Mod7: Pathology Resp Sys Flashcards
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease
- COPD
- bronchial airflow is obstructed
Chronic Bronchitis
- airways become inflamed
- ## due to smoking
Emphysema
- decrease in total number of alveoli
- enlargement of remaining alveoli
- progressive destruction of the walls of remaining alveoli
- cause BARREL CHEST
Pharyngitis
- sore throat
- ## inflammation of pharynx
Laryngospasm
- sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx
Aphonia
- larynx cannot make proper speech sounds
Dysphonia - difficulty speaking - any impairment in vocal quality Dys- bad Phon- sound
Laryngitis
- inflammation of larynx
- causes voice loss
Tracheorrhagia
- bleeding from mucous membrane of trachea
Bronchiectasis
-permanent dilation of the bronchi
Ectasis- stretching or enlargement
Bronchorrhea
- excessive discharge of mucus from bronchi
- caused by chronic bronchitis or asthma
Pleurisy
- known as ‘pleuritis’
- inflammation of pleura
- membranes that cover lung and
Pleurodynia
- sharp pain with inhalation
Pleural effusion
- excess accumulation of fluid in pleural space
Effusion - escape of fluid from blood or lymphatic vessel into tissues or into body cavity
Pyothorax
- ‘empyema of the pleural cavity ‘
- pus in plural cavity
-
Empyema
- pus in body cavity
Hemothorax
- collection of blood in pleural cavity ( chest cavity )
Pneumothorax
- accumulation of air in pleural space ( space surrounding lungs )
- causes lung to collapse
Acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS
- inflammation in lungs
- fluid in alveoli
- low levels of oxygen
Atelectasis
- collapsed lung
Atel- incomplete
Ectasis- stretching or enlargement
Pulmonary edema
- sudden blockage of pulmonary artery
Pneumorrhagia
- bleeding from lungs
Tuberculosis
- caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pneumonia
- serious inflammation of lungs
- alveoli and air passage filled with pus
- Bronchopneumonia
- affects bronchioles
Leads to - Lobar pneumonia
- larger areas of lungs
Aspiration pneumonia - foreign substance inhaled into lungs Bacterial pneumonia - Community acquired pneumonia Hospital acquired pneumonia Walking pneumonia- not bedridden Pneumocystis pneumonia - caused by yeast like fungus Viral pneumonia-
Interstitial lung disease
- inflammation and scarring of alveoli and supporting structures
Pulmonary fibrosis
- scar tissue in lungs
Pneumoconiosis
- fibrosis caused by dust in lungs
Coni- dust
Asbestosis
Silicosis- inhaling silica dust
Cystic fibrosis
- genetic disorder
- lungs and pancreas clogged with mucus
Breathing disorder
1. Eupnea
Eu- good
Pnea- breathing
2. Apnea- temporary absence of Spontaneous is breathing
- Bradynea
- abnormal slow rate of respiration - Tachypnea
- rapid rate of respiration - Dyspnea
- shortness of breath - Hyperpnea
- exertion
- breathing deeper rapid than normal at rest
- high altitude, anemia or sepsis - Hupopnea
- shallow or slow respiration - Hyperventilation
- abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration
&. Cheyenne- Stokes respiration
- irregular pattern of breathing
- alternative rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea
- comatose or near death patients
Hemolysis
- expectoration of blood
Lack of oxygen
1. Airway obstruction
2. Anoxia
- absence of oxygen from body’s tissue and organs even though there is adequate flow of blood
3. Hypoxia
- deficient oxygen levels in body tissue and organs
4. Asphyxia
- loss of consciousness due to lack of oxygen
5. Cyanosis- bluish discoloration of skin /mucous membrane due to lack of oxygen
6. Hypercapnia
- abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in blood
7. Hypoxemia
- low oxygen levels in blood
8. Respiratory failure / respiratory acidosis
- oxygen becomes dangerously low
SIDS
