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block 4 > Adenoviruses and Papiloma viruses > Flashcards

Adenoviruses and Papiloma viruses Flashcards

1
Q

adenovirus what type of virus/ general features

A
  • ds dna
  • med size
  • non enveloped (stable)
  • capsid with protein fibers for attachment
  • v species specific
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2
Q

papiloma virus what kind ov virus

A

ds dna

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3
Q

adenoviruses of vet importance

A
  • canine adenovirus 1 and 2
  • avian adenovirus
  • equine adenovirus 1 and 2
  • cervine adenovirus 1
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4
Q

adenovirus replication highlights

A
  • viral replication in step-wise manner (early and late phase of replication)
  • intranuc inclusion bodies
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5
Q

adenoviruses genera

A

6 total

  • mastadenovirus (mammals)
  • aviadenovirus (bird)
  • atadenovirus (birds, reptiles, ruminants)
  • siadenovirus (birds, reptiles, ruminants)
  • ichtadenovirus (fish)
  • testadenovirs (turtles)
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6
Q

adenovirus properties and host defense

A
  • interfere with host antiviral defense mechanisms

- early viral proteins interfere with cell cycle gene ( can -> transformation)

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7
Q

how does adenovirus interfere with host antiviral defense mechanisms

A
  • inhibit MHC1 antigen transport -> block T cell recognition
  • inhibit NFkB -> block anti-viral and anti-inflame response
  • interfere with Bcl-2 control apoptosis
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8
Q

adenovirus agglutination response

A
  • HA

- HA-inhibition assays

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9
Q

dog canine adenovirus

A
  • canine adenovirus 1
  • canine adenovirus 2
  • antigenic related viruses that -> distinct dx
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10
Q

canine adenovirus 1

A

-infectious canine hepatitis virus

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11
Q

canine adenovirus 2

A
  • respiratory dx
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12
Q

canine adenovirus severity

A

bc of vac reduced dec severity so most infections asymptomatic or mild

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13
Q

canine adenovirus vac

A

cav-2 strain which cross protects against cav-1 with dec risk of side effect blue eye

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14
Q

canine adenovirus 1 found in who

A
  • wildlife (fox, wolf, coyote, skunk, bear)

- dogs

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15
Q

canine adenovirus 1 dogs signs

A
  • acute hepatitis
  • ocular
  • resp dx
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16
Q

canine hepatitis virus 1 systemic infeciton

A
  • peracute dx
  • acute dx
  • mild dx
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17
Q

peracute dx canine adenovirus 1 signs

A
  • dead pup w/o apparent signs or after 3-4hrs of illness
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18
Q

acute dx canine adenovirus 1 signs

A
  • fever
  • icterus
  • d+
  • petechial hemorrhages of gums
  • fatal or recover
  • 25% develop corneal opacity (if recover)
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19
Q

mild dx canine adenovirus 1 signs

A

vaccine- modified dx

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20
Q

pathogenesis CAV-1

A
  • ingestion urine, feces, saliva (or conjunctival or aerosol transmission)
  • replication in tonsil crypts and peters patches
  • viremia
  • replication endothelial and parenchymal cells of diff organs
  • widespread hemorrhages and necrosis
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21
Q

major target organs canine adenovirus 1

A
  • eye, liver, kidney, endothelium
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22
Q

canine adenovirus 1 alt name

A

infectious canine hepatitis

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23
Q

kidney infection canine adenovirus 1

A

viruria: virus shed in urine > 6 months (also shedding via feces and saliva)

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24
Q

clinical signs canine adenovirus 1

A

eye:
-corneal edema aka “blue eye”**
- spontaneous resolution (usually)
- can occur with vac (usually with cav-1 strains which is why use cav-2)
liver:
- replication in kupffer cells and hepatocytes -> liver damage bc cytotoxic virus
- neutralizing antibodies
systemic dx -> hepatic necrosis

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25
Q

liver low titers neutralizing antibodies

A
  • acute death puppies

- acute hepatitis -> recovery (adults)

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26
Q

liver high titers neutralizing antibodies

A
  • mild dx (usually)

