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Week 7 - 12 > Surgical Site Infections > Flashcards

Surgical Site Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are SSIs?

A

Surgical Site Infections

Infections occurring in wound created by invasive surgical procedure

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2
Q

What are SSIs responsible for?

A

20% of Healthcare Adverse Incidents

5% of patients who have undergone surgery

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3
Q

Disadvantages of SSIs:

A

Can double length of hospital stay - unpleasant + expensive

High morbidity - unwell + even mortality

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4
Q

Types of SSIs:

A

Wound discharge

Dehiscence

Lymphadenitis

Formation of abscesses

Necrosis

Spread to deeper tissue

Sepsis

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5
Q

Possible consequences of SSIs:

A

Microbial penetration of deeper tissues

Invasion of bloodstream (bacteraemia, sepsis)

Spread of bacteria to other sites

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6
Q

What is involved in causing SSIs?

A

Contamination of incision by normal microbiota

Damage to tissues / blood vessels

Foreign bodies (e.g. sutures, implants)

Reduced efficacy of inflammatory response

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7
Q

What are the different classifications of surgical wounds?

A

Clean (class I)

Clean / contaminated (class II)

Contaminated (class III)

Dirty (class IV)

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8
Q

Clean wound:

A

Elective surgery

No acute inflammation

Do not involve respiratory, gastro-intestinal or genitourinary tracts

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9
Q

What’s the genitourinary system?

A

Organs of reproductive and urinary system

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10
Q

Clean / contaminated wounds:

A

Urgent / emergency case

Clean wounds with higher risk of infection

Uncomplicated respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract surgery

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11
Q

Contaminated wounds:

A

Outside object comes into contact with wound

Large amounts of spillage from GI tract into wound

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12
Q

Dirty wound:

A

Purulent inflammation

Foreign object lodged in wound

Traumatic or infected wounds

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13
Q

What is meant by antibiotic prophylaxis?

A

Antibiotics given as a preventative treatment

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14
Q

Microbial causes of SSIs from skin:

A

Staphylocossus aureus

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15
Q

Microbial causes of SSIs from bowel:

A

E.coli

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16
Q

When is antibiotic prophylaxis given before?

A

Clean surgery (prosthesis or implant only)

Clean-contaminated surgery

Contaminated surgery

17
Q

WhaWhat must surgical team do during intraoperative care?

A

Hand decontamination

Wear sterile gown and 2 pairs sterile gloves

18
Q

What must happen to patient during intraoperative care?

A

Prepare skin at surgical site immediately before incision

Maintain homeostasis

Cover incisions with appropriate dressing at end

19
Q

How do you disinfect hands of ward staff?

A

Non-antimicrobial soap + water

Alcohol based hand rub

20
Q

How do you disinfect hands of surgical team?

A

Scrub with aqueous antiseptic surgical solution before first operation

If not visibly soiled, subsequently use alcohol based hand rub or antiseptic surgical solution

21
Q

How do you disinfect patient’s skin?

A

Alcoholic chlorhexidine

Providone iodine

22
Q

What dressings are used to prevent infection?

A

Conventional dressings

Occlusive dressings

23
Q

What must be used in postoperative care?

A

Appropriate dressings

Aseptic or non-touch technique to change or remove dressings

Sterile saline for wound cleansing up to 48hs after surgery

24
Q

What shouldn’t be used in postoperative care?

A

Topical antimicrobial agents for wound healing by primary intention

25
Q

Ho can you reduce the risk of postoperative infection after surgery?

A

Good nursing - prevent pressure sores

Arrange active physiotherapy to minimise risk of URTIs and UTIs

26
Q

How can you prevent catheter-related infections?

A

Always wash hands before procedure

Wear gloves when handling catheter

Use antiseptic wipe

Cover insertion site with dressing

27
Q

What may an EARLY prosthetic joint infection look like?

A

< 1 month

Fulfilment with wound sepsis

28
Q

What may a DELAYED prosthetic joint infection look like?

A

< 1 year

Indolent, low grade infection

29
Q

What may a LATE ONSET prosthetic joint infection look like?

A

> 2 years

Septic arthritis

30
Q

What are risk factors of prosthetic joint infections?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

Diabetes mellitus

Malnutrition

Obesity

Week 7 - 12 (38 decks)

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