Menstrual Disorders

Question 1

what is amenorrhea?

Answer 1

absence of menstruation

Question 2

what are the two types of ammenorrhea?

Answer 2

primary amenorrhea

secondary amenorrhea

Question 3

what is primary amenorrhea?

Answer 3

-failure to menstruate by 15 yrs of age or 13 yrs of age, also comes with absence of secondary sex characteristics

Question 4

what is secondary amenorrhea?

Answer 4

-cessation of menses for at least 6 months in a woman who has an established normal menstrual cycle

Question 5

what is the etiology of primary amenorrhea?

Answer 5

gonadal dysgenesis, congenital mulerian agenesis, testicular feminization, or a hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian disorder

Question 6

what is the etiology of secondary amenorrhea?

Answer 6

ovarian, pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction, intrauterine adhesion, infections, pituitary tumor, anorexia or strenuous physical exercise altering the critical fat-muscle ratio

Question 7

how do you diagnose both amenorrheas?

Answer 7

CT, MRI to rule out pituitary disorders

Question 8

how do you treat both amenorrheas?

Answer 8

treat underlying cause, induction of menstruation & progesterone or estrogen-progesterone therapy

Question 9

what is Dysmenorrhea?

Answer 9

pain or discomfort with menstration

Question 10

what are the two types of dysmenorrhea?

Answer 10

• primary dysmenorrhea

- secondary dysmenorrhea

Question 11

primary dysmenorrhea

Answer 11

menstral pain that is not associated with abnormally of pathological process, usually occurring with ovulatory menstration at 6 months-2yrs post menarche. Symptoms evident 1-2 days pre-menses, peak on day 1 of cycle subside within hours or days

Question 12

what is the patho behind dysmenorrhea?

Answer 12

prostaglandins are a potent myomtetrial stimulant & vasoconstrictor in the secretory endometrium. Dysmenorrhea is caused by excessive prostaglandin production, which cause painful uterine contractions & arterial vasospasm

Question 13

secondary dysmenorrhea?

Answer 13

caused by specific organic conditions like endometerosis, uterine fibriods, adenomyosis, pelvic adhesions, IUDS or PID

Question 14

manifestations of primary dysmenorrhea?

Answer 14

headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, irritability & syncope. Pain is dull, colicky & cramping, radiating to back labia & upper thighs

Question 15

what is the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea?

Answer 15

analgesics, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, ovulation supression

Question 16

how do you diagnose secondary dysmenorrhea?

Answer 16

laparoscopy: surgical procedure in which fibre-optic instrument is inserted through wall of abdominal to view abdominal organs or do surgical procedure

Question 17

what is the treatment of secondary dysmenorrhea?

Answer 17

analgesics, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, ovulation suppression, TREAT UNDERLYING CAUSE-because caused from some kind of PATHO

Question 18

what is menorrhagia?

Answer 18

excessive bleeding during menses

Question 19

what is metorrhagia?

Answer 19

excessive bleeding outside of menstrual cycle

Question 20

what is the etiology of menorrhagia?

Answer 20

In early life it is cause by endocrine disturbance, whereas in later life it is caused by inflammatory disturbances, uterine tumors & hormonal imbalances

Question 21

what is the etiology of metorrhagia?

Answer 21

potentially a sign of cancer, begnin uterine tumors or other gynecological problems