- chronic hepatitis -> fibrosis and cirrhosis (rare)

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27
Q

canine adenovirus 1 lesions

A
  • enlarged lns
  • swollen spleen
  • focal necrosis/ hemorrhages
  • thickened edematous gallbladder
  • dic
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28
Q

infectious canine hepatitis 1 diagnosis

A
  • histo intranuc inclusion bodies

- HAI

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29
Q

canine adenovirus 2 dx

A
  • localized resp dx upper and mid resp

- kennel cough complex

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30
Q

canine adenovirus 2 persistance

A
  • can persist and shed at low levels for months

- self limiting resp dx

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31
Q

kennel cough complex canine adenovirus 2

A

potential contributor especially when co-infected w/ bord bronch, parainfluenza virus, or canine influenza

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32
Q

avian adenovirus dx

A
  • egg drop syndrome (atadenovirus)

- turkey adenovirus 2 (siadenovirus)

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33
Q

egg drop syndrome virus in who

A
  • chickens
  • ducks
  • geese
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34
Q

egg drop syndrome virus where

A
  • eliminated USA
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35
Q

egg drop syndrome virus transmission

A
  • contaminated eggs, bird droppings, fomites, needles for vac
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36
Q

egg drop syndrome virus signs

A
  • drop in egg production
  • eggs loose color become soft shelled
  • chickens healthy
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37
Q

egg drop syndrome lesions

A
  • pouch shell gland and oviduct inflam infiltration (intranuc inclusion bodies)
38
Q

egg drop syndrome control

A
  • vac for avian adenovirus
39
Q

turkey adenovirus 2 aka

A

hemorrhagic enteritis

40
Q

turkey adenovirus 2 infects who

A
  • acute infection turkeys > 4 weeks
41
Q

turkey adenovirus 2 transmission

A
  • fomites

- bird droppings

42
Q

turkey adenovirus 2 signs

A
  • acute onset: bloody droppings
  • splenomegaly, intestinal hemorrhage (can -> death)
  • secondary bacterial infection bc suppress immune system
43
Q

turkey adenovirus 2 histology

A
  • reticule-endothelial hyperplasia

- intranuc inclusions in spleen

44
Q

equine adenovirus types

A
  • EAV-1

- EAV-2

45
Q

equine adenovirus signs

A
  • asymptomatic or mild mid to upper resp tract dx
  • secondary bacterial infection (can -> mucopurulent nasal discharge)
  • immunodeficient (SCID) arabian foals v susceptible; die < 3 months
46
Q

equine adenovirus tx

A
  • self liming, resolve spontaneously
47
Q

deer adenovirus

A

cervine adenovirus 1

48
Q

cervine adenovirus 1 in who

A
  • most common in mule deer, occasionally in moose

- mostly in Oregon

49
Q

cervine adenovirus clinical signs

A
  • rapid breathing, foaming, or drooling
  • d+, weakness, fluid in body cavities
  • DEATH 3-5 days after exposure
50
Q

cervine adenovirus lesions

A
  • pulmonary edema
  • hemorrhages
  • ulcerations in GI
51
Q

cervine adenovirus tx

A

fatal dx no treatment

52
Q

how ti kill adenovirus in enovnrment

A

bleach

53
Q

papiloma viruses of veterinary importance

A
  • canine oral papilomavirus
  • bovine papilomavirus
  • equine papilomatosis and sarcoids
54
Q

papilomavirus biological features

A
  • mechanism of tumor induction

- ability to cause persisting infecitons

55
Q

papilomavirus stability

A

virons = v stable, resist common disinfectants, low ph, and high temps

56
Q

papilomavirus expression/ in who

A
  • ubiquitous

- species specific

57
Q

papilomavirus infection general pathogenicity

A
  • most = asymptomatic
58
Q

polyomavirus biological features

A
  • mechanism of tumor induction

- ability to cause persisting infecitons

59
Q

polyomavirus stability

A

virons = v stable, resist common disinfectants, low ph, and high temps

60
Q

polyomavirus expression/ in who

A
  • ubiquitous

- species specific

61
Q

polyomavirus general pathogenicity

A
  • most = asymptomatic
62
Q

papilloma lesions

A
  • restricted to skin and mucosal surfaces
63
Q

polyoma lesions

A
  • wide tissue tropism (neurologic, renal, and skin dx)
64
Q

papiloma/ polyomavirus structures (2 diff viruses but same structural properties)

