Mod7: Pathology Resp Sys

Question 1

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease

- COPD

Answer 1

• bronchial airflow is obstructed

Question 2

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 2

• airways become inflamed
• ## due to smoking

Question 3

Emphysema

Answer 3

• decrease in total number of alveoli
• enlargement of remaining alveoli
• progressive destruction of the walls of remaining alveoli
• cause BARREL CHEST

Question 4

Pharyngitis

Answer 4

• sore throat
• ## inflammation of pharynx

Question 5

Laryngospasm

Answer 5

• sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx

Question 6

Aphonia

- larynx cannot make proper speech sounds

Question 7

Dysphonia
- difficulty speaking 
- any impairment in vocal quality 
Dys- bad 
Phon- sound

Question 8

Laryngitis

• inflammation of larynx
• causes voice loss

Question 9

Tracheorrhagia

- bleeding from mucous membrane of trachea

Question 10

Bronchiectasis
-permanent dilation of the bronchi

Ectasis- stretching or enlargement

Question 11

Bronchorrhea

• excessive discharge of mucus from bronchi
• caused by chronic bronchitis or asthma

Question 12

Pleurisy

• known as ‘pleuritis’
• inflammation of pleura
• membranes that cover lung and

Question 13

Pleurodynia

- sharp pain with inhalation

Question 14

Pleural effusion
- excess accumulation of fluid in pleural space
Effusion - escape of fluid from blood or lymphatic vessel into tissues or into body cavity

Question 15

Pyothorax
- ‘empyema of the pleural cavity ‘
- pus in plural cavity
-

Question 16

Empyema

- pus in body cavity

Question 17

Hemothorax

- collection of blood in pleural cavity ( chest cavity )

Question 18

Pneumothorax

• accumulation of air in pleural space ( space surrounding lungs )
• causes lung to collapse

Question 19

Acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS

• inflammation in lungs
• fluid in alveoli
• low levels of oxygen

Question 20

Atelectasis
- collapsed lung

Atel- incomplete
Ectasis- stretching or enlargement

Question 21

Pulmonary edema

- sudden blockage of pulmonary artery

Question 22

Pneumorrhagia

- bleeding from lungs

Question 23

Tuberculosis

- caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 24

Pneumonia

• serious inflammation of lungs
• alveoli and air passage filled with pus

1. Bronchopneumonia
   - affects bronchioles
   Leads to
2. Lobar pneumonia
   - larger areas of lungs

Aspiration pneumonia 
- foreign substance inhaled into lungs 
Bacterial pneumonia 
- 
Community acquired pneumonia 
Hospital acquired pneumonia 
Walking pneumonia- not bedridden 
Pneumocystis pneumonia 
- caused by yeast like fungus 
Viral pneumonia-

Question 25

Interstitial lung disease
- inflammation and scarring of alveoli and supporting structures

Pulmonary fibrosis
- scar tissue in lungs

Question 26

Pneumoconiosis

• fibrosis caused by dust in lungs
  Coni- dust

Asbestosis

Silicosis- inhaling silica dust

Question 27

Cystic fibrosis

• genetic disorder
• lungs and pancreas clogged with mucus

Question 28

Breathing disorder
1. Eupnea

Eu- good
Pnea- breathing
2. Apnea- temporary absence of Spontaneous is breathing

3. Bradynea
   - abnormal slow rate of respiration
4. Tachypnea
   - rapid rate of respiration
5. Dyspnea
   - shortness of breath
6. Hyperpnea
   - exertion
   - breathing deeper rapid than normal at rest
   - high altitude, anemia or sepsis
7. Hupopnea
   - shallow or slow respiration
8. Hyperventilation
   - abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration
   &. Cheyenne- Stokes respiration
   - irregular pattern of breathing
   - alternative rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea
   - comatose or near death patients

Question 29

Hemolysis

- expectoration of blood

Question 30

Lack of oxygen
1. Airway obstruction
2. Anoxia
- absence of oxygen from body’s tissue and organs even though there is adequate flow of blood
3. Hypoxia
- deficient oxygen levels in body tissue and organs
4. Asphyxia
- loss of consciousness due to lack of oxygen
5. Cyanosis- bluish discoloration of skin /mucous membrane due to lack of oxygen
6. Hypercapnia
- abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in blood
7. Hypoxemia
- low oxygen levels in blood
8. Respiratory failure / respiratory acidosis
- oxygen becomes dangerously low
SIDS