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block 4 > Digestive tract infections II > Flashcards

Digestive tract infections II Flashcards

1
Q

salmonella enterica general features

A
  • gram neg
  • bacillus
  • fac anaerobe
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2
Q

salmonela enteric found whre

A
  • natural inhabitant of intestines

- weidley distributed in envonrment

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3
Q

salmonella enterica transmission

A

fecal oral

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4
Q

salmonella enterica serovars

A
  • 2500 serovars
  • some non host adaptive
  • some highly host adaptive but found in other hosts
  • some entirely host resticted
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5
Q

what dictates what is seen with salmonella enterica infection

A
  • age
  • host type
  • serovar infecting
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6
Q

weanling animals salmonella enteirca host restricted/ host adapted serovars

A
  • pneumonia
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7
Q

newborn animals salmonella enteirca host restricted/ host adapted serovars

A

septicemia, high fever, rapid death

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8
Q

older animals salmonella enteirca host restricted/ host adapted serovars

A
  • systemic type dxs, arthritis, abortion ect
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9
Q

young animals non host adaptied serotypes salmonella enterica

A
  • febrile d+
  • watery d+
  • usually mucus in it maybe blood
  • anorexia
  • +/- dehydration
  • non-host adapted serotypes salmonella enterica primarily effected young animals*
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10
Q

salmonella enterica effects who

A
  • primarily cows swine, also seen in other ruminants (sheep/ goats)
  • dx in horses usually associated w/ predisposing factors
  • chickens and turkeys outside us
  • ZOONOTIC
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11
Q

chickens and turkeys salmonella enterica

A
  • dx outside us from host restricted serovars THIS IS REPORTABLE
  • chickens and turkeys carry non host restricted serovars which dont cause illness in them but can cause infection in ppl that consume them
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12
Q

how do humans get salmonella enterica

A
  • foodbord transmisison

- most commonly poultry and eggs

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13
Q

pathogenesis salmonella enterica

A
  • bacteria ingested in material contaminated with feceus
  • salmonella enterica induces its own uptake into epithelial cells (ability to do this bc genes on pathogenicity island aka mobile genetic element)
  • facultative intracell pathogen of macrophages (survives via alteration phagocytic vacuole, ability to do this bc genes on pathogenicity island aka mobile genetic element)
  • bacterial factors induce infam response (some bacteria will be sacrificial bacteria)
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14
Q

inflam response caused by salmonella enterica and serovars responsible for it

A
  • inflam -> environmental changes in intestines -> abundance of molecules favorable to growth of Salmonella enterica over normal microbiota
  • inflam also -> d+
  • inflam caused by non host adapted salmonella enterica host restricted and host adapted salmonella enterica come in bit more stealthily and enter macrophage but dont -> inflam instead spread systemically -> septicemia in younger animals (more severe dx)
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15
Q

diagnosis salmonella enterica

A
  • stool culture (will shed several weeks after animal clears infection)
  • grow culture on enriched media or differential media
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16
Q

tx salmonella enterica

A
  • antimicrobials early on and for septicemia, once inflam strarts it will clear this as quickly as antimicrobials
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17
Q

salmonella enterica vac

A
  • for cows and pigs attenuated = best
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18
Q

how serovars written

A
  • written like species name but non italicized and capitalized with just Salmonella in front of them (no enterica)
  • we dont need to know serovar names
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19
Q

non host adaptive serovars tend to be seen where

A

only in certain animals

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20
Q

neorckettsia species family

A

anaplasmatacea

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21
Q

neorickettsia species of intrest

A
  • neorickettsia risticii

- neorickettsia helminthoeca

22
Q

neorickettsia spp. features

A
  • two membranes, no cell wall lack lipopolysacharides; have cholesterol from host
  • stain gram neg but not truly gram neg
  • obligate intra cell bacteria
  • obligate aerobes
  • multiply incide monocytes
23
Q

neorickettsia spp. carrier how

A
  • associated with trematodes
  • snails = 1st int host
  • different 2nd int hosts
24
Q

neorickettsia risticii -> what / what are clinical signs

A
  • Potomac horse fever in horse
  • febrile d+
  • leukopenia
25
Q

neorickettsia risticcii lifecycle

A
  • found in trematodes that start in snails -> insects -> horse ingests insects (caddisflies or mayflies)
  • seen in warmer months bc this is when these insects = around to transmit this
26
Q

