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HC1216 - Anatomy, Biomechanics and Human Movement > Knee Joint > Flashcards

Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of the knee joint.

A

Synovial bicondylar hinge joint.

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2
Q

What are the main articular surfaces of the knee joint?

A

The femur tibia and patella articular surfaces.

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3
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the femur

A

the 2 condyles rest on the femur, united by the patellar surface. The condyles form 2 prominences, convex in both planes

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4
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the tibia?

A

cartilage covered surfaces on the superior surface of each tibial condyle - medial and lateral

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5
Q

Describe the shape of the medial articular surface of the tibia.

A

Oval and slightly concave.

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6
Q

Describe the shape of the lateral articulate surface of the Tibia.

A

It is smaller, rounded and concave transversely, but also concavo-convex from a front to back.

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7
Q

What is the articulating surface of the patella?

A

It is Oval and can be divided by a vertical Ridge into a larger lateral and a smaller medial area.

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8
Q

Describe the joint capsule of the knee joint.

A

Incomplete - more of a cylindrical sleeve passing from femur to tibia
It is deficient anteriorly where the patella fits
Composed of muscle tendons & their expansions

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9
Q

What are the three main structures present in the joint capsule of the knee?

A

Oblique popliteal ligament
arcuate popliteal ligament
ligamentum patellae

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10
Q

What is the Oblique Popliteal Ligament and what is its function?

A

expansion of the semimembranosus tendon, passing upwards and laterally to the intercondylar line of the femur

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11
Q

What is the arcuate popliteal ligament and what is its function?

A

passes in 2 bands from the head of the fibula, one part to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia, the other to the back of the lateral femoral condyle

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12
Q

What is the Ligamentum Patellae and where is it located?

A

the quadriceps tendon attaching into the tibial tuberosity.

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13
Q

Name the 4 ligaments of the knee joint

A

Anterior cruciate ligament - ACL
Posterior cruciate ligament - PCL
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament - MCL
Lateral (fibular collateral ligament - LCL

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14
Q

ACL origin

A

Anterolateral aspect of the tibia anterior to the tibial spines

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15
Q

ACL insertion

A

Posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle

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16
Q

How does the ACL limit movement?

A

Limit anterior translation of the tibia on the femur

17
Q

PCL Origin

A

A depression in the posterior intercondylar area of the tibial plateaux

18
Q

PCL insertion

A

Lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur

19
Q

How does the PCL limit movement

A

Limit posterior translation of the tibia on the femur

20
Q

MCL origin

A

Medial Condyle of the femur

21
Q

MCL insertion

A

Medial condyle of the tibia

22
Q

How does the MCL limit movement?

A

Limits valgus forces of the knee

23
Q

LCL origin

A

Lateral epicondyle of the femur

24
Q

LCL insertion

A

Lateral surface of the head of the Fibula

25
Q

How does the LCL limit movement?

A

Limits varus forces of the knee

26
Q

What are the functions of the menisci?

A

increase the congruency of the joint, participate in weight-bearing, act as shock absorbers, aid lubrication, and participate in the locking mechanism.

27
Q

Name the menisci of the knee joint

A

Medial & Lateral menisci

28
Q

medial meniscus structure and function

A

semi-circular in shape. The anterior horn is attached to the anterior intercondylar area, immediately in front of the ACL. The posterior horn attaches posterior intercondylar area.

29
Q

Lateral meniscus structure and function

A

the anterior horn attaches in front of the intercondylar eminence. The posterior horn attaches behind the intercondylar eminence.

30
Q

Movements of the knee joint

A

Flexion
Extension
Axial Rotation

31
Q

describe flexion and extension of the knee

A

movement of the femoral condyles is achieved by a combination of rolling and gliding actions range is typically 0 extension -140 flexion.

32
Q

Describe axial rotation of the knee

A

medial and lateral rotation of the leg when the knee is in 90 flexion and the foot is off the ground.

33
Q

What muscles are involved in knee flexion?

A

Hamstrings (Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris) and Gastrocnemius.

34
Q

What muscles are involved in knee extension?

A

Quadriceps Femoris (Vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius and rectus femoris).

35
Q

What muscles are involved in medial rotation of the knee?

A

Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Sartorius, Gracilis, Popliteus

36
Q

What muscles are involved in lateral rotation of the knee?

A

Biceps Femoris

HC1216 - Anatomy, Biomechanics and Human Movement (72 decks)

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