Glomerular Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the glomerulus?

A
  • network of capillaries

- filters blood through

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2
Q

what are the 2 process of glomerulus that works toward making urine?

A
  • ultrafiltration

- active reabsorption (need SELECTIVE permeability)

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3
Q

what are the 4 categories of glomerular disease?

A
  1. Acute nephritic syndromes
  2. Nephrotic syndromes
  3. asymptomatic protienuria & hematuria
  4. acute & chronic glomerulonephritis
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4
Q

Acute nephritic syndromes

A

-decrease in glomerular permeability(decrease in glomerular filtration rate)
(decrease filtration, retain more, keep fluids in with nitrogenous wastes, retaining nitrogenous wastes)
-fluid & nitrogen waste retention which then leads to edema and hypertension

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5
Q

Nephrotic syndromes

A
  • increase in glomerular permeability
  • leads to fluid loss and electrolyte loss (leading to hypotension & hypovolemia
  • which will then lead to an increase in proteinuria(increase permeability protiens, large pore sizes, proteins go through & loose) and Hypoalbumenia (loss of albumin, which is a protein)
  • also hyperlipidemia & lipiduria
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6
Q

why does hyperlipidemia & lipiduria occur with nephrotic syndromes?

A

secondary to proteinuria, secondary problem in liver, loosing proteins in urine, liver responds by synthesizing more proteins, as part of that synthesis more lipids produced, especially (triglycerides & LDLs)

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7
Q

when hyperlipidemia & lipiduria occurs with nephrotic syndromes what are the lipids that are usually produced?

A

-triglycerides & LDL(low density lipids)

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8
Q

asymptomatic proteinuria & hematuria

A
  • asymptomatic because does not significantly affect renal function (DOES NOT AFFECT GFR)
  • no impairment of kidney function
  • level of proteinuria much lower than what is in nephrotic syndrome
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9
Q

acute & chronic gomerulonephritis

A
  • there are several forms of glomerulonephritis
  • glomerular inflammation
  • several types
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10
Q

what is the type of golmerulonephritis we HAVE to KNOW and remember for this stupid exam?

A

acute post infectious (proliferative) glomerulonephritis

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11
Q

what is Acute post infectious (proliferative) glomerulonephritis?

A
  • common form of glomerulonephritis
  • usually in children (has a 95% recovery rate)
  • is a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction
  • Immune complex traps in glomerulus and glomerular function impeded
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12
Q

what is Acute post infectious (proliferative) glomerulonephritis usually preceded by?

A

Pharyngeal or Dermal infection (7-12 days after)

commonly from B hemolytic streptococcus (hemolytic is hemolysis so break down of erythrocytes during infection)

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13
Q

what are the manifestations of Acute post infectious (proliferative) glomerulonephritis?

A
  • oliguria (decreased urine output), proteinuria, hematuria
  • azotemia
  • fluid retention: causing hypertension & edema
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14
Q

treatment of acute post infectious (proliferative) glomerulonephritis?

A

usually self limiting (recover in weeks)

symptomatic treatment

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15
Q

how does this type 3 hypersensitivity play out in acute post infectious (proliferative) glomerulonephritis?

A

immunocomplex forms from infection (antigen) this immunocomplex is to small for enzymes to detect so avoids destruction. In both cases immunocomplex pressists & exisits in circulation until finds a vesesl small enough to attach to like a capillary for example the capillaries in the kidney . The immunocomplex arrives & deposits in glomerulus, impeded perfusion obstructing pores, macrophages will try to remove, when removing causing damage causing larger holes in membrane.

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16
Q

what are the characteristics of cute post infectious (proliferative) glomerulonephritis?

A
  • glomerular enlargement (substantial inflammation, inflammation causes swelling)
  • hypercellularity (which is an increase in number cells)(leukocytes d/t inflm, mesangial & endothelial cells-dont really know why these cells increase)
17
Q

what are the mesangial cells

A

lie between capillary tufts, provide support for the glomerulus. mesengial cells produce an intracellular substance similar to that of basement membrane.