Respiratory pathogens IV Flashcards
klebsiella spp. general features
- gram neg
- facultative anaerobe
- bacillus
- survives well in environment
klebsiella commensal
- natural inhabitant of intestines
klebsiella causes what
- pneumonia in horses; often hemorrhagic
- opportunistic associated with mechanical ventilation
tx klebsiella
antimicrobial resistance
anaerobic bacterial generally associated with what conditions
- pneumonia
- pulmonary abcesses
- pleuritis
anerobic bacteria commensal
- usually in oropharynx
- these are opportunists
anerobic bacteria -> dx how
- aspirated from oropharynx if prior damage -> dec o2 supply to part of lungs these set up shop
- usually mix of anerobic bacteria, if facultative anaerobes mixed in even better bc use up o2 so better for anaerobes
anerobic bacteria infection clinical signs
- resp signs
- pleural pain
- nasal discharge, pleural fluid, and breath can all have putrid smell
examples of gram negative anerobes
- bactericides spp.
- prevotella spp.
- fusobacterium spp.
tx of anaerobes
- drainage
- antibiotics
anaerobe sample collection
- avoid exposure to o2
- do not cool sample
trueperella pyogenes general features
- gram pos
- bacillus or diphtheroid
- facultative anaerobe
trueperella pyogenes commensal
natural inhabitant skin, resp tract, urogenital tract
trueparella pyogenes -> what resp signs
- opportunist that -> suppurative pneumonia often w/ abscess followed by other bacterial pneumonia
when does trueparella pyogenes -> pneumonia
when the animal has pneumonia bc bovine resp dx complex in cow/ other dx in other animal and now this forms on top of this
tx trueperella pyogenes
laab affective but v hard to penetrate access
aspergillis fumigates features general
- fungi
- mold
- septate hyphae
- reproduce by forming phialoconidia (fruiting body)
- strict aerobe
- opportunist
trueparella pyogenes -> what resp signs in who
- cattle, sheep, goats, pigs
aspergillus fumigateurs commensal
no but found everywhere in environment
aspergillus fumigateurs transmission
inhalation, ingestion
- opportunists in immunocompromised animals or animals with high exposure
aspergillus fumigatus infection of urt
urt infection b/c
- exposed to high level
- stress
- immunocompromised
aspergillus fumigatus infections
- keratomycosis : horses
- brooder pneumonia: birds
- nasal aspergillosis: dogs
- guttural pouch mycosis: horse
- pneumonia: animals w/ high exposure
aspergillus fumigatus keratomycosis
- most commonly in horse can be any animal
- typically after trauma to eye
- see ulcerated cornea
brooder pneumonia in birds in caused by what and in who
- aspergillus fumigatus
- mostly chickens and turkeys
- resp signs
brooder pneumonia aspergillus fumigatus signs
- resp signs
- inapitance/ weight loss
why brooder pneumonia w/ aspergillus fumigatus
highly contaminated litter and feed -> overexposure
nasal aspergillosis in dogs caused by what
aspergillus fumigatus (fungus in nasal passages or paranasal sinuses)
nasal aspergillosis caused by aspergillus fumigatus signs
- resp signs
- nasal pain
- ulceration and depigmentation of external nares
- can also cause ocular infections in dogs
guttural pouch mycosis in horse cause
- aspergillus fumigatus
guttural pouch mycosis caused by aspergillus fumigatus signs
- vague urt signs
- epistaxis (severe if eat through carotid)
aspergillus fumigatus overexposure -> what in a varitiey of animals
pneumonia especially if high levels of stress as well
diagnosis of aspergillis fumigatus
- phialocondida in resp tract
- culture on sabouraud dextrose agar
- use periodic acid shift stain or silver stain bc fungus
prevention aspergillus fumigatus infection
avoid mass exposure
nocardia spp. general features
- gram pos
- variably acid fast
- filamentous bacillus
- obligate aerobe
- opportunist
nocardia spp appearance
look like fungi w/ branching filaments but these are bacteria
nocardia found where
natural inhabitant many enviornments
nocardia acquisition
- inhalation
- ingestion
- trauma
- opportunists in immunocompromised dogs
nocardia spp. of dogs
- Nocardia asteroidies
- nocardia nova
nocardia spp.-> what
- suppurative granulamatous dxs
- resp: necrotizing pneumonia w/ pyothorax, pyograumuloa w/ draining tract on skin
- mucopurulent nasal discharge, anorexia, resp signs
diagnosis of nocardia spp.
- will grow on fungal media but are bacteria so remember that they are smaller than fungi
- examine exudates/ aspirates for gram pos beaded filaments
tx/ prevention nocardia
- trimethoprim/sulfonamide
- keep immune system up (bc dx of immunosuppression)
mycobacterium spp. general
- gram pos
- acid fast
- strict aerobe
- bacillus
- NOT opportunist = frank pathogens
mycobacterium spp. -> what
- tuberculosis - chronic granulomatous dx
granulomas caused by mycobacterium called what
tubercles
bacteria in tubercles called what
tubercle bacilli
species of mycobacterium we’re concerned with
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- mycobacterium bovis
mycobacterium found where
- do not survive in environment for long time
- found in animals w/ tb doesn’t mean animal ill this can be walled off in tubercle
mycobacterium transmission
- inhalation
- ingestion contaminated food water soil
tuberculosis signs
chronic dx signs
- inflam ->
- wasting
- erratic appetite
- low grade fever
mycobacterium bovis -> what signs
- resp signs (pulmonary dx) especially persistent cough
- chronic dx signs
- ln involvement
mycobacterium bovis affects who
- cattle sheep goats most common but all mammals possible
- REPORTABLE
- ZOONOTIC
mycobacterium tuberculosis -> what
- pulmonary dx
mycobacterium tuberculosis infectious who
- humans mainly
- primates
- dogs
- REVERSE ZOONOSIS HUMANS PASS ON TO OTHER ANIMALS
diagnosis mycobacterium
- tracheobronchial and gastric lavage
- slaughter house surveillance
- tuberculin skin test
mycobacterium spp. biopsy
- nodules throughout lung
prevention tuberculosis
- m. bovis = id by skin test and cull
- eradication program in us
mycobacterium bovis reserviour
wild cervids
