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Week 7 - 12 > Body Fluid Compartments > Flashcards

Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards

1
Q

What does blood contain?

A

Extracellular (plasma) and intracellular (in RBC) fluid

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2
Q

Why is blood considered as a separate fluid compartment?

A

Contained within its own chamber - circulatory system

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3
Q

How much extracellular fluid?

A

14 litres

Plasma = 3L

Interstitial fluid = 11L

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4
Q

Composition in plasma and interstitial fluid:

A

Almost same composition - apart from proteins

Most proteins too big to permeate so higher conc in plasma

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5
Q

How much intracellular fluid?

A

28 litres

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6
Q

How is intracellular fluid separated from extracellular fluid?

A

Membranes highly permeable to water but not permeable to most electrolytes

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7
Q

Potassium conc. in intracellular fluid?

A

140 mM

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8
Q

Potassium conc. in extracellular fluid?

A

5 mM

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9
Q

Sodium conc. in intracellular fluid?

A

15 mM

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10
Q

Sodium conc. in extracellular fluid?

A

140 mM

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11
Q

Chloride conc. in intracellular fluid?

A

5 mM

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12
Q

Chloride conc. in extracellular fluid?

A

110 mM

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13
Q

What ions are critical for action potential initiation?

A

Potassium and chloride

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14
Q

What structures define each cell and control substance movement?

A

Lipid bilayer membranes

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15
Q

What do cells determine?

A

Basic biological function

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16
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Give structure

Physical barrier - separates intracellular fluids from extracellular fluids

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17
Q

Why is the cell membrane dynamic?

A

To allow controlled movement of water and solutes across membrane

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18
Q

What may membrane proteins be?

A

Integral

Peripheral

Lipid anchored

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19
Q

What may transport through the membrane be?

A

Restricted

Free

Permitted under certain conditions

20
Q

Composition of protein in cell membrane:

A

55%

21
Q

Composition of phospholipid in cell membrane:

A

25%

22
Q

Composition of cholesterol in cell membrane:

A

13%

23
Q

Composition of other lipids4% in cell membrane:

A

4%

24
Q

Composition of carbohydrate in cell membrane:

A

3%

25
Q

What are the different membrane lipids?

A

Phospholipids

Spingolipids

Cholesterol

26
Q

What do phospholipids form?

A

Basic hydrophobic-hydrophilic bilayer

27
Q

What are spingolipids?

A

Contain amino alcohols + have hydrophilic-hydrophobic characters

28
Q

What is cholesterol?

A

Dissolved in membrane + contributes to fluidity

29
Q

What are membrane proteins like?

A

Mainly glycoproteins

Transporters - move substances against conc. gradient

Receptors for water soluble chemicals

Channels

30
Q

What are channel proteins?

A

Watery spaces through molecule - allow free movement of water + molecules + ions

31
Q

What are carrier proteins?

A

Bind to molecules/ions and move them through protein to cross bilateral

32
Q

Characteristics of channel and carrier proteins:

A

Selective

33
Q

What does passive membrane transport involve?

A

Down conc. gradient

No energy

34
Q

What does active membrane transport involve?

A

Against conc. gradient

Requires energy

35
Q

What’s primary active transport?

A

Uses energy source directly

36
Q

What is secondary active transport?

A

Indirect use of energy source

37
Q

What can rate of transport be influenced by?

A

Concentration

Electrical potential

Pressure

38
Q

How does concentration influence rate of transport?

A

Net diffusion rate into cell is proportional to concentration on outside minus concentration on inside

39
Q

How does electrode potential effect rate of transport?

A

Electrode potential drives movement of ions to opposite poles, even against concentration gradient

E.g. negative ions move to more positive side

40
Q

How does pressure difference effect rate of transport?

A

Pressure differences increase forces of molecular motion + diffusion

Increased energy causes net increase in movement from high pressure to low pressure

41
Q

What is the permeability co-efficient of a solute?

A

The rate of movement calculated in cm/sec

Affects rate of diffusion

42
Q

Where does water diffuse?

A

Diffuses from low solute conc. to high solute conc.

43
Q

What is osmotic pressure measured in?

A

mmHg

44
Q

What is the membrane like in osmosis?

A

Selectively permeable

45
Q

What’s tonicity?

A

Mechanical effects on cell caused by placing in solution of impermeant osmotically active particles

Week 7 - 12 (38 decks)

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