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Comprehensive Medical Terminology > Paghology Of Muscular System > Flashcards

Paghology Of Muscular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Fasciitis

A
  • inflammation of fascia
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2
Q

Fibromyalgia

FIBR = fibrous tissue 
My= muscle 
ALGIA= pain
A
  • debilitating chronic condition
  • fatigue
  • diffuse of specific muscle , joint or bone pain
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3
Q

Tenosynovitis
Teno= tendon
synov = synovial membrane

A
  • inflammation of sheath surrounding the tendon
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4
Q

Tendinitis

A

Inflammation of tendons

- caused by excessive or unusual use of joint

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5
Q

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

- known as myalgic encephalomyelitis

A
  • debilitating

Similar to fibromyalgia

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6
Q

Adhesion

A

Band of fibrous tissue that holds structures abnormally

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7
Q

Atrophy

A

Weakness or wearing away of body tissue

- caused by disease or disuse of muscle for a long time

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8
Q

Myocele

My= muscle 
Cele= hernia
A

Herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia

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9
Q

Myolosis
My= muscle
Lysis = destruction or breaking down in disease

A

Degeneration of muscle tissue

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10
Q

Myorrhexis

Rrhexis= rupture

A

Rupture of muscle

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11
Q

Polymyositis

A

Simultaneous inflammation of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

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12
Q

Rhabdomyolysis
RHABDOMY= striated muscle
Lysis= breakdown

A
  • can result from direct or indirect muscle injury
  • death of muscle fiber releases their content into bloodstream , where they can lead to complications such as renal failure
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13
Q

Sarcopenia
Sarc= flesh
Penia= deficiency

A
  • ## loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that cone with aging.
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14
Q

Muscle tone

  1. Atonic
    - lacking normal muscle tone or strength

Ton= tone

A
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15
Q

Dystonia
Dys= bad
Ton= tone

A
  • condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement
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16
Q

Hypotonia
Hypo = deficient
Ton= tone

A
  • condition in which there is diminished tone of skeletal muscles
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17
Q

Ataxia
A= without
Tax= coordinAtion
is= condition

A
  • lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

- frequently caused by abnormal activity in cerebellum

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18
Q

Contracture

A
  • permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments,or skin

When normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with no elastic fibrous tissue

  • caused by scarring , immobilized
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19
Q

Intermittent claudication

Claudication • limping

A
  • ## pain in leg muscle during exercise and is relieved by rest
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20
Q

Myoclonus

Clon=violent action

A
  • quick involuntary jerking of muscle
  • may occur when a person is falling asleep
  • neurological disorder
  • side effects of medication
21
Q

Singultus

A
  • also known as ‘hiccups’

- myoclonus if the diaphragm

22
Q

Torticollis

A
  • called ‘wryneck’
  • stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle
  • pulls head towards affected side
23
Q

Bradykinesia
Brady= slow
Ia= condition

A
  • extreme slowness in movement

- a symptom of Parkinson’s disease

24
Q

Dyskinesia

A
  • distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions
25
Q

Huperkinesia

A
  • abnormally increased muscle function
26
Q

Myasthenia gravis

My• muscle
Asthenia- weakness or lack of strength

A
  • chronic autoimmune disease
  • affects neuromuscular junction( where the neuron activated the muscle to contract)

Muscles usually affected
- eye movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, swallowing

27
Q

Muscular dystrophy

Progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

  • most common in children

Becker muscular dystrophy
- similar but less severe than above

28
Q

Repetitive stress disorder or repetitive motion disorder

A
  • muscular conditions due to repetitive motions performed at work
29
Q

Compartment syndrome

A
  • compression of nerves and blood vessels due to due to swelling within “ compartment “ an enclosed space created by fascia that separates groups of muscles
30
Q

Overuse tendinitis

A

Inflammation of tendons by overuse

Stress fracture - caused by overuse injuries

31
Q

Myofascial pain syndrome

A
  • chronic condition
  • affects fascia and muscles throughout body
  • caused by muscle contracted repetitively
  • characterized by trigger points causing local and referred pain

Trigger points
- tender areas where fascia comes into contact with muscle

Referred pain
- pain that originates in one area of body but is felt at another

32
Q

Impingement syndrome

A
  • occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between bones within the shoulder joint
33
Q

Rotator cuff tendinitis

A

Inflammation of the tendons of rotator cuff

34
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A
  • when tendons that pass through carpa tunnel are overused

Carpal tunnel release - name of surgery to enlarge carpel tunnel or cut the carpal ligament

35
Q

Ganglion cyst

A
  • harmless fluid filled swelling

- commonly known outer surface of wrist

36
Q

Epicondylitis

Epi =on
Condyl= condyle
Condyle = round prominence at end of bone

A

Lateral epicondylitis
- ‘tennis bone ‘
pain in outside of forearm

Medial epicondylitis

  • golfers elbow
  • pain in inside of forearm
37
Q

Heel spur

  • calcium deposit in the plantar fasciitis near its attachment to Calcaneous bone
A
38
Q

Sprain

A
  • Injury to joint

- ligament is wrenched or torn

39
Q

Strain

A
  • injury to body of muscle or to the attachment of a tendon
40
Q

Shin splint

A
    • caused by tibia low anterior muscle tearing away from tibia
  • can develop in anterolateral( front and side ) or posteromedial(back and middle ) muscles of lower leg
  • caused by running in hard surfaces
41
Q

Hamstring injury-

A
  • strain or tear in any of these threes hamstring muscles
42
Q

Illiotibial band syndrome

A
  • overuse injury
  • illiotibial band runs from
    Hipbone , diagonally across leg to the tibia
  • pain caused when this band rubs against bone at the knee
43
Q

Spinal cord

  • surrounded and protected by bony vertebrae
  • spinal cord is soft with consistency of toothpaste
A
  • types of paralysis caused by spinal cord injury is determined by level of vertebrae close to it
  • injury occurs when vertebrae goes out of alignment or breaks and pokes the spinal cord
  • ability of brain to communicate to the body is broken
44
Q

Paralysis

A
  • loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movement in a muscle
45
Q

Myoparesis

Paresis= partial or complete paralysis

A
  • weakness or slight muscular paralysis
46
Q

Hemiparesis

A
  • slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of body
47
Q

Hemiplegia

Plegia = paralysis

A
  • total paralysis
  • affects one side of the body
  • stroke or brain damage
48
Q

Paraplegia

A
  • paralysis of both legs and lower part of body
49
Q

Quadriplegia

A
  • paralysis of all 4 extremities

Comprehensive Medical Terminology (48 decks)

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