Structures Of Muscular System Flashcards
Muscle fibers
- long slender cells that make up muscle
- each muscle consisted of group of fiber , bound together by connective tissue
Fascia
- band of connective tissues that envelops , separates, binds together muscles or group of muscles
- it is flexible
Myofascial
- pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia
Tendons
- non elastic fibrous connective tissue
- attaches muscle to bone
- remember ligaments attach bone to bone
Patellar tendon
- attaches patella to bottom of patella( knee cap )
Achilles’ tendon
-attaches the gastrocnemius( the major muscle of calf of the leg )
To the heel bone
Aponeurosis
- Sheet like fibrous connective tissue
- resembles flattened tendon
- connects muscles together or to a bone
Eg abdominal aponeurosis
Types of muscle tissue
1. Skeletal muscle
RHABDOMY/O
- also known as ‘ voluntary muscles ‘
- attaches to bones (skeleton) and make movements possible
- also called ‘ striated muscles ‘ because of dark and light alternating bands
- Smooth muscle
LEIOMY/O
- known as ‘ involuntary muscles’
- known as ‘ visceral muscles ‘ found is digestive and urinary systems
- move internal organs
- Eg muscles of digestive tract
- also called ‘ unstriated muscle’
Because they look smooth
- Myocardial muscle
MYOCARDI/O
- cardiac muscles
- also called ‘ myocardium’
- forms muscles of the heart wall
- creates heartbeat
- striated in appearance but acts like smooth muscles
Muscle innervation
- stimulation of muscle by impulse transmitted by a motor nerve
- motor nerve enable stimulates brain to contract a muscle and the muscle relaxes when stimulation stops
- motor nerve damage by injury or disease causes paralysis
Neuromuscular
- pertaining to the relationship between NERVE and MUSCLE
Antagonistic muscle pair
Antagonistic = opposing
- all muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs
- when one contracts the other relaxes
Contraction
- tightening of muscle
- when it contracts the belly ( center) of the muscle enlarges
Relaxation
- when muscle returns to original form
- muscle is longer and thinner and belly is no longer enlarged
Abduction vs adduction
Abduction- abductor muscle moves away from midline
ADDUCTION- adductor muscles moves body part towards midline
Flexion be extension
Flexion
- decreasing angle between 2 bones by bending a limb at a joint
- flexor muscle bends knee or elbow
Extension
- increasing angle between 2 bones
- extensor muscle straightened knee or elbow
Elevation vs depression
Elevation
- act of raising or lifting a body part
- levator anguli oris muscle of face when elevated , lifts the corners of mouth into a smile
Depression
- lowering a body part
- depressor anguli oris lowers corner of mouth into a frown
Rotation vs circumduction
Rotation
- movement around an axis
- Eg shoulder joint
- rotator muscle - Eg humerus turns the shoulder joint
- rotator cuff - group of muscles and tendons that hold head of humerus in place as it rotates within shoulder joint
CIRCUMDUCTION
- circular movement of the far end of the limb
Supination vs pronation
Supination
- rotating arm or leg so that palm of hand or sole is turned forward or upward
Pronation
- palm of hand or sole is turned downward or backward
Dorsiflexion vs Plantar Flexion
Dorsiflexion
- movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
- to stretch the plantar
Superficial muscles
Located just under the skin
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
STERN/O = breastbone
CLEID/O = collar bone
- names based on its ORIGIN
- ORIGIN - where muscle begins at the midline of the body OR less movable per of the body
- ORIGIN IS THE LESS MOVABLE attachment
INSERTION
- where the muscle ends by attaching to bone or tendon
- more movable attachment
Farthest from the midline of the body
Sternocleidomastoid - ORIGIN at the sternum and the collar bone
INSERTS at the one point of insertion into the mastoid process ( this is part of temporal bone located behind the ear )
Flexor and extensor carpi muscles
- named for their action
Flexion( bending )
Extension( straightening )
CARPI = wrist
Pectoralis major
- muscle of the chest wall
Vastus lateralis
Lateral means ‘towards the side’
Vastus medialis
Towards midline of leg
Oblique
Slanted at an angle
oblique muscles
External
-Flex and rotate the vertebral column
- flex the torso and compress abdomen
Internal - flex spine, - support abdominal contents Help breathe - rotate spine -
Rectus
Straight alignment with vertical axis of body
Eg rectus abdominis and rectus femorus
- helps flex the trunk
- extends the leg at knee
- helps in breathing
- supports spine
Transverse
- crosswise direction
Sphincter
- ring like muscle
- tightly constricts opening of passageway
- Eg anal sphincter closes anus
Biceps brachii
Know n as biceps
- located in anterior upper arm
- flexes the elbow
Triceps brachii
- posterior upper arm
- extends the elbow
Gluteus Maximus
- butt muscle
Deltoid muscle
Shaped like inverted triangle
- forms the muscular cap of the shoulder
Hamstring muscles
- primary functions are
Knee Flexion and
Hip extension
Quadriceps femoris
- made up of four muscles
- Including vastus lateralis and vastus medialis
- flex and extend leg at knee
Gastrocnemius
- calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends foot downward
- ‘stomach of the leg’
