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block 4 > Nervous system diseases I > Flashcards

Nervous system diseases I Flashcards

1
Q

cryptococcus spp. general features

A
  • yeast (always)
  • divides by budding
  • strict aerobe
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2
Q

cryptococcus id

A

narrow base buds

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3
Q

crytpococus effects

A

have resp and cns effects

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4
Q

cryptococcus neoformans found where last how long

A
  • find in bird droppings

- can grow in high number in bird feces and last long time

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5
Q

cryptococcus neoformans mult where

A
  • mult in bird droppings

- sometimes mult inside amoeba

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6
Q

cryptococcus gatii found where

A
  • in association with decaying wood hollows
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7
Q

cryptococus spp. transmission

A

inhalation

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8
Q

cryptococcus spp. dx cat

A
  • resp w/ ulcerative lesions oral and mucus membranes, nasal discharge
  • proliferative lesions
  • also rarely in dog
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9
Q

cryptococcus spp. pathogenesis

A
  • enter resp can stay in resp or
  • spread systemically in host
  • CNS
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10
Q

cryptococcus spp. dx dogs

A
  • neuro
  • blindness
  • also rarely in cat
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11
Q

cryptococcus spp. diagnosis

A
  • encapsulated yeasts with narrow based buds

- detect capsular polysaccharide antigen in serum and csf

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12
Q

cryptococcus spp. tx

A
  • antifungal
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13
Q

nervous system dx pathogens

A
  • streptococcus suis
  • listeria monocytogenes
  • encephalitozoon cunuculi
  • clostridium tetani
  • clostridium botulinum
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14
Q

streptococcus suis general characteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • coccus in chians
  • facultative anaerobe
  • encapsulated
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15
Q

streptococcus suis -> what in pigs

A
  • meningitis (neuro)
  • pneumonia
  • septicemia
  • arthritis
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16
Q

streptococcus suis transmission

A
  • inhalation
  • direct contanct
  • fomites (will survive several days in environment)
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17
Q

streptococcus suis what capsule with meningitis?

A
  • type 2
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18
Q

streptococcus suis affects who

A
  • post-weaning pigs

- associated with stress

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19
Q

neuro signs strep suis major

A
  • paddling, spasms

- die in 4 hours

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20
Q

streptococcus suis zoonotic?

A

yes can -> meningitis in ppl

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21
Q

streptococcus suis diagnosis

A
  • cerebrospinal fluid, meningeal swabs

- type-specific antiserum to id serotype

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22
Q

treatment of streptococcus suis

A
  • mass medication animals during outbreak resistant to penicillin
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23
Q

prevention streptococcus suis

A
  • reduce stress

- vac, bactein, doesn’t wok well

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24
Q

listeria monocytogenes general characteristics

A
  • gram positive
  • facultative anaerobe
  • bacillus
25
Q

listeria monocytogenes transmission

A
  • ingestion

- can be bc low quality silage

26
Q

listeria monocytogeneis affects who when

A
  • small ruminants > cattle

- sporadic more common in winter

27
Q

listeria monocytogenies dx

A
  • circling dx/ silage dx
  • neurological dx small ruminants > cattle
  • encephalitis
  • unilateral
28
Q

is listeria monocytogenies zoonotic

A

yes

29
Q

listeria monocytogeneis diagnosis

A
  • will grow in cold so use cold enrichment (refrigerate for 12 weeks and sample for growth weekly)
  • perivascular cuffing macrophages
30
Q

listeria monocytogeneis pathogenic mechanisms

A
  • ingested bacteria cross mucosal epithelium -> taken up by macrophages -> escape to cytoplasm bc membrane damaging toxin -> cell surface protein polymerize actin -> allow bacterial movement through cytoplasm and cell to cell spread
  • replicate in cell and -> damage -> inflammation induced -> tissue damage
31
Q

listeria monocytogeneis and host immune system

A
  • spread cell to cell without ever exiting*

- once in cell never extra cell again so antibodies and compliments won’t clear need cell mediated immunity

32
Q

listeria monocytogeneis tx

A
  • antibiotics

- slim poor quality silage

33
Q

encephalitozoon cuniculi general features

A
  • microsporidia
  • obligate intracell
  • unicellular
34
Q

encephalitozoon cuniculi transmission

A

ingestion or inhalation of spores

- opportunist

35
Q

encephalitozoon cuniculi dx ->?

A
  • rabbits: often asymptomatic, encephalitis with head tilt, nephritis
  • puppies: 4-10 weeks behavioral changes
36
Q

encephalitozoon cuniculi zoonotic?

A

yes

37
Q

encephalitozoon cuniculi tx

A

none

38
Q

clostridium tetani general features

A
  • gram pos
  • spore-forming bacillus
  • obligate anaerobe
  • terminal spores
39
Q

clostridium infectious component

A
  • toxins = big thing with clostridium (dx = caused by toxins)
40
Q

clostridium tetani spores

A
  • tenis racket morphology

- v resistant to environmental insults

41
Q

clostridium tetani transmission

A

enter through deep puncture wounds (won’t grow in surface ones bc anaerobe)

42
Q

clostridium tetani dx, affects who

A
  • neuro bc produce tetanus neurotoxin

- horse > pig> cattle, sheep, goats> dogs

43
Q

tetanus signs

A
  • tetanus -> spastic paralysis (first sign = prolapse 3rd eye lid; sawhorse posture, resp arrest, death)
44
Q

clostridium tetani pathogenesis

A
  • bacteria produce toxin -> toxin transported w/ in motor neurons to CNS -> block release inhibitory neurotransmitters from inhibitory neurons in spinal cord -> spastic paralysis
45
Q

clostridium tetani diagnosis

A
  • gram pos bacteria w/ term spores
46
Q

clostridium tetani tx

A
  • ab, muscle relaxants, antitoxin
47
Q

clostridium tetani prevention

A

vac- tetanus toxoid

48
Q

clostridium tetani zoonotic

A

no

49
Q

clostridium botulinum general characteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • spore-forming
  • anaerobic bacillus
50
Q

clostridium botulinum transmission

A
  • ingestion
51
Q

clostridium botulinum intoxication -> what in who

A
  • botulism = flaccid paralysis

- birds, cattle, sheep, goats, horses

52
Q

clostridium botulinum infection ->

A
  • shaker foal syndrome

- wound botulism

53
Q

shaker foal syndrome cause and pathogenic mechanism

A
  • caused by clostridium botulinum
  • animal eats c.botulinum type b spores -> bacteria grow and produce toxins -> toxin crosses intestinal wall -> neuro signs -> death
54
Q

pathogenic mechanism clostridium botulinum intoxication

A
  • ingestion botulinum toxin -> toxin crosses intestinal wall-> enters blood stream -> travels to presynaptic neuromuscular junction -> block acetylcholine release -> flaccid paralysis
55
Q

clostridium botulinum zoonotic

A

no BUT toxin and strains that produce it on health and human services select agents list

56
Q

diagnosis of clostridium botulinum

A
  • detection of toxin via mouse bio assay
  • detection of bacteria in gi samples/ feed
  • pcr
57
Q

tx clostridium botulinum

A
  • purgatives
  • antitoxins
  • shaker foal/ wound botulism debris, antitoxin, abs
58
Q

clostridium botulinum vac

A

toxoid vac for horses

block 4 (23 decks)

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