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block 4 > Flaviviruses, pestiviruses, alphaviurses > Flashcards

Flaviviruses, pestiviruses, alphaviurses Flashcards

1
Q

genus in flaviriridae family

A
  • flaviviruses

- pestiviruses

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2
Q

flaviviruses

A
  • west nile virus
  • St. Louis encephalitis virus
  • wesselbron dx
  • yellow fever dx
  • tick borne encephalitis
  • looping III
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3
Q

pestiviruses

A
  • bovine viral diarrhea
  • border dx
  • hog cholera (classical swine fever)
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4
Q

togaviruses

A
  • eastern, wester, venezulenan encephalitis viruses
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5
Q

flaviviridae features

A
  • enveloped virus
  • e protein
  • ssrna
  • positive sense
  • 1 long open reading frame
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6
Q

flaviviridae genome features

A
  • 5’ end of genome capped, 3’ end no poly a (5’ like mammalian genome, 3’ diff than mammalian protein)
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7
Q

flavivirdae host

A

broad host insect and vertebrate

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8
Q

st louis encephalitis virus type

A

flavivirus

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9
Q

st loud encephalitis

A
  • mosquito-bird-mosquioto cycle

- causes signficant human dx

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10
Q

wesselsbron virus type

A

flavivirus

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11
Q

wesselsbron virus affects who

A
  • sheep mainly

- cattle, horses, swim sub clinically

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12
Q

wesselbron virus sheep where and signs

A
  • in subsaharan africa
  • fever, jaundice, sq edema
  • abortion
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13
Q

zoonotic flaviviruses

A
  • St. Louis encephalitis
  • wesselbron dx
  • louping III
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14
Q

west nile virus transmission

A
  • mosquito transmitted virus ‘
  • maintained in birds
  • transmitted to horses and humans
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15
Q

west nile virus in us

A

endemic

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16
Q

horses and humans and west nile relatinoship

A
  • these are dead end hosts for virus virus does not aim to get into human or horse goes from insect to mammal
  • don’t really see horse to horse or human to human transmission
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17
Q

west nile virus horses presentation

A
  • most susceptible to infection and dx
  • most = subclinical infections
  • clinical- see cns signs
  • 1/3 clinical horses die
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18
Q

diagnosis of westnile in horses and contaminant level

A
  • fa of infected tissues or csf

- bl3 contaminant

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19
Q

why use igm vs igg for serology

A
  • advantage to igm is that you detect it sooner
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20
Q

westnile virus vac available

A
  • inactivate vac in horses = good efficacy (canarypox virus vectored subunit vac)
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21
Q

flavivirus transmitted by tick

A
  • powassan virus in North America

- louping III

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22
Q

flavivirus transmitted by tick infection and replication

A
  • infect small mammals
  • replicate in ticks
  • bld meal at every stage so every meal = chance to transmit
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23
Q

flavivirus transmitted by tick transmission

A
  • transtadially(through insect stages)

- transovarially (through eggs)

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24
Q

louping III virus type

A

flavivirus

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25
Q

louping III causes what

A

infectious encephalomyelitis of sheep

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26
Q

louping III affects who

A
  • sheep primarily

- horse, cattle, deer

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27
Q

louping III in sheep

A
  • infectious encephalomyelitis of sheep
  • sheep = viremia, biphasic febrile response
  • 2nd stage = enter cns -> neuro
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28
Q

louping III vac?

A

yes, inactivated

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29
Q

flaviviruses general patterns

A
  • broad hosts and cell tropism including insect and ertebrate
  • many are zoonotic and affect cns
  • many have vaccines that work against them
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30
Q

westnile mortiality

A
  • 5% humans

33% horses

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31
Q

bovine viral diarrhea virus type

A
  • pestivirus genus within flaviviridae family
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32
Q

bvd starins

A
  • 2 strains
  • type 1
  • type 2
  • antigenic cross protection btwn two virus types
33
Q

type 1 bvd

A

mild dx

34
Q

type 2 bvd

A

more seere dx

35
Q

bovine viral diarrhea affects who

A
  • post natal infection in non-preg cattle
  • pregnant cattle
  • sheep, deer, bison, wild ruiinnts
36
Q

bovine viral diarrhea post natal infection in non-pregnant cattle -> ?

A
  • GI tract dx
  • mucosal dx
  • fever
  • leukopenia
  • occular/ nasal discharge
  • erosive stomatitis
  • lwr milk production
  • immunosuppression -> secondary infections
37
Q

bovine viral diarrhea pregnant cattle -> ?

