Menstrual Disorders Flashcards
what is amenorrhea?
absence of menstruation
what are the two types of ammenorrhea?
primary amenorrhea
secondary amenorrhea
what is primary amenorrhea?
-failure to menstruate by 15 yrs of age or 13 yrs of age, also comes with absence of secondary sex characteristics
what is secondary amenorrhea?
-cessation of menses for at least 6 months in a woman who has an established normal menstrual cycle
what is the etiology of primary amenorrhea?
gonadal dysgenesis, congenital mulerian agenesis, testicular feminization, or a hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian disorder
what is the etiology of secondary amenorrhea?
ovarian, pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction, intrauterine adhesion, infections, pituitary tumor, anorexia or strenuous physical exercise altering the critical fat-muscle ratio
how do you diagnose both amenorrheas?
CT, MRI to rule out pituitary disorders
how do you treat both amenorrheas?
treat underlying cause, induction of menstruation & progesterone or estrogen-progesterone therapy
what is Dysmenorrhea?
pain or discomfort with menstration
what are the two types of dysmenorrhea?
- primary dysmenorrhea
- secondary dysmenorrhea
primary dysmenorrhea
menstral pain that is not associated with abnormally of pathological process, usually occurring with ovulatory menstration at 6 months-2yrs post menarche. Symptoms evident 1-2 days pre-menses, peak on day 1 of cycle subside within hours or days
what is the patho behind dysmenorrhea?
prostaglandins are a potent myomtetrial stimulant & vasoconstrictor in the secretory endometrium. Dysmenorrhea is caused by excessive prostaglandin production, which cause painful uterine contractions & arterial vasospasm
secondary dysmenorrhea?
caused by specific organic conditions like endometerosis, uterine fibriods, adenomyosis, pelvic adhesions, IUDS or PID
manifestations of primary dysmenorrhea?
headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, irritability & syncope. Pain is dull, colicky & cramping, radiating to back labia & upper thighs
what is the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea?
analgesics, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, ovulation supression
how do you diagnose secondary dysmenorrhea?
laparoscopy: surgical procedure in which fibre-optic instrument is inserted through wall of abdominal to view abdominal organs or do surgical procedure
what is the treatment of secondary dysmenorrhea?
analgesics, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, ovulation suppression, TREAT UNDERLYING CAUSE-because caused from some kind of PATHO
what is menorrhagia?
excessive bleeding during menses
what is metorrhagia?
excessive bleeding outside of menstrual cycle
what is the etiology of menorrhagia?
In early life it is cause by endocrine disturbance, whereas in later life it is caused by inflammatory disturbances, uterine tumors & hormonal imbalances
what is the etiology of metorrhagia?
potentially a sign of cancer, begnin uterine tumors or other gynecological problems
