminants
- can infect fibroblasts -> fibropapiloma
diagnosis papilomaviruss
- apperance
- intranuclear inclusion bodies
canine papiloma viruses
- cpv-1
- cpv-13
canine papiloma viruses presentation
- young
- oral lesions (lip, bucal membrane)
- +/- extensive
- RARE non-regressing warts
- RARE squamous cell carcinoma associated with CPV
canine papiloma virus time fram
- incubation 4-8 weeks
- immune mediated regression 4-8 weeks
papiloma virus cows affects who
- common in all ages
- highest incidence in calves
papilloma virus cows transmission
- fomites
- sexual contact
- reactivation bc injury or immunosupression
papilloma virus cows timeline
- incubation 6 weeks
- regression 1-6 moths
papiloma virus cows neoplasia
- can be associated with neoplasia depending on bracken fern exposure, rare
papillomaviruses horse
- most common EcPV-1 small elevated keratinized skin lesions
- genital EcPV-2
- aural plaques EcPV-3 and EcPV-4
papillomavirus horse presentation in who
- young horse lips nose and ears, eyelids, limbs
papillomavirus horse timeline
- last 1-9 months
papilomavirus horse significance
can predispose to squamous cell carcinoma
bovine deptapapillomaviruses -> what
- BPV 1,2,13
- cause sarcoids in horses <4
horse sarcoids suceptibility
- determined by genetic and enivonrmntal factors
horse sarcoids persistance
- can persist for life and be locally invasive but DO NOT METASTISIZE
horse sarcoids presenation
- variable clinical appearance w/ diff types
- verrucous (slow growing), fibroblastic (rapid growing), mixed, occult (flat)
- histologically same
tx horse sarcoids
- control (dx, cryotherapy, hyperthermia, chemo, radiation, antivirals, immunomodulation
- reoccurrence common
polyomaviruses dx severity
- mammals lifelong asymptomatic
- birds acute, systemic dx (French molt)
papiloma/polyomavirus replication
intimately linked to cell differentiation stage
