Common Cold & Rhinosinusitis Flashcards

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1
Q

the common cold is a _________ infection of the _____

A

Viral infection of the upper respiratory tract

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2
Q

microbes that are commonly involved in the common cold

A
  • rhinovirus: most common in early fall & late spring
  • parciinfluenza virus: most common in kids less than 3yrs
  • respiratory syneytial virus: peak in winter & spring, common in less than 3
  • coronavirus: frequent in winter & spring
  • adenovirus: frequent in winter & spring
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3
Q

what are the modes of transmission of the common cold

A
  • touch
  • nasal & muosa & conjuctival surface
  • hand washing decreases the risk of transmission
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4
Q

Manifestations of the common cold

A
  • dryness & stuffiness in nasopharynx— excessive production in nasal secretions & tears
  • sore throat & hoarsness
  • headache & general malaise
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5
Q

over the counter medications for the common cold how are the effective or ineffective

A
  • antihistamines: dries nasal secretions, may also dry up bronchial secretions causing a worse cough & may also cause dizziness, drowsiness & impaired judgement
  • Decongestants: constricts the blood vessels in the nasal mucosa therefore decreases nasal swelling; these drugs can cause rebound nasal swelling, can also cause systemic vasoconstrciton & an Increase in BP (need to be avoided in pts with high BP, heart disease & DM)
  • Vitamin C, Zinz & Echinacea: some studies have shown all these to be benefical others have not
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6
Q

what is Rhinosinusitus

A

-inflammation of the nasal passages & paranasal sinuses

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7
Q

what are the sinuses commonly invovled?

A

frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, sphenoidal

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8
Q

what is the patho of rhinosinusitus

A

narrow openings that communicate with nasal passage comer from each sinus (called Ostia) are obstructed by either a viral upper respiartory infection or an allergic rhinitis. This obstruction causes a problem with mucociliary clearance mechanism (contains mucous surface that lines the sinuses & the ostia in order to clear any foreign body)

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9
Q

diagnosing rhinosinusitus

A
  • history & physical exam (of nose & throat)
  • sinusitus headache (worse when bending forward, coughing, sneezing
  • if actue: turbinate edema, nasal crusts, purulence of nasal cavity & failure of transillumination of maxillary sinuses
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10
Q

treating rhinosinusitus

A
  • appropriate use of antibiotics (only to be used after 7 days of symptoms with signs of clearing)
  • ,may use topical corticosteriods & mucolytic agents
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11
Q

what are two types of serious complications that may arise with rhinosinusitus

A
  • intraorbital complications

- intracranial complications

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12
Q

Intraorbital complications from rhinosinusitus

A

-edema of eyelids to orbital celluitius & superiosteal abscess

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13
Q

Intracranial complications from rhinosinusitus

A
  • occur more freqently with infections to frontal & ethomoid sinuses because of proximity to dura & venous drainage
  • may see facial swelling over sinus that is affected
  • abnormal extraocular movements, protrusion of eyeball, periorbital edema
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