A
  • small
  • circular
  • ds dna
  • non-enveloped
65
Q

papilomavirus replication

A
  • depends on host cell machinery

- intimately linked to tissue differntaiton in skin

66
Q

viral gene expression at diff stages of differentiation papillomavirus

A
  • stratum basale: DNA-only state
  • stratum spinosum and granulosum: non dividing cells -> virus forces cells to keep dividing -> cellular hyperplasia
  • stratum corneum: no cell lysis, new virus released by sloughed off, exfoliated epithelia cells ( no immune response so no immune recognition that something is happening in these cells)
67
Q

what is required for papilloma/ polyomavirus replication

A

micro wound present for these to create infeciton

68
Q

papilloma classes

A
  • non viral

- papilomavirus- induced

69
Q

non-viral papiloma classes

A
  • benign neoplasms
  • older animals
  • no spontaneous resolving
70
Q

papilomavirus-induced

A
  • warts
  • young animals
  • resolve spontaneously
71
Q

papilloma virus effects who leads to what

A
  • oral papillomas- dogs, rabbits
  • skin papillomas- cattle, horses
  • genital papillomas- domestic livestock
72
Q

papiloma viruses infect what

A
  • mostly keratinocytes -> squamous papilloma (carcinoma)
73
Q

papiloma viruses in ruminants

A
  • can infect fibroblasts -> fibropapiloma
74
Q

diagnosis papilomaviruss

A
  • apperance

- intranuclear inclusion bodies

75
Q

canine papiloma viruses

A
  • cpv-1

- cpv-13

76
Q

canine papiloma viruses presentation

A
  • young
  • oral lesions (lip, bucal membrane)
  • +/- extensive
  • RARE non-regressing warts
  • RARE squamous cell carcinoma associated with CPV
77
Q

canine papiloma virus time fram

A
  • incubation 4-8 weeks

- immune mediated regression 4-8 weeks

78
Q

papiloma virus cows affects who

A
  • common in all ages

- highest incidence in calves

79
Q

papilloma virus cows transmission

A
  • fomites
  • sexual contact
  • reactivation bc injury or immunosupression
80
Q

papilloma virus cows timeline

A
  • incubation 6 weeks

- regression 1-6 moths

81
Q

papiloma virus cows neoplasia

A
  • can be associated with neoplasia depending on bracken fern exposure, rare
82
Q

papillomaviruses horse

A
  • most common EcPV-1 small elevated keratinized skin lesions
  • genital EcPV-2
  • aural plaques EcPV-3 and EcPV-4
83
Q

papillomavirus horse presentation in who

A
  • young horse lips nose and ears, eyelids, limbs
84
Q

papillomavirus horse timeline

A
  • last 1-9 months
85
Q

papilomavirus horse significance

A

can predispose to squamous cell carcinoma

86
Q

bovine deptapapillomaviruses -> what

A
  • BPV 1,2,13

- cause sarcoids in horses <4

87
Q

horse sarcoids suceptibility

A
  • determined by genetic and enivonrmntal factors
88
Q

horse sarcoids persistance

A
  • can persist for life and be locally invasive but DO NOT METASTISIZE
89
Q

horse sarcoids presenation

A
  • variable clinical appearance w/ diff types
  • verrucous (slow growing), fibroblastic (rapid growing), mixed, occult (flat)
  • histologically same
90
Q

tx horse sarcoids

A
  • control (dx, cryotherapy, hyperthermia, chemo, radiation, antivirals, immunomodulation
  • reoccurrence common
91
Q

polyomaviruses dx severity

A
  • mammals lifelong asymptomatic

- birds acute, systemic dx (French molt)

92
Q

papiloma/polyomavirus replication

A

intimately linked to cell differentiation stage

block 4 (23 decks)

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