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Comprehensive Medical Terminology > Mod 3 - Pathology Of Skeletal System > Flashcards

Mod 3 - Pathology Of Skeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ankylosis
Ankyl = crooked , bent, stiff
-osis = abnormal condition or disease

A

Loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease

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2
Q

Adhesive capsulitis
known as ‘ frozen shoulder’
Capsul= little box
-itis = inflammation

A
  • painful ankylosis in the shoulder
  • caused by adhesions in synovial capsule surrounding the shoulder
  • makes joint thicker and tighter
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3
Q

Arthosclerosis

ARTHR/O = joint 
-sclerosis = abnormal hardening
A
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4
Q

Bakers cyst

also known as ‘ popliteal cyst’

A
  • usually results from conditions like rheumatoid arthritis

- triggering production of excess synovial fluid

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5
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of bursa

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6
Q

Chondromalacia

Chondr/o= cartilage

A

Abnormal softening of cartilage

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7
Q

Hallux valgas
known as ‘ bunion ‘

Hallux= Latin for big toe 
Valgus = bent
A

Enlargement of joint at the base of big toe

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8
Q

Hemarthrosis

Hem=blood
ARTHR= joint

A
  • Blood within a joint
  • due to joint injury
  • also caused by blood thinning agents or patients with hemophilia
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9
Q 
Polymyalgia rheumatica 
Poly=many
My=muscle
ALGIA=pain
Rheumatica= Latin word for rheumatism 
-
A
  • inflammatory disorder of muscle and joints
  • pain and stiffness in shoulder , neck, upper arms, hips and thighs

Rheumatism
- obsolete term for arthritis and other disorders causing pain in joints and supporting tissue

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10
Q

Sprain

A

Ligament that connects bone to joint is wrenched or torn

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11
Q

Synovitis

Synov= synovial membrane

A
  • Inflammation on synovial membrane

- can be caused by arthritis, trauma, infection, irritation produced by damaged cartilage

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12
Q

Dislocation

also known as ‘luxation’

A

Subluxation- partial displacement of bone from joint

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13
Q

Arthritis

ARTHR = joint

A
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14
Q

Osteoarthritis

oste=bones

A
  • known as wear-and-tear arthritis
  • associated with aging mostly

Degenerative joint disease
- wearing of the articular cartilage within joints

  • characterized by hypertrophy of bone
  • and formation of osteophytes ( bone spurs)
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15
Q

Spondylosis
known as ‘ spinal osteoarthritis’

Spondyl= vertebrae
Osis= abnormal condition or disease
A
  • degenerative disorder

- causes loss of normal spinal structure and function

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16
Q

Gout

known as ‘ gouty arthritis’

A
  • deposits of Uric acid crystals in the joints
  • usually begins with big toe
  • causes joints to be warm, red, and sensitive
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17
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis
Ankylosing= progressive stiffening of joints
Spondyl= vertebrae

A
  • form of rheumatid arthritis

- inflammation of joints between the vertebrae

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18
Q

Spondyloarthropathies

A

What Types of chronic inflammatory back disorders collectively called ?

19
Q

Spinal column

Herniated disc

A

Slipped or ruptured disk

  • breaking of an intervertebral disk
  • pressure on spinal nerve roots
20
Q

Lumbago

Lumb= lumbar
ago= diseased condition
A
  • low back pain

- pain in lumbar region of spine

21
Q

Spondylolisthesis

Spondyl= vertebrae 
listhesis = slipping
A
  • forwarding slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below
22
Q

Spina bifida

Bifida= split

A
  • ## spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord
23
Q

Curvatures of the spine

  1. Kyphosis
    Kyph= hump

Known as ‘ humpback’ or ‘ dowagers hump’

A
  • abnormal increase in outward curvature of thoracic spine
24
Q
  1. Lordosis

Lord= bent backward

A
  • known as ‘ swayback’

- abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine

25
Q
  1. Scoliosis

Scoli= curved

A
  • abnormal sideways ( lateral ) curvature of the spine
26
Q

Bones

 Avascular necrosis 
A= without 
Vascul = blood vessel
Ar = pertaining to 
Necrosis = tissue death
A
  • also known as ‘ osteonecrosis’
  • bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow
  • often happens in hip joint
  • needs hip replacement
27
Q

Craniostenosis

CRANI/O = skull
Stenosis = abnormal narrowing
A
  • malformations of skull due to premature closing of the cranial sutures
28
Q

Osteitis

A

Bone inflammation

29
Q

Osteomalacia

A
  • known as ‘adult rickets’
  • abnormal softening of bones in adults
  • caused by VIT D deficiency , calcium and / or phosphate deficiency
30
Q

Osteomyelitis

Oste = bones 
Myel = bone marrow
A
  • inflammation of bone marrow and adjacent bone

- bacterial infection from another part of body spreads through blood to the bone

31
Q

Pagets disease

A
  • chronic bone disease
  • abnormal breakdown of bone
  • pelvis, skull, spine and legs
  • new bone is structurally enlarged, misshapen and weak
32
Q

Periostitis

Peri- outside

A
  • inflammation of periosteum
33
Q

Rickets

A
  • defective bone growth caused by deficiency of vit D, calcium, phosphate
34
Q

Talipes

A
  • known as club foot

- congenital deformity of foot involving talus ( ankle bones )

35
Q

Bone tumors

Primary bone cancer

A
  • relatively rare malignant tumor originating in bone

Eg Ewings Sarcoma- tumor in bones of upper arm, legs, pelvis or rib

36
Q

Secondary bone cancer

A
  • tumors that have metastasized ( spread ) to the bones from organs such as breasts and lungs
37
Q

Myeloma

Myel- bone marrow
-oma= tumor

A
  • cancer in blood making cells in red bone marrow

-

38
Q

Osteochondroma

OSTE=bone
Chondr=cartilage

A
  • benign bony projection covered with cartilage

- also known as exostosis

39
Q

Osteoporosis
OSTE=bone
Por= small opening

A
  • loss of bone density
  • increase in bone porosity
  • aging
40
Q

Osteopenia
OSTE= bone
Penia= deficiency

A
  • lesser than average thickness of bone density
  • not osteoporosis yet but increased chance of it
  • calcium deficient
41
Q

Osteoporosis related fracture

A
  1. Compression fracture
    - known as vertebral crush fracture
    - bone is pressed together on itself
    - caused by spontaneous collapse of weakened vertebrae or injury
    - causes pain, loss in height , dowagers hump
  2. Colle’s fracture
    • known as fractured wrist
    • fracture at lower end of radius while falling
  3. Osteoporotic hip fracture
    - known as ‘ broken hip ‘
    -
42
Q

Fractures

A
  1. Green stick ( incomplete )
    - bone is bent
    - partially broken
    - primarily in children
  2. Closed
    - simple or complete fracture
    - bone broken
    - NO skin wound
  3. Open
    - compound fracture
    - bone broken
    - skin wound
  4. Comminuted fracture
    - bone is splintered or crushed
    - comminuted means crushed into small pieces

Oblique fracture
- happens at an angle to the bone

Transverse fracture
- straight across the bone

Pathologic fracture

  • weakened bones break u see normal strain
  • due to osteoporosis or cancer

Spiral fracture

  • bone has been twisted apart
  • sports injury

Stress fracture

  • overuse injury
  • small crack from chronic overuse
43
Q

Additional fracture terms

A
  1. Fat embolus
    - formed when long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow marrow escapes to blood stream
    - embolus - any foreign matter in blood that blocks the blood vessel
  2. Crepitation
    - known as crepitus
    - sound heard when ends of broken bone move together
    - unusual crackling sound within body
    - popping or clicking sounds with joint movement

Callus

  • bulging deposit around the area of the break
  • tissue eventually becomes bone
  • thickening if skin caused by repeated rubbing
44
Q

Costochondritis

A

Inflammation of cartilage that connects to rib

Comprehensive Medical Terminology (48 decks)

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