Surface marking of the heart

Question 1

steps on how to surface mark the heart:

Answer 1

1) find sternal angle and then 2nd rib
2) mark the upper limit
3) mark the lower limit
4) find the apex
5) join up the points

Question 2

How to mark the upper limits of the heart

Answer 2

Lower border of left 2nd costal cartilage, 3cms left of the midline.
&
Upper border of right 3rd costal cartilage, 3cms right of the midline

Question 3

How to mark the lower limit of the heart

Answer 3

Lower border of right 6th costal cartilage, 3 cm right of the midline
&
5th left intercostal space, 9 cm left of the midline

Question 4

location of the apex of the heart

Answer 4

the 5th left intercostal space, 9cms left of the midline