Neorickettsia helminthoeca lifecycle

A

snails -> fish (generally fluke) -> dog (or raccoon but raccoons show o signs of dx if get infected)

27
Q

neorickettsia helminthoeca -> what in wno

A
  • salmon poising dx in dogs
  • febrile d+ (HIGH FEVER), enlarged lns, weight loss, persistent d+
  • raccoons no signs of dx
28
Q

salmon poising dx seen where

A

seen in pacific north west and ca of US and Brazil

29
Q

diagnosis Neoricketssia risticii

A
  • serologically (paired tiers bc looking for rising antibody titers)
  • PCR
30
Q

diagnosis neorickettsia helminthoeca

A
  • contains bacteria inside vacuoles (morale) inside macrophages in ln aspirates
  • look for stool sample for fluke eggs and if these dogs have febrile d+ more severe dx signs and on west coast = supportive evidence for Salmond poisoning dx
31
Q

neorickettsia helminthoeca treatment

A

tetracycline effective if given early

32
Q

neorickettsia spp. vac

A

yes for Neorickettsia ristcii doesn’t work well bc of antigenic variation

33
Q

campylobacter species general features

A
  • gram neg
  • curved bacillus
  • microaerophilic (prefer low concentrations of oxygen to grow, don’t grow in ambient air)
34
Q

campolyobacter spp. effects who

A
  • puppies
  • MOSTLY IMPORTANT AS ZOONOTIC PATHOGENS
  • many animals carry but dont get sick
35
Q

campylobacter spp inhabitant of where

A
  • gi tract
36
Q

campylobacter spp. transmission how

A

fecal/ oral (acquired by ingestion)

37
Q

campylobacter spp. -> what in who

A

puppies get gastroenteritis (mild d+ to watery d+ w/ mucus and bld)
- ZOONOTIC

38
Q

important species of campylobacter

A
  • campylobacter jejuni

- campylobacter coli

39
Q

campylobacter spp. diagnosis

A
  • fecal samples

- incubated under reduced O2 conditions at 42 degrees C (like higher temp)

40
Q

campylobacter spp. tx

A
  • usually self limiting dx

- maybe fluids if needed

41
Q

prevention campylobacter

A
  • zoonotic source usually chicken -> ppl

- want to prevent introduction campylobacter into flock bc once colonized chicken = colonized for life

42
Q

lawsonia intracellularis general chracteristics

A
  • obligate intracellular
  • gram neg
  • curved bacillus
  • microaerophilic
43
Q

lawsonia intracellularis source of infection

A
  • subclinically infected animals = source of infection
44
Q

lawsonia intrecellularis transmssion

A

fecal/ oral

45
Q

lawsonia intracellulars -> what in who

A
  • porcine proliferative enteritis in pigs
  • ileitis in pigs
  • equine proliferative enteropathy in horses
46
Q

lawsonia intracellularis chronic vs acute dx

A
  • chronic dx = more common = in young pigs and horses; see anorexia, loose stools, progressive weight loss
  • acute dx = in pigs 4months - 1yr of age; hemorrhagic anemia; rapid death; black tarry feces
47
Q

lawsonia intracellularis diagnisos

A
  • can’t grow on standard bacteriological media

- immunofluorescence tissue samples or pcr of stool

48
Q

lawsonia intracellularis tx

A
  • sensitive to most abs that can enter euk cells
49
Q

lawsonia intracellularis vac

A
  • live attenuated given in drinking water for pigs

- works off label for horses

50
Q

salmonella enterica important cause of what

A
  • febrile inflam d+ especially in ruminants and pigs; horses see dx after stress; severe dx with host-restricted serovars
  • important food borne dx
51
Q

lawsonia intracellularis proliferative enteropathy

A

see thickened intestinal mucosa -> malabsorpitve d+
- this is not intense inflam response -> thickening these are proliferative changes by intracell bacteria being inside crypt cells in cytosol and inducing proliferation -> thickening of intestinal mucosa -> malabsorpitve D+

block 4 (23 decks)

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