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block 4 > Respiratory pathogens IV > Flashcards

Respiratory pathogens IV Flashcards

1
Q

klebsiella spp. general features

A
  • gram neg
  • facultative anaerobe
  • bacillus
  • survives well in environment
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2
Q

klebsiella commensal

A
  • natural inhabitant of intestines
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3
Q

klebsiella causes what

A
  • pneumonia in horses; often hemorrhagic

- opportunistic associated with mechanical ventilation

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4
Q

tx klebsiella

A

antimicrobial resistance

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5
Q

anaerobic bacterial generally associated with what conditions

A
  • pneumonia
  • pulmonary abcesses
  • pleuritis
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6
Q

anerobic bacteria commensal

A
  • usually in oropharynx

- these are opportunists

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7
Q

anerobic bacteria -> dx how

A
  • aspirated from oropharynx if prior damage -> dec o2 supply to part of lungs these set up shop
  • usually mix of anerobic bacteria, if facultative anaerobes mixed in even better bc use up o2 so better for anaerobes
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8
Q

anerobic bacteria infection clinical signs

A
  • resp signs
  • pleural pain
  • nasal discharge, pleural fluid, and breath can all have putrid smell
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9
Q

examples of gram negative anerobes

A
  • bactericides spp.
  • prevotella spp.
  • fusobacterium spp.
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10
Q

tx of anaerobes

A
  • drainage

- antibiotics

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11
Q

anaerobe sample collection

A
  • avoid exposure to o2

- do not cool sample

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12
Q

trueperella pyogenes general features

A
  • gram pos
  • bacillus or diphtheroid
  • facultative anaerobe
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13
Q

trueperella pyogenes commensal

A

natural inhabitant skin, resp tract, urogenital tract

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14
Q

trueparella pyogenes -> what resp signs

A
  • opportunist that -> suppurative pneumonia often w/ abscess followed by other bacterial pneumonia
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15
Q

when does trueparella pyogenes -> pneumonia

A

when the animal has pneumonia bc bovine resp dx complex in cow/ other dx in other animal and now this forms on top of this

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16
Q

tx trueperella pyogenes

A

laab affective but v hard to penetrate access

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17
Q

aspergillis fumigates features general

A
  • fungi
  • mold
  • septate hyphae
  • reproduce by forming phialoconidia (fruiting body)
  • strict aerobe
  • opportunist
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18
Q

trueparella pyogenes -> what resp signs in who

A
  • cattle, sheep, goats, pigs
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19
Q

aspergillus fumigateurs commensal

A

no but found everywhere in environment

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20
Q

aspergillus fumigateurs transmission

A

inhalation, ingestion

- opportunists in immunocompromised animals or animals with high exposure

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21
Q

aspergillus fumigatus infection of urt

A

urt infection b/c

  • exposed to high level
  • stress
  • immunocompromised
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22
Q

aspergillus fumigatus infections

A
  • keratomycosis : horses
  • brooder pneumonia: birds
  • nasal aspergillosis: dogs
  • guttural pouch mycosis: horse
  • pneumonia: animals w/ high exposure
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23
Q

aspergillus fumigatus keratomycosis

A
  • most commonly in horse can be any animal
  • typically after trauma to eye
  • see ulcerated cornea
24
Q

brooder pneumonia in birds in caused by what and in who

A
  • aspergillus fumigatus
  • mostly chickens and turkeys
  • resp signs
25
Q

brooder pneumonia aspergillus fumigatus signs

A
  • resp signs

- inapitance/ weight loss

26
Q

why brooder pneumonia w/ aspergillus fumigatus

A

highly contaminated litter and feed -> overexposure

27
Q

nasal aspergillosis in dogs caused by what

A

aspergillus fumigatus (fungus in nasal passages or paranasal sinuses)

28
Q

nasal aspergillosis caused by aspergillus fumigatus signs

A
  • resp signs
  • nasal pain
  • ulceration and depigmentation of external nares
  • can also cause ocular infections in dogs
29
Q

guttural pouch mycosis in horse cause

A
  • aspergillus fumigatus
30
Q

guttural pouch mycosis caused by aspergillus fumigatus signs

A
  • vague urt signs

- epistaxis (severe if eat through carotid)

31
Q

aspergillus fumigatus overexposure -> what in a varitiey of animals

A

pneumonia especially if high levels of stress as well

32
Q

diagnosis of aspergillis fumigatus

A
  • phialocondida in resp tract
  • culture on sabouraud dextrose agar
  • use periodic acid shift stain or silver stain bc fungus
33
Q

prevention aspergillus fumigatus infection

A

avoid mass exposure

34
Q

nocardia spp. general features

A
  • gram pos
  • variably acid fast
  • filamentous bacillus
  • obligate aerobe
  • opportunist
35
Q

nocardia spp appearance

A

look like fungi w/ branching filaments but these are bacteria

36
Q

nocardia found where

A

natural inhabitant many enviornments

37
Q

nocardia acquisition

A
  • inhalation
  • ingestion
  • trauma
  • opportunists in immunocompromised dogs
38
Q

nocardia spp. of dogs

A
  • Nocardia asteroidies

- nocardia nova

39
Q

nocardia spp.-> what

A
  • suppurative granulamatous dxs
  • resp: necrotizing pneumonia w/ pyothorax, pyograumuloa w/ draining tract on skin
  • mucopurulent nasal discharge, anorexia, resp signs
40
Q

diagnosis of nocardia spp.

A
  • will grow on fungal media but are bacteria so remember that they are smaller than fungi
  • examine exudates/ aspirates for gram pos beaded filaments
41
Q

tx/ prevention nocardia

A
  • trimethoprim/sulfonamide

- keep immune system up (bc dx of immunosuppression)

42
Q

mycobacterium spp. general

A
  • gram pos
  • acid fast
  • strict aerobe
  • bacillus
  • NOT opportunist = frank pathogens
43
Q

mycobacterium spp. -> what

A
  • tuberculosis - chronic granulomatous dx
44
Q

granulomas caused by mycobacterium called what

A

tubercles

45
Q

bacteria in tubercles called what

A

tubercle bacilli

46
Q

species of mycobacterium we’re concerned with

A
  • mycobacterium tuberculosis

- mycobacterium bovis

47
Q

mycobacterium found where

A
  • do not survive in environment for long time

- found in animals w/ tb doesn’t mean animal ill this can be walled off in tubercle

48
Q

mycobacterium transmission

A
  • inhalation

- ingestion contaminated food water soil

49
Q

tuberculosis signs

A

chronic dx signs

  • inflam ->
  • wasting
  • erratic appetite
  • low grade fever
50
Q

mycobacterium bovis -> what signs

A
  • resp signs (pulmonary dx) especially persistent cough
  • chronic dx signs
  • ln involvement
51
Q

mycobacterium bovis affects who

A
  • cattle sheep goats most common but all mammals possible
  • REPORTABLE
  • ZOONOTIC
52
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis -> what

A
  • pulmonary dx
53
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis infectious who

A
  • humans mainly
  • primates
  • dogs
  • REVERSE ZOONOSIS HUMANS PASS ON TO OTHER ANIMALS
54
Q

diagnosis mycobacterium

A
  • tracheobronchial and gastric lavage
  • slaughter house surveillance
  • tuberculin skin test
55
Q

mycobacterium spp. biopsy

A
  • nodules throughout lung
56
Q

prevention tuberculosis

A
  • m. bovis = id by skin test and cull

- eradication program in us

57
Q

mycobacterium bovis reserviour

A

wild cervids

block 4 (23 decks)

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