A 
if transplacental transmission
- fetal death
- low birth weight
- retinal dysplasia
- cerebellar dx
if persistently infected for life
- immune tolerant, shed virus
- +/- mucosal dx later in life
38
Q

if bovine viral diarrhea infects calves > 125 days of gestation

A

clear the virus

39
Q

cytopathic biotype bovine viral diarrhea

A
  • SEVERE
  • anorexia
  • profuse watery d+
  • nasal discharge
  • erosive/ ulcerative sotmatitis
  • death
40
Q

bovine viral diarrhea pathogenesis in normal cattle

A

mild wide growing virus can -> GI ulcers

41
Q

histology bovine viral diarrhea

A
  • destruction of gi tract at various levels
  • mucosal dx in persistently infected animals
  • cerebellar lesions!
42
Q

bovine diarrheal virus diagnosis

A
  • hx
  • path lesions
  • non-cytopathic so use antibody staining
43
Q

bovine viral diarrhea epidemiology (spread, level of consistent infection)

A
  • direct and indirect contact

- persistently infected have high levels of virus

44
Q

bovine diarrheal virus vac

A
  • yes

- modified live can -> inected cattle getting mucosal dx

45
Q

border dx of sheep what kind of virus

A
  • pestivirus genus within flaviviridae family
46
Q

border dx of sheep affects who

A 
adult sheep
- subclinical infectin
fetal infection 
- dead 
-deformed 
-mummified lambs
**congenital dx in lambs** 
-low birthweight
-poor viability
-hairy shakers
47
Q

pathogenesis border dx of sheep

A
  • defective myelination of nerve fibers in cns

- tolerant persistent infection = possible

48
Q

control border dx of sheep

A
  • be careful of what introduce where and when and what you test and if you have immune prepared popuation you are introducing new animals to
49
Q

diagnosis border dx of sheep

A
  • hx
  • path lesions
  • non-cytopathic so use antibody staining
50
Q

classic swine fever/ hog cholera virus type

A
  • pestivirus genus within flaviviridae family
51
Q

classic swine fever/ hog cholera virus type

A
  • gi
  • cns
  • fever
  • conjunctivitis
  • pneumonia
52
Q

classi swine fever/ hog cholera virus type signs

A
  • diffuse hyperemia
  • purport abdomen and ears
  • gi
  • cns
53
Q

classic swine fever/ hog cholera w/ in a herd

A
  • many pigs in herd ill
  • young may die or become lifelong shedders
  • older pigs secondary bacterial infections -> 100% mortality
54
Q

hog cholera pathogenesis

A
  • oronasal infection infect lymphoid organs and endothelial cells
  • can severely affect most major organs
  • V BAD DX
55
Q

hog cholera lesions

A
  • hemorrhages
  • leukopenia
  • thrombocytopenia
  • infarctions
  • DIC
  • encephalitis w/ perivascular cuffing
56
Q

hog cholera chronic cases

A
  • necrotic lesions large intestinal mucosa
  • bacterial infection of lungs
  • atophy of lymphoid tissues
57
Q

hog cholera persistently infected piglets

A
  • can be immune tolerant and lifelong shedders
58
Q

diagnosis of hog cholera

A
  • hx
  • path lesions
  • non-cytopathic so use antibody staining
59
Q

hog cholera transmission

A
  • contact btwn swine
  • indirect transport of virus
  • can survive in frozen pork
60
Q

control hog cholera

A
  • test and slaughter policy

- vac effective (attenuated)

61
Q

pestiviruses general

A
  • genus of flaviviridae fam
  • positive sense ssRNA
  • one open reading frame
62
Q

togaviradae family members and surface contains what

A
  • alpha viruses (30 members)

- spikes 2 glycoprotein (E1 and E2)

63
Q

togavirade family general features

A
  • envelope
  • ssRNA
  • positive polarity
  • 5’ methylated cap and poly-a
64
Q

togaviridae rna genome

A
  • subgeneric rna encoding structural proteins
65
Q

togaviridae affects who and affect on their cells

A
  • insect, avian, and mammalian cells
  • kills mammalina cells
  • less effect on insect cells
66
Q

alphavirus what kind of virus

A

-togaviridae

67
Q

alphavirus types of viruses

A
  • eastern equine encephalitis
  • western equine encephalitis
  • venezuelan equine encephalitis
68
Q

eastern and western equine encephalitis presntiaton

A
  • subclinical or

- fever, anorexia, depression, neuro signs

69
Q

venezuelan equine encephalitis presentaiton

A
  • systemic dx

- fewer neuro signs that EEE, WEE

70
Q

wee, eee, vee fatality level

A

HIGH fatality levels

71
Q

pathogenesis alphavirus

A
  • mosquito bite -> virus to local lymphoid tissue -> systemic spread -> replicate -> CNS -> neuronal necrosis
72
Q

immunity if survive alphavirus

A

long lived IF survive

73
Q

alphavirus vac

A
  • yes

- inactivated and attenuated

74
Q

eastern equine encephalitis seasonality / maintained how

A
  • seasonal w/ vectors

- maintained in birds

75
Q

venezuelan equine encephalitis cycle

A
  • mosquitos and small mammals
76
Q

eee found where

A

endemic north America, central and norther south america

77
Q

wee found whree

A

widely distributed in plains and west in birds and mosquitos

78
Q

vet found where

A

endemic in venezuela Colombia and peru

79
Q

alphavirus spread

A

epidemics can spread rapidly

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