Nervous system diseases I Flashcards
cryptococcus spp. general features
- yeast (always)
- divides by budding
- strict aerobe
cryptococcus id
narrow base buds
crytpococus effects
have resp and cns effects
cryptococcus neoformans found where last how long
- find in bird droppings
- can grow in high number in bird feces and last long time
cryptococcus neoformans mult where
- mult in bird droppings
- sometimes mult inside amoeba
cryptococcus gatii found where
- in association with decaying wood hollows
cryptococus spp. transmission
inhalation
cryptococcus spp. dx cat
- resp w/ ulcerative lesions oral and mucus membranes, nasal discharge
- proliferative lesions
- also rarely in dog
cryptococcus spp. pathogenesis
- enter resp can stay in resp or
- spread systemically in host
- CNS
cryptococcus spp. dx dogs
- neuro
- blindness
- also rarely in cat
cryptococcus spp. diagnosis
- encapsulated yeasts with narrow based buds
- detect capsular polysaccharide antigen in serum and csf
cryptococcus spp. tx
- antifungal
nervous system dx pathogens
- streptococcus suis
- listeria monocytogenes
- encephalitozoon cunuculi
- clostridium tetani
- clostridium botulinum
streptococcus suis general characteristics
- gram pos
- coccus in chians
- facultative anaerobe
- encapsulated
streptococcus suis -> what in pigs
- meningitis (neuro)
- pneumonia
- septicemia
- arthritis
streptococcus suis transmission
- inhalation
- direct contanct
- fomites (will survive several days in environment)
streptococcus suis what capsule with meningitis?
- type 2
streptococcus suis affects who
- post-weaning pigs
- associated with stress
neuro signs strep suis major
- paddling, spasms
- die in 4 hours
streptococcus suis zoonotic?
yes can -> meningitis in ppl
streptococcus suis diagnosis
- cerebrospinal fluid, meningeal swabs
- type-specific antiserum to id serotype
treatment of streptococcus suis
- mass medication animals during outbreak resistant to penicillin
prevention streptococcus suis
- reduce stress
- vac, bactein, doesn’t wok well
listeria monocytogenes general characteristics
- gram positive
- facultative anaerobe
- bacillus
listeria monocytogenes transmission
- ingestion
- can be bc low quality silage
listeria monocytogeneis affects who when
- small ruminants > cattle
- sporadic more common in winter
listeria monocytogenies dx
- circling dx/ silage dx
- neurological dx small ruminants > cattle
- encephalitis
- unilateral
is listeria monocytogenies zoonotic
yes
listeria monocytogeneis diagnosis
- will grow in cold so use cold enrichment (refrigerate for 12 weeks and sample for growth weekly)
- perivascular cuffing macrophages
listeria monocytogeneis pathogenic mechanisms
- ingested bacteria cross mucosal epithelium -> taken up by macrophages -> escape to cytoplasm bc membrane damaging toxin -> cell surface protein polymerize actin -> allow bacterial movement through cytoplasm and cell to cell spread
- replicate in cell and -> damage -> inflammation induced -> tissue damage
listeria monocytogeneis and host immune system
- spread cell to cell without ever exiting*
- once in cell never extra cell again so antibodies and compliments won’t clear need cell mediated immunity
listeria monocytogeneis tx
- antibiotics
- slim poor quality silage
encephalitozoon cuniculi general features
- microsporidia
- obligate intracell
- unicellular
encephalitozoon cuniculi transmission
ingestion or inhalation of spores
- opportunist
encephalitozoon cuniculi dx ->?
- rabbits: often asymptomatic, encephalitis with head tilt, nephritis
- puppies: 4-10 weeks behavioral changes
encephalitozoon cuniculi zoonotic?
yes
encephalitozoon cuniculi tx
none
clostridium tetani general features
- gram pos
- spore-forming bacillus
- obligate anaerobe
- terminal spores
clostridium infectious component
- toxins = big thing with clostridium (dx = caused by toxins)
clostridium tetani spores
- tenis racket morphology
- v resistant to environmental insults
clostridium tetani transmission
enter through deep puncture wounds (won’t grow in surface ones bc anaerobe)
clostridium tetani dx, affects who
- neuro bc produce tetanus neurotoxin
- horse > pig> cattle, sheep, goats> dogs
tetanus signs
- tetanus -> spastic paralysis (first sign = prolapse 3rd eye lid; sawhorse posture, resp arrest, death)
clostridium tetani pathogenesis
- bacteria produce toxin -> toxin transported w/ in motor neurons to CNS -> block release inhibitory neurotransmitters from inhibitory neurons in spinal cord -> spastic paralysis
clostridium tetani diagnosis
- gram pos bacteria w/ term spores
clostridium tetani tx
- ab, muscle relaxants, antitoxin
clostridium tetani prevention
vac- tetanus toxoid
clostridium tetani zoonotic
no
clostridium botulinum general characteristics
- gram pos
- spore-forming
- anaerobic bacillus
clostridium botulinum transmission
- ingestion
clostridium botulinum intoxication -> what in who
- botulism = flaccid paralysis
- birds, cattle, sheep, goats, horses
clostridium botulinum infection ->
- shaker foal syndrome
- wound botulism
shaker foal syndrome cause and pathogenic mechanism
- caused by clostridium botulinum
- animal eats c.botulinum type b spores -> bacteria grow and produce toxins -> toxin crosses intestinal wall -> neuro signs -> death
pathogenic mechanism clostridium botulinum intoxication
- ingestion botulinum toxin -> toxin crosses intestinal wall-> enters blood stream -> travels to presynaptic neuromuscular junction -> block acetylcholine release -> flaccid paralysis
clostridium botulinum zoonotic
no BUT toxin and strains that produce it on health and human services select agents list
diagnosis of clostridium botulinum
- detection of toxin via mouse bio assay
- detection of bacteria in gi samples/ feed
- pcr
tx clostridium botulinum
- purgatives
- antitoxins
- shaker foal/ wound botulism debris, antitoxin, abs
clostridium botulinum vac
toxoid vac for horses
