Hip Joint

Question 1

Classification of hip joint

Answer 1

Synovial ball and socket

Question 2

How many axes does the hip joint have?

Answer 2

3

Question 3

how many degrees of freedom does the hip joint have?

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Articular surfaces of the hip joint

Answer 4

The head of the femur and the acetabulum of the innominate hip bone

Question 5

what is the acetabulum?

Answer 5

Hemispherical hollow in the outer surface of the innominate bone

Question 6

name the parts of the acetabulum

Answer 6

Lunate surface
Acetabular notch
Acetabular labrum

Question 7

What is the lunate surface?

Answer 7

the articular surface of the acetabulum

Question 8

what is the shape of the lunate surface and why?

Answer 8

an incomplete ring which is broadest at its upper part where the pressure of the body weight falls in the erect attitude.

Question 9

What is the acetabular notch?

Answer 9

a notch in the rim of the acetabulum through which blood vessels and nerves pass

Question 10

What is the acetabular labrum and its function?

Answer 10

a fibrocartilaginous rim which increases the depth of the acetabulum

Question 11

Structure of the head of the femur

Answer 11

2/3rds of a sphere
covererd with articular cartilage apart from the fovea capitis

Question 12

Is the hip joint congruent or incongruent and why?

Answer 12

Incongruent- there is limited contact between the arched acetabulum and the rounded femoral head

Question 13

Describe the joint capsule of the hip

Answer 13

Strong dense sleeve
Thicker anteriorly & superiorly

Question 14

Describe the attachment of the joint capsule of the hip

Answer 14

Attaches to the margin of the acetabulum
Surrounds the neck of the femur, along the interochrochanteric line to a line on the under surface of the neck by the lesser trochanter

Question 15

What are the directions of the fibers in the joint capsule of the hip

Answer 15

Longitudinal, oblique, arcuate & zona orbicularis (circular round)

Question 16

Name the 5 capsular ligaments of the hip joint

Answer 16

Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, transverse ligament of the acetabulum & ligamentum teres

Question 17

Iliofemoral Ligament origin

Answer 17

Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) of the innominate (hip) bone

Question 18

Iliofemoral Ligament insertion

Answer 18

Intertrochanteric line of the femur

Question 19

Iliofemoral Ligament limitation to movement

Answer 19

limits hip extension, adduction and lateral rotation.

Question 20

Pubofemoral ligament origin

Answer 20

Iliopubic eminence and superior pubic ramus of the innominate bone

Question 21

Pubofemoral ligament insertion

Answer 21

Lower part of the intertrochanteric line of the femur

Question 22

Pubofemoral ligament limitation to movement

Answer 22

limits hip extension, abduction and lateral rotation.

Question 23

Ischiofemoral ligament origin

Answer 23

Body of the ischium behind and below the acetabulum of the innominate bone

Question 24

ischiofemoral ligament insertion

Answer 24

Superior part of the neck and root of the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 25

Ischiofemoral ligament limitation to movement

Answer 25

limits hip extension, abduction and medial rotation.

Question 26

Transverse Ligament of the Acetabulum origin

Answer 26

it goes across the deficient inferior acetabular rim of the innominate bone

Question 27

Ligamentum teres origin

Answer 27

Margins of the Acetabular notch of the innominate bone

Question 28

ligamnentum teres insertion

Answer 28

Fovea capitis on the head of the femur

Question 29

Ligamentum teres limitation to movement

Answer 29

taut in flexion and adduction

Question 30

What is the acetabular fat pad?

Answer 30

It is a fibroelastic fat pad and contains proprioceptive nerve endings.

Question 31

Where is the acetabular fat pad located?

Answer 31

Within the acetabular fossa

Question 32

Synovial membrane of the hip - what does it line & where does it extend to/from

Answer 32

It extends like a sleeve around the ligament of the head of femur, attaching to the margins of the fovea capitis. At the femoral attachment of the joint capsule, the synovial membrane is reflected up towards the head as far as the articular margin.

Question 33

What determines the stability of the hip joint

Answer 33

the shape of the bones, the strong re-enforced capsule, the acetabular labrum and the muscles crossing the joint

Question 34

What particularly ensure the stability of the hip?

Answer 34

The peri-articular muscles are essential, especially those which cross the joint transversely.

Question 35

In which 5 way can the hip joint move?

Answer 35

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction & rotation

Question 36

describe flexion of the hip joint

Answer 36

90 with SLR, active hip and knee flexion 120 passive hip and knee flexion 145.
All capsular ligaments are relaxed.

Question 37

describe extension of the hip joint

Answer 37

with knee in extension 15 -20
with knee in flexion 10
Passive extension 20 - 30.
All capsular ligaments are taut.

Question 38

describe abduction of the hip joint

Answer 38

abduction at one joint is automatically followed by a similar degree of abduction at the other joint, around 45.
Medial part of iliofemoral, Pubofemoral and Ischiofemoral ligaments taut.

Question 39

describe adduction of the hip joint

Answer 39

no pure adduction, but combined movement of adduction and extension, around 45.
Lateral part of Iliofemoral taut and Ischiofemoral stretched

Question 40

describe rotation of the hip joint

Answer 40

medial rotation 45
Iliofemoral and Pubofemoral slack, Ischiofemoral taut.
lateral rotation 45
Iliofemoral and Pubofemoral taut, Ischiofemoral slack.