Nervous system diseases I Flashcards
1
Q
cryptococcus spp. general features
A
- yeast (always)
- divides by budding
- strict aerobe
2
Q
cryptococcus id
A
narrow base buds
3
Q
crytpococus effects
A
have resp and cns effects
4
Q
cryptococcus neoformans found where last how long
A
- find in bird droppings
- can grow in high number in bird feces and last long time
5
Q
cryptococcus neoformans mult where
A
- mult in bird droppings
- sometimes mult inside amoeba
6
Q
cryptococcus gatii found where
A
- in association with decaying wood hollows
7
Q
cryptococus spp. transmission
A
inhalation
8
Q
cryptococcus spp. dx cat
A
- resp w/ ulcerative lesions oral and mucus membranes, nasal discharge
- proliferative lesions
- also rarely in dog
9
Q
cryptococcus spp. pathogenesis
A
- enter resp can stay in resp or
- spread systemically in host
- CNS
10
Q
cryptococcus spp. dx dogs
A
- neuro
- blindness
- also rarely in cat
11
Q
cryptococcus spp. diagnosis
A
- encapsulated yeasts with narrow based buds
- detect capsular polysaccharide antigen in serum and csf
12
Q
cryptococcus spp. tx
A
- antifungal
13
Q
nervous system dx pathogens
A
- streptococcus suis
- listeria monocytogenes
- encephalitozoon cunuculi
- clostridium tetani
- clostridium botulinum
14
Q
streptococcus suis general characteristics
A
- gram pos
- coccus in chians
- facultative anaerobe
- encapsulated
15
Q
streptococcus suis -> what in pigs
A
- meningitis (neuro)
- pneumonia
- septicemia
- arthritis
16
Q
streptococcus suis transmission
A
- inhalation
- direct contanct
- fomites (will survive several days in environment)
17
Q
streptococcus suis what capsule with meningitis?
A
- type 2
18
Q
streptococcus suis affects who
A
- post-weaning pigs
- associated with stress
19
Q
neuro signs strep suis major
A
- paddling, spasms
- die in 4 hours
20
Q
streptococcus suis zoonotic?
A
yes can -> meningitis in ppl
21
Q
streptococcus suis diagnosis
A
- cerebrospinal fluid, meningeal swabs
- type-specific antiserum to id serotype
22
Q
treatment of streptococcus suis
A
- mass medication animals during outbreak resistant to penicillin
23
Q
prevention streptococcus suis
A
- reduce stress
- vac, bactein, doesn’t wok well
24
Q
listeria monocytogenes general characteristics
A
- gram positive
- facultative anaerobe
- bacillus
25
listeria monocytogenes transmission
- ingestion
| - can be bc low quality silage
26
listeria monocytogeneis affects who when
- small ruminants > cattle
| - sporadic more common in winter
27
listeria monocytogenies dx
- circling dx/ silage dx
- neurological dx small ruminants > cattle
- encephalitis
- unilateral
28
is listeria monocytogenies zoonotic
yes
29
listeria monocytogeneis diagnosis
- will grow in cold so use cold enrichment (refrigerate for 12 weeks and sample for growth weekly)
- perivascular cuffing *macrophages*
30
listeria monocytogeneis pathogenic mechanisms
- ingested bacteria cross mucosal epithelium -> taken up by macrophages -> escape to cytoplasm bc membrane damaging toxin -> cell surface protein polymerize actin -> allow bacterial movement through cytoplasm and cell to cell spread
- replicate in cell and -> damage -> inflammation induced -> tissue damage
31
listeria monocytogeneis and host immune system
* spread cell to cell without ever exiting*
| - once in cell never extra cell again so antibodies and compliments won't clear need cell mediated immunity
32
listeria monocytogeneis tx
- antibiotics
| - slim poor quality silage
33
encephalitozoon cuniculi general features
- microsporidia
- obligate intracell
- unicellular
34
encephalitozoon cuniculi transmission
ingestion or inhalation of spores
| - opportunist
35
encephalitozoon cuniculi dx ->?
- rabbits: often asymptomatic, encephalitis with head tilt, nephritis
- puppies: 4-10 weeks behavioral changes
36
encephalitozoon cuniculi zoonotic?
yes
37
encephalitozoon cuniculi tx
none
38
clostridium tetani general features
- gram pos
- spore-forming bacillus
- obligate anaerobe
- terminal spores
39
clostridium infectious component
- toxins = big thing with clostridium (dx = caused by toxins)
40
clostridium tetani spores
- tenis racket morphology
| - v resistant to environmental insults
41
clostridium tetani transmission
enter through deep puncture wounds (won't grow in surface ones bc anaerobe)
42
clostridium tetani dx, affects who
- neuro bc produce tetanus neurotoxin
| - horse > pig> cattle, sheep, goats> dogs
43
tetanus signs
- tetanus -> spastic paralysis (first sign = prolapse 3rd eye lid; sawhorse posture, resp arrest, death)
44
clostridium tetani pathogenesis
- bacteria produce toxin -> toxin transported w/ in motor neurons to CNS -> block release inhibitory neurotransmitters from inhibitory neurons in spinal cord -> spastic paralysis
45
clostridium tetani diagnosis
- gram pos bacteria w/ term spores
46
clostridium tetani tx
- ab, muscle relaxants, antitoxin
47
clostridium tetani prevention
vac- tetanus toxoid
48
clostridium tetani zoonotic
no
49
clostridium botulinum general characteristics
- gram pos
- spore-forming
- anaerobic bacillus
50
clostridium botulinum transmission
- ingestion
51
clostridium botulinum intoxication -> what in who
- botulism = flaccid paralysis
| - birds, cattle, sheep, goats, horses
52
clostridium botulinum infection ->
- shaker foal syndrome
| - wound botulism
53
shaker foal syndrome cause and pathogenic mechanism
- caused by clostridium botulinum
- animal eats c.botulinum type b spores -> bacteria grow and produce toxins -> toxin crosses intestinal wall -> neuro signs -> death
54
pathogenic mechanism clostridium botulinum intoxication
- ingestion botulinum toxin -> toxin crosses intestinal wall-> enters blood stream -> travels to presynaptic neuromuscular junction -> block acetylcholine release -> flaccid paralysis
55
clostridium botulinum zoonotic
no BUT toxin and strains that produce it on health and human services select agents list
56
diagnosis of clostridium botulinum
- detection of toxin via mouse bio assay
- detection of bacteria in gi samples/ feed
- pcr
57
tx clostridium botulinum
- purgatives
- antitoxins
- shaker foal/ wound botulism debris, antitoxin, abs
58
clostridium botulinum vac
toxoid vac for horses
