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block 4 > Skin and Wound I > Flashcards

Skin and Wound I Flashcards

1
Q

treponema spp. general characteristics

A
  • spirochete
  • gram neg staining not true gram neg(w/ 2 membrenes outer no lps; have cell wall)
  • flagella in periplasmic space
  • anaerobes
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2
Q

treponema spp. found where

A
  • environement
  • mucosal surfaces and digestive tract
  • feet of infected animals
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3
Q

treponema spp. spread how

A
  • direct contact
  • indirect contact
  • effected when we underwood especially in fecally contaminated environment (bacteria from digestive tract into environment)
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4
Q

treponema spp. cause what

A
  • bovine digital dermatitis “hairy foot” “hell wart”
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5
Q

treponema spp. see what

A
  • ulcerative or proliferative lesions along coronary band typically affects hind feet
  • lameness
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6
Q

treponema spp. affects who

A

diary cows > beef

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7
Q

treponema geography

A

in Europe more ulcerative lesions

in us more granulomatous/ proliferative type lesions

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8
Q

skin lesions can be spread to feet when its wet underfoot why

A

When wet underfoot -> masceration of skin -> tight juncitons between cells dec so this can get in

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9
Q

fusobacterium necrophorum general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • bacilli or fillamenous
  • obligate anerobes
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10
Q

fusobacerium necrophorum natural inhabitation of

A

mucous membranes

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11
Q

fusobacteirum necrophorum spread how

A
  • persistent soaking on wet pastures (breaks in skin make animal susceptible to foot infections)
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12
Q

fusobacterium necrophorum causes what in who

A
  • affects cows -> interdigital dermatitis (foot rot) (not for this week but also causes calf diphtheria in GI tract)
  • horses -> thrush (same kind of dx as cows diff name)
  • foot dx small ruminants
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13
Q

fusobacteirum necrophorum see what in cows

A
  • fissures in interdigital space
  • foul smelling
  • lameness
  • starts btwn digits often stays there
  • usually just one foot on animal effected, often mult animals in same environment effected at once
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14
Q

testing trephanimes

A
  • pcr for trephanimes (usually dont test organism in foot dx)
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15
Q

testing for fusobacterium necrophorum

A
  • culture and grow acerbically (usually dont test organism in foot dx)
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16
Q

tx bovine foot dxs (treponema and fusobacteirum necrophoru)

A
  • trim hooves
  • antibiotics (topical, foot bath)
  • improve hygine
  • fence wet areas
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17
Q

causative agents foot dx in small ruminants

A
  • dichelobacter nodosus
  • fusobacteirum necorphorum
  • fusobacteirum necrophorum starts things off causing damage to interdigital epidermis persistent soaking on wet pasture then dichelobacter nodosus comes in -> damage
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18
Q

dichelobacter nodosus general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • obligate anaerobe
  • bacillus
  • swelling at end of bacilli can be helpful to ID
19
Q

dichelobacter nodosus causes what in who

A
  • footrot in small rumiants (interdigital swelling then invasion of epidermal structures)
20
Q

dichelobacter nodosus see what

A
  • lamness (loss of hoof sole)

- foul smelling lesions

21
Q

foot rot in small ruminants diagonsis

A
  • clinical presentation

- gram neg rods in exudates (dichelobacter nodosus)

22
Q

foot rot small ruminants tx

A
  • removal and exposure and diseased tissues (expose to o2)
  • topical disinfectants or antibiotics
  • ideally catch when early (just fusobacterium necrophorum) and segregate infected from non infected
  • vac w/ bacteria helpful not totally preventable though
23
Q

dermatophyte infections include

A
  • ringworm
  • tinea
  • dermatophytosis
24
Q

dermatophytes of interst

A
  • trichophyton spp.
  • microsporum spp.
  • both in asexual forms
25
Q

dermatophyte general characteristics

A
  • obligate anaerobes
  • macroconidia, microconidia formed off aerial hyphae in free living form (diff candid depending on where formed)
  • arthrocondida in parasitic form
  • ZOONOTIC
26
Q

dermatophyte found where

A
  • geophillic (soil)
  • zoophlic
  • antrhophillic (ppl)
  • dnt like temps > 35 degrees c so keeps lesions superficial
27
Q

dermatophyte spread how

A

direct and indirect contact

28
Q

dermatophytes cause what broadly and how

A

fungal skin dxs by making keritinases so can live in keratinized tissues

29
Q

ringworm see what

A
  • erythema or vesicles or pustules
  • usually circular lesions bc fungi move out radially from initial inoculation site; active fungal growth at edge of rings (this is also where host response to fungi is)
  • alopecia with scaling or crusting
  • self limiting
  • generally infection in younger animals
  • generally not pyritic (animal not itchy)
30
Q

dermatophytoses pathogenicity

A
  • conidia germinate in host after entering via breaks in stratum corneum mycelium grow along cornfield epithelium and w/ in hair
  • grow in to hyphae after time hyphae differentiate into arthrocondida (repro form) which can be spread
  • produce keritinase and other proteases allowing them to colonize keratinized tissues
  • inflam response to fungi radiating form site of inoculation -> ring shaped lesion
31
Q

dermatophytoses lesions

A
  • lesions often circular
32
Q

diagnosis of dermatophytoses

A
  • woods lamp for Microsprum canis (doesn’t tell you for sure that its ring worm)
  • examine hair/ scales in mineral oil
  • tx hair/ scales w/ Koh for hyphae and arthrocondida
  • fungal culture (dermatophyte test medium for up to 3 weeks, characteric macroconidia)
33
Q

dermatophyte test medium works how

A
  • 10 days see saprophytes (change color of media)

- dermatophytes grow slow so see slower change color or media

34
Q

differentiation dermatophytes

A
  • macrocondida from microsporum spp. and trichophyton spp. look v different so can tease off areas where there are hyphae and look at these in culture under microscope
  • rRNA sequencing
35
Q

tx dermatophytes

A
  • topical antifingals
  • systemic tx
  • these are self limited but v contagious which = why treat
  • vac for trichophyton verrucosum but not really used in us but yes used in Europe
36
Q

staphylococcus pseudintermedius general characteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • fac an
  • coccus
  • clusters
37
Q

staphylococcus pseudintermedis infections general

A
  • primarily superficial

- humans can be transiently colonized w/this one but this is primarily in animals

38
Q

staphylococcus pseudintermedius natural inhabitatng

A

mucusouls membranes of skin

39
Q

staphylococcus pseudintermedius infeciton predisposing factors

A
  • endogenous infection
  • skin dx
  • (normal flora overgrows -> staph infection)
40
Q

staphylococcus psuedointermedius causes what in who

A
  • pyoderma usually in dogs

- rarely also in cats

41
Q

staphylococcus pseudintermedius usually see what

A
  • papular lesions initially then pustules then folliculitis
  • often also allopecia
  • lesions usually start in moist areas (neck areas)
42
Q

staphylococcus pseudintemedius outcome determinents

A
  • host factors = key determinant

- confection w/ normal commensals of skin = possible

43
Q

staphylococcus pseudintermedius diagonsis

A
  • skin scarping
  • direct impression smear (gram pos cocci in large numbers = indicative of this )
  • culture if evidence mixed infection or if tx fails ot resolve signs in 6 weeks
44
Q

staphylococcus pseudintermdis tx

A
  • systemic ab therapy w/ topical ab shampoos
  • bc pt of normal commensal point is to prevent underlying dx or whatever is -> overgrowth not get rid of this completely

block 4 (23 decks)

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