STDS Flashcards
STDS can be passed
genitalia, placenta, mouth, rectum, skin
genital herpes is caused by what virus
herpes simplex virus type 2
genital herpes general overview
- herpes simplex virus type 2
- neurotropic microbe (host cell of virus is neuron can become latent in neuron then reoccur) -Infect neurons
- systemic recurrent
- spread via contact with lesions or secretions (to pcik up has to make physical contact, based on contact with microbe, shedding lesions, shedding microbe from lesion)
- 2-10 day incubation
- manifestations 3-7 days post contact
- burning, painful vesicles at site (lesions in form of vesicles)
- recurrence is major problem (can be asymptomatic, pt harbours virus & may transfer unknowingly)
- antiviral control for treatment: ex. acyclovir (controls proliferation of virus) or relenza
- also symptomatic treatment
incubation period of genital herpes
2-10 days incubation
treatment of genital herpes
- antiviral control for treatment: ex. acyclovir (controls proliferation of virus) or relenza
- also symptomatic treatment
Genital warts overview
- HPV (human papilloma virus) (strains 6&11)
- benign, multiple growths (cells proliferating abnormally) (like head of cauliflower, lesion short stalk with irregular head) ]
- spread by skin to skin contact
- genital or anorectal
- 1.5-8 months incubation
- most asymptotic & transient (could remain asymptomatic)
what is the virus that causes genital warts?
-HPV(human papilloma virus) (Strains 6 & 11)
treatment of genital warts
- remove warts:
- topical drugs, surgery, cryrotherapy (topical antimitotic-inhibits mitosis divison, cytotoxic- toxic to cells kills cells) - monitor for CA (type 16&18) if pt has genital warts @ higher risk for cervical cancer
what is the microbe that causes syphilis?
Treponema pallidumn (BACTERIA) (is a spirochete, spiro is spiral chete is a microbe that is worm like)
syphilis general overview
- if don’t eradicate potentially life complicating
- treponema pallidum microbe that causes
- spread via shedding lesions
- also spread placental (greater than 16 wks, after 16 wks mother able to pass on)
- microbe division & distributes systematically
- complications: blindness, paralysis, heart disease
what are the complications that may happen with syphilis if untreated
-blindness, paralysis, heart disease
how many stages is there for syphilis
Primary stage(can eradicate primary stage with antibiotics):
- painless chancre:
- at contact sites(usually in genital region)
- heals in 3-12 wks - regional lymphadenopathy (move to inguinal lymph nodes, pathology in lymph nodes, presentation swollen lymph nodes)
Secondary stage ( can last up to 6 months):
- 6-8wk post infection
- maculopapular rash on palms & soles (spotty pimple like rash)
- patches on mucous membranes (whitish patch on mucus membrane)
- flat papules (pimples)
- generalized lymphadenopathy (affects other lymph nodes, bacteria spreading through lymphatic system)
- Fever, malaise
- Latent period (becomes sub clinical, not infective during latency)
- CAN STILL ERADICATE BACTERIUM @ STAGE 2
tertiary stage:
- 1-35 yrs after untreated primary infection
- irreversible damage to bone, joint, CVS, NS
what is the lesion called in syphilis that first appears?
chancre
Primary stage of syphilis
Primary stage(can eradicate primary stage with antibiotics):
- painless chancre:
- at contact sites(usually in genital region)
- heals in 3-12 wks - regional lymphadenopathy (move to inguinal lymph nodes, pathology in lymph nodes, presentation swollen lymph nodes)
Secondary stage of syphilis
Secondary stage ( can last up to 6 months):
- 6-8wk post infection
- maculopapular rash on palms & soles (spotty pimple like rash)
- patches on mucous membranes (whitish patch on mucus membrane)
- flat papules (pimples)
- generalized lymphadenopathy (affects other lymph nodes, bacteria spreading through lymphatic system)
- Fever, malaise
- Latent period (becomes sub clinical, not infective during latency)
- CAN STILL ERADICATE BACTERIUM @ STAGE 2
tertiary stage of syphilis
- 1-35 yrs after untreated primary infection
- irreversible damage to bone, joint, CVS, NS
Treatment of syphilis
-long acting penicillin (use long acting because of generation time of bacteria is much longer, Ecoli generation time is 20 minutes, Time taken by microbe that causes syphilis to doubles its number is about 30hr)
Chlamydial infection overview
- Chlamydia trachomatis (bacteria)(much smaller than bacteria in general, gram negative, difficult to isolate):
- extracellular bacteria (tends to mimic viruses, obligate intracellular bacterium requires host cell - has to present within another cell ) - most prevalent STI
- 7-21 days incubation
- asymptomatic in approx 50-75%
what is the microbe that causes chlamydial infection?
- Chlamydia trachomatis (bacteria) (much smaller than bacteria in general, gram negative, difficult to isolate):
- extracellular bacteria (tends to mimic viruses, obligate intracellular bacterium requires host cell - has to present within another cell )
what is the incubation period of chlamydia?
7-21 days incubation period
what is the most prevalent STI?
Chlamydia
Female manifestations of chlamydia
- mucopurulent vaginal discharge (bacterial infection, purulent discharge, purulent & mucus from cervix)
- dysuria (pain on urination) (inflm of urethra)
- bleeding (inflm damage to blood vessels, abnormal bleeding outside menses)
- pelvic pain (PID) -serious complication
Male manifestations of chlamydia
- urethritis & discharge (urethral discharge)
- Dysuria (form inflm) may have hematuria(blood in urine)
- prostatitis & epididymitis (inflm of prostate & epididymis(accessory structures to testes) (may have testicular pain)
Treatment of Chlamydial infection
-doxycycline or Azithromycin (antibiotics)
what is the microbe that causes gonorrhea?
-Nesseria gonorrhoeae (bacteria)
what is the incubation period of gonorrhea?
3-8 days
Female manifestations of gonorrhea?
- purulent (same thing as mucopurulent) vaginal discharge
- dysuria, genital irritation, late pelvic pain (PID)
Male manifestations of gonorrhea?
- urethral discharge
- can become chronic (accessory glands can be affected (prostatitis & epididymitis))
systemic manifestations of males and females with gonorrhea?
- bacteremia
- Pharyngeal infection conjunctivitis
- arthritis (infective arthritis) - dermatitis syndrome- affects joints & skin (syndrome = a collection of mnfts)
what is the treatment of gonorrhea?
1st line: cephalosporins (becoming resistant) 2nd line: increase dose of cephalosprins & another class of antibiotics
