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Comprehensive Medical Terminology > Structures Of Muscular System > Flashcards

Structures Of Muscular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Muscle fibers

A
  • long slender cells that make up muscle

- each muscle consisted of group of fiber , bound together by connective tissue

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2
Q

Fascia

A
  • band of connective tissues that envelops , separates, binds together muscles or group of muscles
  • it is flexible
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3
Q

Myofascial

A
  • pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia
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4
Q

Tendons

A
  • non elastic fibrous connective tissue
  • attaches muscle to bone
  • remember ligaments attach bone to bone
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5
Q

Patellar tendon

- attaches patella to bottom of patella( knee cap )

A
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6
Q

Achilles’ tendon

A

-attaches the gastrocnemius( the major muscle of calf of the leg )
To the heel bone

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7
Q

Aponeurosis

A
  • Sheet like fibrous connective tissue
  • resembles flattened tendon
  • connects muscles together or to a bone
    Eg abdominal aponeurosis
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8
Q

Types of muscle tissue
1. Skeletal muscle
RHABDOMY/O

A
  • also known as ‘ voluntary muscles ‘
  • attaches to bones (skeleton) and make movements possible
  • also called ‘ striated muscles ‘ because of dark and light alternating bands
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9
Q
  1. Smooth muscle

LEIOMY/O

A
  • known as ‘ involuntary muscles’
  • known as ‘ visceral muscles ‘ found is digestive and urinary systems
  • move internal organs
  • Eg muscles of digestive tract
  • also called ‘ unstriated muscle’
    Because they look smooth
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10
Q
  1. Myocardial muscle

MYOCARDI/O

A
  • cardiac muscles
  • also called ‘ myocardium’
  • forms muscles of the heart wall
  • creates heartbeat
  • striated in appearance but acts like smooth muscles
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11
Q

Muscle innervation

A
  • stimulation of muscle by impulse transmitted by a motor nerve
  • motor nerve enable stimulates brain to contract a muscle and the muscle relaxes when stimulation stops
  • motor nerve damage by injury or disease causes paralysis
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12
Q

Neuromuscular

A
  • pertaining to the relationship between NERVE and MUSCLE
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13
Q

Antagonistic muscle pair

Antagonistic = opposing

A
  • all muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs

- when one contracts the other relaxes

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14
Q

Contraction

A
  • tightening of muscle

- when it contracts the belly ( center) of the muscle enlarges

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15
Q

Relaxation

A
  • when muscle returns to original form

- muscle is longer and thinner and belly is no longer enlarged

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16
Q

Abduction vs adduction

A

Abduction- abductor muscle moves away from midline

ADDUCTION- adductor muscles moves body part towards midline

17
Q

Flexion be extension

A

Flexion

  • decreasing angle between 2 bones by bending a limb at a joint
  • flexor muscle bends knee or elbow

Extension

  • increasing angle between 2 bones
  • extensor muscle straightened knee or elbow
18
Q

Elevation vs depression

A

Elevation

  • act of raising or lifting a body part
  • levator anguli oris muscle of face when elevated , lifts the corners of mouth into a smile

Depression

  • lowering a body part
  • depressor anguli oris lowers corner of mouth into a frown
19
Q

Rotation vs circumduction

A

Rotation

  • movement around an axis
  • Eg shoulder joint
  • rotator muscle - Eg humerus turns the shoulder joint
  • rotator cuff - group of muscles and tendons that hold head of humerus in place as it rotates within shoulder joint

CIRCUMDUCTION
- circular movement of the far end of the limb

20
Q

Supination vs pronation

A

Supination
- rotating arm or leg so that palm of hand or sole is turned forward or upward

Pronation
- palm of hand or sole is turned downward or backward

21
Q

Dorsiflexion vs Plantar Flexion

A

Dorsiflexion

  • movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
  • to stretch the plantar
22
Q

Superficial muscles

A

Located just under the skin

23
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle
STERN/O = breastbone
CLEID/O = collar bone

A
  • names based on its ORIGIN
  • ORIGIN - where muscle begins at the midline of the body OR less movable per of the body
  • ORIGIN IS THE LESS MOVABLE attachment

INSERTION
- where the muscle ends by attaching to bone or tendon
- more movable attachment
Farthest from the midline of the body

Sternocleidomastoid - ORIGIN at the sternum and the collar bone
INSERTS at the one point of insertion into the mastoid process ( this is part of temporal bone located behind the ear )

24
Q

Flexor and extensor carpi muscles

A
  • named for their action
    Flexion( bending )
    Extension( straightening )
    CARPI = wrist
25
Q

Pectoralis major

A
  • muscle of the chest wall
26
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Lateral means ‘towards the side’

27
Q

Vastus medialis

A

Towards midline of leg

28
Q

Oblique

A

Slanted at an angle

oblique muscles
External
-Flex and rotate the vertebral column
- flex the torso and compress abdomen

Internal 
- flex spine, 
- support abdominal contents
Help breathe
- rotate spine 
-
29
Q

Rectus

A

Straight alignment with vertical axis of body
Eg rectus abdominis and rectus femorus

  • helps flex the trunk
  • extends the leg at knee
  • helps in breathing
  • supports spine
30
Q

Transverse

A
  • crosswise direction
31
Q

Sphincter

A
  • ring like muscle
  • tightly constricts opening of passageway
  • Eg anal sphincter closes anus
32
Q

Biceps brachii
Know n as biceps
- located in anterior upper arm
- flexes the elbow

A

Triceps brachii

  • posterior upper arm
  • extends the elbow
33
Q

Gluteus Maximus

- butt muscle

A
34
Q

Deltoid muscle

A

Shaped like inverted triangle

- forms the muscular cap of the shoulder

35
Q

Hamstring muscles

A
  • primary functions are
    Knee Flexion and
    Hip extension
36
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A
  • made up of four muscles
  • Including vastus lateralis and vastus medialis
  • flex and extend leg at knee
37
Q

Gastrocnemius

A
  • calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends foot downward

- ‘stomach of the leg’

Comprehensive Medical Terminology (48 decks)

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