MOD3 - The Skeleton

Question 1

Axial skeleton
- protects organs nervous , respiratory and circulatory
- 80 bones of head and body
Organized into 5 parts

Answer 1

1. Skull bones
2. Ossicles(bones) of middle ear
3. Hyoid bone between chin and thyroid
4. Rib cage
5. Vertebral column

Includes

• skull bones
• face bones
• sternum ( breast bone )
• vertebral column ( back bones )
• ribs

Question 2

CRANI/O

Skull or cranium

Answer 2

• has sutures ( immovable fibrous joints )

-

Question 3

Bones of skull

Answer 3

• 8 cranial bones
• 14 bones of face
• 6 bones in middle ear

Question 4

Spinal column also called
Vertebral column

• 26 bones called vertebrae

Answer 4

divided into 5 regions
- cervical vertebrae ( neck region )
C1-C7
- Thoracic vertebrae T1-T12 or D1-D12 ( are connected to the rib )
- Lumbar vertebra L1-L5 - Lower back
- sacrum vertebrae S1-S5 ( counted as 1bone )
- coccyx - tail bone - 4 fused bones

Question 5

Ribs 24

COST/O = rib

Answer 5

• ribs are called costals
• Attaches to vertebrae in the back
• attaches to sternum in the front

Question 6

XYPH/O = Xyphoid process

Answer 6

Is at the end of the sternum

Question 7

The APPENDICULAR SKELETON

• makes body movement possible
• protects organs of digestion , excretion and reproduction
• 216 bones

Appendage - anything that is attached to the major part of the body
Appendicular- - refers to an appendage

Answer 7

Upper extremity
- shoulders,arms,forearms,wrists and hands

Lower extremity
- hips,thighs,legs,ankles and feet

Question 8

Clavicle or collar bone
CLEIDO -O
CLAVICUL - O

Question 9

SHOULDER BLADE or SCAPULA

SCAPUL-O

Question 10

The Arms
Humerus or
HUMER-O.

Ulna = ULN-O
Radius = RADI -O

Answer 10

Humerus - Upper arm bone
Radius - smaller bone , runs up the thumb side
Ulna - larger bone , the proximal end of the ulna articulates with the distal end of the humerus to form the elbow joint

Olecranon process- known as ‘ funny bone’ is at the upper end of the ulna

Question 11

Carpals = CARP - O

• 8 bones that form the wrist
• these bones form a narrow bony passage known as the carpal tunnel

Answer 11

Carpal tunnel - the median nerve and the tendons of fingers pass through this tunnel to reach the hand

Question 12

Metacarpals =
METACARP-O

Prefix META means BEYOND

Answer 12

5 Bones of the palm

Question 13

Phalanges =
PHALANG/O

Phalanx

Answer 13

14 Bones of fingers

• 4 fingers have 3 bones ( phalanges)
• thumb has 2 phalanges

Question 14

Pelvis also know as ‘bony pelvis’
PELV- O
PELV- I

Answer 14

• supports internal organs
• protects lower extremity
• includes sacrum, coccyx, pelvic girdle ( the cup shaped bone consisting of ilium, ischium and pubis)

Question 15

Ilium= ILI-O

Ischium = ISCHI-O

Pubis = PUB- O

Answer 15

Ilium - broad blade shaped bone that forms back and side of pubic bone

Sacroiliac- slightly movable articulation between sacrum and posterior portion of ilium

Ischium - the bone we sit on

Pubis- anterior portion of pubic bone , located just under urinary bladder

Pubic symphysis- cartilaginous joint

Acetabulum- hip socket articulates with head of femur to form hip joint

Question 16

Femur = FEMOR/O

Answer 16

Thigh bone

Question 17

Tibia = TIBI-O
Is the shin bone

Fibula = FIBUL - O

Answer 17

Question 18

Ankle bones - 7 bones called tarsal 
tarsal = 
TARS=O
- largest is the heel bone 
Calcaneous = CALCANE-O

Answer 18

Bones that make up arch of foot
Metatarsal = METATARS/O

Malleolus - rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

Talus - is the ankle bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula

Patella - knee cap
PATELL/O

Question 19

The shoulders

- form Pectoral girdle which supports arms and hands

Answer 19

Clavicle - connects manubrium of the sternum to scapula

Scapula- called shoulder blade - posterior

Acromion- extension of scapula that forms high point of the shoulder

Question 20

INTER/VERTEBR/AL. Discs

AL = pertaining to 
INTER = between 
VERTEBR/O= VERTEBRA

Answer 20

• Intervertebral discs are in between the vertebrates
• little round shock absorbers
  Discs made up of cartilage

Question 21

Structure of vertebrae

Answer 21

Anterior portion- solid and provide strength

Posterior portion - called ‘ lamina’
Transverse and spinous process extends from here and serve as attachments for muscles and tendons

Vertebral foramen - opening in the middle through which the spinal cord passes

Question 22

Leg and knees

Answer 22

Femur- largest bone

        - known as thigh bones 
        - articulates with acetabulum( hip socket) 

Femoral neck - narrow area just below the head of the femur

Knees
Patella- kneecap

Popliteal- posterior space behind knee where the ligaments , vessels and muscles related to this joint are located

Crucifer ligaments - makes possible movement of knee