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Respiratory pathogens IV Flashcards

1
Q

klebsiella spp. general features

A
  • gram neg
  • facultative anaerobe
  • bacillus
  • survives well in environment
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2
Q

klebsiella commensal

A
  • natural inhabitant of intestines
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3
Q

klebsiella causes what

A
  • pneumonia in horses; often hemorrhagic

- opportunistic associated with mechanical ventilation

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4
Q

tx klebsiella

A

antimicrobial resistance

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5
Q

anaerobic bacterial generally associated with what conditions

A
  • pneumonia
  • pulmonary abcesses
  • pleuritis
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6
Q

anerobic bacteria commensal

A
  • usually in oropharynx

- these are opportunists

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7
Q

anerobic bacteria -> dx how

A
  • aspirated from oropharynx if prior damage -> dec o2 supply to part of lungs these set up shop
  • usually mix of anerobic bacteria, if facultative anaerobes mixed in even better bc use up o2 so better for anaerobes
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8
Q

anerobic bacteria infection clinical signs

A
  • resp signs
  • pleural pain
  • nasal discharge, pleural fluid, and breath can all have putrid smell
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9
Q

examples of gram negative anerobes

A
  • bactericides spp.
  • prevotella spp.
  • fusobacterium spp.
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10
Q

tx of anaerobes

A
  • drainage

- antibiotics

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11
Q

anaerobe sample collection

A
  • avoid exposure to o2

- do not cool sample

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12
Q

trueperella pyogenes general features

A
  • gram pos
  • bacillus or diphtheroid
  • facultative anaerobe
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13
Q

trueperella pyogenes commensal

A

natural inhabitant skin, resp tract, urogenital tract

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14
Q

trueparella pyogenes -> what resp signs

A
  • opportunist that -> suppurative pneumonia often w/ abscess followed by other bacterial pneumonia
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15
Q

when does trueparella pyogenes -> pneumonia

A

when the animal has pneumonia bc bovine resp dx complex in cow/ other dx in other animal and now this forms on top of this

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16
Q

tx trueperella pyogenes

A

laab affective but v hard to penetrate access

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17
Q

aspergillis fumigates features general

A
  • fungi
  • mold
  • septate hyphae
  • reproduce by forming phialoconidia (fruiting body)
  • strict aerobe
  • opportunist
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18
Q

trueparella pyogenes -> what resp signs in who

A
  • cattle, sheep, goats, pigs
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19
Q

aspergillus fumigateurs commensal

A

no but found everywhere in environment

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20
Q

aspergillus fumigateurs transmission

A

inhalation, ingestion

- opportunists in immunocompromised animals or animals with high exposure

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21
Q

aspergillus fumigatus infection of urt

A

urt infection b/c

  • exposed to high level
  • stress
  • immunocompromised
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22
Q

aspergillus fumigatus infections

A
  • keratomycosis : horses
  • brooder pneumonia: birds
  • nasal aspergillosis: dogs
  • guttural pouch mycosis: horse
  • pneumonia: animals w/ high exposure
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23
Q

aspergillus fumigatus keratomycosis

A
  • most commonly in horse can be any animal
  • typically after trauma to eye
  • see ulcerated cornea
24
Q

brooder pneumonia in birds in caused by what and in who

A
  • aspergillus fumigatus
  • mostly chickens and turkeys
  • resp signs
25
brooder pneumonia aspergillus fumigatus signs
- resp signs | - inapitance/ weight loss
26
why brooder pneumonia w/ aspergillus fumigatus
highly contaminated litter and feed -> overexposure
27
nasal aspergillosis in dogs caused by what
aspergillus fumigatus (fungus in nasal passages or paranasal sinuses)
28
nasal aspergillosis caused by aspergillus fumigatus signs
- resp signs - nasal pain - ulceration and depigmentation of external nares - can also cause ocular infections in dogs
29
guttural pouch mycosis in horse cause
- aspergillus fumigatus
30
guttural pouch mycosis caused by aspergillus fumigatus signs
- vague urt signs | - epistaxis (severe if eat through carotid)
31
aspergillus fumigatus overexposure -> what in a varitiey of animals
pneumonia especially if high levels of stress as well
32
diagnosis of aspergillis fumigatus
- phialocondida in resp tract - culture on sabouraud dextrose agar - use periodic acid shift stain or silver stain bc fungus
33
prevention aspergillus fumigatus infection
avoid mass exposure
34
nocardia spp. general features
- gram pos - variably acid fast - filamentous bacillus - obligate aerobe - opportunist
35
nocardia spp appearance
look like fungi w/ branching filaments but these are bacteria
36
nocardia found where
natural inhabitant many enviornments
37
nocardia acquisition
- inhalation - ingestion - trauma - opportunists in immunocompromised dogs
38
nocardia spp. of dogs
- Nocardia asteroidies | - nocardia nova
39
nocardia spp.-> what
- suppurative granulamatous dxs - resp: necrotizing pneumonia w/ pyothorax, pyograumuloa w/ draining tract on skin - mucopurulent nasal discharge, anorexia, resp signs
40
diagnosis of nocardia spp.
- will grow on fungal media but are bacteria so remember that they are smaller than fungi - examine exudates/ aspirates for gram pos beaded filaments
41
tx/ prevention nocardia
- trimethoprim/sulfonamide | - keep immune system up (bc dx of immunosuppression)
42
mycobacterium spp. general
- gram pos - acid fast - strict aerobe - bacillus - NOT opportunist = frank pathogens
43
mycobacterium spp. -> what
- tuberculosis - chronic granulomatous dx
44
granulomas caused by mycobacterium called what
tubercles
45
bacteria in tubercles called what
tubercle bacilli
46
species of mycobacterium we're concerned with
- mycobacterium tuberculosis | - mycobacterium bovis
47
mycobacterium found where
- do not survive in environment for long time | - found in animals w/ tb doesn't mean animal ill this can be walled off in tubercle
48
mycobacterium transmission
- inhalation | - ingestion contaminated food water soil
49
tuberculosis signs
chronic dx signs - inflam -> - wasting - erratic appetite - low grade fever
50
mycobacterium bovis -> what signs
- resp signs (pulmonary dx) especially persistent cough - chronic dx signs - ln involvement
51
mycobacterium bovis affects who
- cattle sheep goats most common but all mammals possible - REPORTABLE - ZOONOTIC
52
mycobacterium tuberculosis -> what
- pulmonary dx
53
mycobacterium tuberculosis infectious who
- humans mainly - primates - dogs - REVERSE ZOONOSIS HUMANS PASS ON TO OTHER ANIMALS
54
diagnosis mycobacterium
- tracheobronchial and gastric lavage - slaughter house surveillance - tuberculin skin test
55
mycobacterium spp. biopsy
- nodules throughout lung
56
prevention tuberculosis
- m. bovis = id by skin test and cull | - eradication program in us
57
mycobacterium bovis reserviour
wild cervids

block 4 (23 decks)

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